Journal of Microbiology

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Lactobacillus crispatus KBL693 alleviates atopic dermatitis symptoms through immune modulation: Seokcheon Song, Jun-Hyeong Kim, Sung Jae Jang, Eun Jung Jo, Sang Kyun Lim, GwangPyo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(10):e2509005. Published online October 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2509005

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widespread inflammatory skin condition that affects the population worldwide. Given the implication of microbiota in AD pathogenesis, we investigated whether human-derived Lactobacillus strains could modulate AD. In this study, we identified Lactobacillus crispatus KBL693 as a probiotic candidate for AD treatment. In vitro, KBL693 suppressed mast cell degranulation and IL-4 production by T cells, suggesting its ability to attenuate key type 2 immune responses. Consistent outcomes were observed in a murine AD model, where oral administration of KBL693 alleviated disease symptoms and reduced hallmark type 2 immune markers, including plasma IgE as well as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels in skin lesions. In addition to downregulating these AD-associated immune responses, KBL693 promoted regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion in mesenteric lymph nodes, indicating its potential to restore immune balance. Collectively, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of KBL693 for AD through enhancement of Tregs and suppression of type 2 immune responses.

Journal Articles

Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in a Mouse Model: Woon-ki Kim , You Jin Jang , SungJun Park , Sung-gyu Min , Heeun Kwon , Min Jung Jo , GwangPyo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(2):91-99. Published online February 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00104-5

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with repeated exacerbations of eczema and pruritus. Probiotics can prevent or treat AD appropriately via modulation of immune responses and gut microbiota. In this study, we evaluated effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) KBL409 using a house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae)-induced in vivo AD model. Oral administration of L. acidophilus KBL409 significantly reduced dermatitis scores and decreased infiltration of immune cells in skin tissues. L. acidophilus KBL409 reduced in serum immunoglobulin E and mRNA levels of T helper (Th)1 (Interferon-γ), Th2 (Interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31), and Th17 (IL-17A) cytokines in skin tissues. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased and Foxp3 expression was up-regulated in AD-induced mice with L. acidophilus KBL409. Furthermore, L. acidophilus KBL409 significantly modulated gut microbiota and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and amino acids, which could explain its effects on AD. Our results suggest that L. acidophilus KBL409 is the potential probiotic for AD treatment by modulating of immune responses and gut microbiota of host.

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The gut-skin axis: a bi-directional, microbiota-driven relationship with therapeutic potential
Maira Jimenez-Sanchez, Larissa S. Celiberto, Hyungjun Yang, Ho Pan Sham, Bruce A. Vallance
Gut Microbes.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Probiotics ameliorate atopic dermatitis by modulating the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in dogs
Hyokeun Song, Seung-Hyun Mun, Dae-Woong Han, Jung-Hun Kang, Jae-Uk An, Cheol-Yong Hwang, Seongbeom Cho
BMC Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of daily oral probiotic and postbiotic supplementation on the canine skin microbiota: Insights from culture‐dependent and long‐read 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods
Letitia Grant, Manijeh Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh, Esmaeil Ebrahimie, Aliakbar Khabiri, Tania Veltman, Michael Shipstone, Darren J. Trott
Veterinary Dermatology.2025; 36(5): 581. CrossRef
The efficacy of Akkermansia muciniphila YGMCC2602-derived postbiotics in skin repair
Zhili He, Wenfang Song, Shichang Zhang, Minlei Zhao, Fan Wang, Shanshan He, Xiaochi Jie, Qi Gao, Jianguo Chen
Journal of Functional Foods.2025; 131: 106950. CrossRef
Differential modulation of post-antibiotic colonization resistance to Clostridioides difficile by two probiotic Lactobacillus strains
Matthew H. Foley, Arthur S. McMillan, Sarah O'Flaherty, Rajani Thanissery, Molly E. Vanhoy, Mary Gracen Fuller, Rodolphe Barrangou, Casey M. Theriot, Jacques Ravel
mBio.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Innovative microbial strategies in atopic dermatitis
Jingtai Ma, Yiting Fang, Jinxing Hu, Shiqi Li, Lilian Zeng, Siyi Chen, Zhifeng Li, Ruiling Meng, Xingfen Yang, Fenglin Zhang, Guiyuan Ji, Peihua Liao, Liang Chen, Wei Wu
Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Nanoencapsulation of Biotics: Feasibility to Enhance Stability and Delivery for Improved Gut Health
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Microbiota Modulation as an Approach to Prevent the Use of Antimicrobials Associated with Canine Atopic Dermatitis
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The Skin Histopathology of Pro- and Parabiotics in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis
Hun Hwan Kim, Se Hyo Jeong, Min Yeong Park, Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale, Abuyaseer Abusaliya, Jeong Doo Heo, Hyun Wook Kim, Je Kyung Seong, Tae Yang Kim, Jeong Woo Park, Byeong Soo Kim, Gon Sup Kim
Nutrients.2024; 16(17): 2903. CrossRef
Limosilactobacillus fermentum KBL674 Alleviates Vaginal Candidiasis
Sung Jae Jang, Eun Jung Jo, Cheonghoon Lee, Bo-Ram Cho, Yun Jeong Shin, Jun Soo Song, Woon-Ki Kim, Nanhee Lee, Hyungjin Lee, SungJun Park, GwangPyo Ko
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Lactobacillus rhamnosus KBL2290 Ameliorates Gut Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium‑Induced Colitis: Woon-ki Kim , Sung-gyu Min , Heeun Kwon , SungJun Park , Min Jung Jo , GwangPyo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(7):673-682. Published online June 14, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00061-5

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Abstract PDF

Ulcerative colitis, a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with chronic colonic inflammation, may be induced via overreactive innate and adaptive immune responses. Restoration of gut microbiota abundance and diversity is important to control the pathogenesis. Lactobacillus spp., well-known probiotics, ameliorate IBD symptoms via various mechanisms, including modulation of cytokine production, restoration of gut tight junction activity and normal mucosal thickness, and alterations in the gut microbiota. Here, we studied the effects of oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) KBL2290 from the feces of a healthy Korean individual to mice with DSS-induced colitis. Compared to the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) + phosphate-buffered saline control group, the DSS + L. rhamnosus KBL2290 group evidenced significant improvements in colitis symptoms, including restoration of body weight and colon length, and decreases in the disease activity and histological scores, particularly reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an elevated level of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. Lactobacillus rhamnosus KBL2290 modulated the levels of mRNAs encoding chemokines and markers of inflammation; increased regulatory T cell numbers; and restored tight junction activity in the mouse colon. The relative abundances of genera Akkermansia, Lactococcus, Bilophila, and Prevotella increased significantly, as did the levels of butyrate and propionate (the major short-chain fatty acids). Therefore, oral L. rhamnosus KBL2290 may be a useful novel probiotic.

Citations

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Dietary supplementation with proanthocyanidins and rutin alleviates the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mice and regulates gut microbiota
Yue Gao, Binbin Huang, Yunyi Qin, Bing Qiao, Mengfei Ren, Liqing Cao, Yan Zhang, Maozhen Han
Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus G7 alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating the intestinal microbiota
Jianlong Lao, Man Chen, Shuping Yan, Han Gong, Zhaohai Wen, Yanhong Yong, Dan Jia, Shuting Lv, Wenli Zou, Junmei Li, Huiming Tan, Hong Yin, Xiangying Kong, Zengyuan Liu, Fucheng Guo, Xianghong Ju, Youquan Li
BMC Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Lactobacillus rhamnosus MP108 alleviates ulcerative colitis in mice by enhancing the intestinal barrier, inhibiting inflammation, and modulating gut microbiota
Huizhen Li, Yang Chen, Huiting Fang, Xinmei Guo, Xuecong Liu, Jianxin Zhao, Wei Chen, Bo Yang
Food Science and Human Wellness.2025; 14(6): 9250139. CrossRef
Therapeutic Potential of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Gastrointestinal Diseases
Meng Tong Zhu, Jonathan Wei Jie Lee
Nutraceuticals.2025; 5(3): 19. CrossRef
Probiotics: Shaping the gut immunological responses
Eirini Filidou, Leonidas Kandilogiannakis, Anne Shrewsbury, George Kolios, Katerina Kotzampassi
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 30(15): 2096. CrossRef
Synergistic effects of probiotics with soy protein alleviate ulcerative colitis by repairing the intestinal barrier and regulating intestinal flora
Rentang Zhao, Bingqing Shang, Luyan Sun, Suyuan Lv, Guolong Liu, Qiu Wu, Yue Geng
Journal of Functional Foods.2024; 122: 106514. CrossRef
Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum ABF21069 Ameliorate High Sucrose-Induced Obesity and Fatty Liver via Exopolysaccharide Production and β-oxidation
Yu Mi Jo, Yoon Ji Son, Seul-Ah Kim, Gyu Min Lee, Chang Won Ahn, Han-Oh Park, Ji-Hyun Yun
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(10): 907. CrossRef
Immune-Stimulating Potential of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LM1019 in RAW 264.7 Cells and Immunosuppressed Mice Induced by Cyclophosphamide
Yeji You, Sung-Hwan Kim, Chul-Hong Kim, In-Hwan Kim, YoungSup Shin, Tae-Rahk Kim, Minn Sohn, Jeseong Park
Microorganisms.2023; 11(9): 2312. CrossRef

Chemokine CCL6 Plays Key Role in the Inhibitory Effect of Vitamin A on Norovirus Infection: Heetae Lee , Giljae Lee , You-Hee Cho , Youngcheon Song , GwangPyo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(5):579-587. Published online May 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00047-3

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Abstract PDF: Norovirus (NoV) is the most common viral cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Vitamin A has demonstrated the potential to protect against gastrointestinal infections. However, the effects of vitamin A on human norovirus (HuNoV) infections remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how vitamin A administration affects NoV replication. We demonstrated that treatment with retinol or retinoic acid (RA) inhibited NoV replication in vitro based on their effects on HuNoV replicon-bearing cells and murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1) replication in murine cells. MNV replication in vitro showed significant transcriptomic changes, which were partially reversed by retinol treatment. RNAi knockdown of CCL6, a chemokine gene that was downregulated by MNV infection but upregulated by retinol administration, resulted in increased MNV replication in vitro. This suggested a role of CCL6 in the host response to MNV infections. Similar gene expression patterns were observed in the murine intestine after oral administration of RA and/or MNV-1.CW1. CCL6 directly decreased HuNoV replication in HG23 cells, and might indirectly regulate the immune response against NoV infection. Finally, relative replication levels of MNV-1.CW1 and MNV-1.CR6 were significantly increased in CCL6 knockout RAW 264.7 cells. This study is the first to comprehensively profile transcriptomes in response to NoV infection and vitamin A treatment in vitro, and thus may provide new insights into dietary prophylaxis and NoV infections.

Effects of digested Cheonggukjang on human microbiota assessed by in vitro fecal fermentation: Vineet Singh , Nakwon Hwang , Gwangpyo Ko , Unno Tatsuya; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(2):217-227. Published online February 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0525-x

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Abstract PDF

In vitro fecal fermentation is an assay that uses fecal microbes to ferment foods, the results of which can be used to evaluate the potential of prebiotic candidates. To date, there have been various protocols used for in vitro fecal fermentation- based assessments of food substances. In this study, we investigated how personal gut microbiota differences and external factors affect the results of in vitro fecal fermentation assays. We used Cheonggukjang (CGJ), a Korean traditional fermented soybean soup that is acknowledged as healthy functional diet. CGJ was digested in vitro using acids and enzymes, and then fermented with human feces anaerobically. After fecal fermentation, the microbiota was analyzed using MiSeq, and the amount of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured using GC-MS. Our results suggest that CGJ was effectively metabolized by fecal bacteria to produce SCFAs, and this process resulted in an increase in the abundance of Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, and Bifidobacterium and a reduction in the growth of Sutterella, an opportunistic pathogen. The metabolic activities predicted from the microbiota shifts indicated enhanced metabolism linked to methionine biosynthesis and depleted chondroitin sulfate degradation. Moreover, the amount of SCFAs and microbiota shifts varied depending on personal microbiota differences. Our findings also suggest that in vitro fecal fermentation of CGJ for longer durations may partially affect certain fecal microbes. Overall, the study discusses the usability of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fecal fermentation (GIDFF) to imitate the effects of diet-induced microbiome modulation and its impact on the host.

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Seeds for gut health: Prebiotic potential of seed mucilages from Chia, Fenugreek, Basil, Mustard, and Flaxseed and their impact on adult and toddler's gut microbiome
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Plant Foods for Human Nutrition.2024; 79(1): 1. CrossRef
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Ramya Balasubramanian, Elizabeth Schneider, Eoin Gunnigle, Paul D. Cotter, John F. Cryan
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Eun-Ji Song, Min Jung Kim, Chang Hwa Jung, Won-Hyong Chung, Young-Do Nam, Mi Young Lim
Journal of Functional Foods.2023; 101: 105420. CrossRef
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Vineet Singh, HyunWoo Son, GyuDae Lee, Sunwoo Lee, Tatsuya Unno, Jae‐Ho Shin
Biotechnology and Bioengineering.2022; 119(11): 3044. CrossRef
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Il-Sup Kim, Cher-Won Hwang, Woong-Suk Yang, Cheorl-Ho Kim
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Bile salt hydrolase-mediated inhibitory effect of Bacteroides ovatus on growth of Clostridium difficile: Soobin Yoon , Junsun Yu , Andrea McDowell , Sung Ho Kim , Hyun Ju You , GwangPyo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(11):892-899. Published online October 27, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7340-4

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Abstract PDF

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common nosocomial infections. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota due to consumption of antibiotics is a major contributor to CDI. Recently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been applied to treat CDI. However, FMT has important limitations including uncontrolled exposure to pathogens and standardization issues. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate alternative treatment methods, such as bacteriotherapy, as well as the mechanism through which beneficial bacteria inhibit the growth of C. difficile. Here, we report bile acid-mediated inhibition of C. difficile by Bacteroides strains which can produce bile salt hydrolase (BSH). Bacteroides strains are not commonly used to treat CDI; however, as they comprise a large proportion of the intestinal microbiota, they can contribute to bile acid-mediated inhibition of C. difficile. The inhibitory effect on C. difficile growth increased with increasing bile acid concentration in the presence of Bacteroides ovatus SNUG 40239. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect on C. difficile growth was significantly attenuated when bile acid availability was reduced by cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant. The findings of this study are important due to the discovery of a new bacterial strain that in the presence of available bile acids inhibits growth of C. difficile. These
results
will facilitate development of novel bacteriotherapy strategies to control CDI.

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Bacteroides ovatus Has the Potential to Be a Next-Generation Probiotic Strain
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Simultaneous Detection of Major Enteric Viruses Using a Combimatrix Microarray: Ju-Mi Kim , Sung Yeon Kim , Young Bin Park , Hye Jin Kim , Byung Sup Min , Jae-Chang Cho , Jai Myung Yang , You-Hee Cho , GwangPyo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(6):970-977. Published online October 27, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2228-9

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Abstract PDF: Various enteric viruses including norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus are the major etiological agents of food-borne and water-borne disease outbreaks and frequently cause non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Sensitive and high-throughput detection methods for these viral pathogens are compulsory for diagnosing viral pathogens and subsequently improving public health. Hence, we developed a sensitive, specific, and high-throughput analytical assay to detect most major enteric viral pathogens using “Combimatrix” platform oligonucleotide probes. In order to detect four different enteric viral pathogens in a sensitive and simultaneous manner, we first developed a multiplex RT-PCR assay targeting partial gene sequences of these viruses with fluorescent labeling for the subsequent microarray. Then, five olignonucleotides specific to each of the four major enteric viruses were selected for the microarray from the oligonulceotide pools targeting the specific genes obtained by multiplex PCR of these viruses. The oligonucleotide microarray was evaluated against stool specimens containing single or mixed viral species. As a result, we demonstrated that the multiplex RT-PCR assay specifically amplified partial sequences of four enteric viruses and the subsequent microarray assay was capable of sensitive and simultaneous detection of those viruses. The developed method could be useful for diagnosing enteric viruses in both clinical and environmental specimens.

Development of a Latex Agglutination Test for Norovirus Detection: Heetae Lee , YoungBin Park , Misoon Kim , Youngmee Jee , Doo-sung Cheon , Hae Sook Jeong , GwangPyo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(4):419-425. Published online August 20, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0071-4

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9 Scopus

Abstract PDF: Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Currently, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used commonly to detect NoVs in both clinical and environmental samples. However, RT-PCR requires expensive equipment and cannot be performed on site. In this study, a latex agglutination test (LAT) using antibody-labeled latex beads for detecting NoVs was developed. Two kinds of polyclonal antibodies, one generated from synthetic peptides and the other from E. coli-expressed NoV capsid proteins, were used to develop the LAT. Each of these polyclonal antibodies was immobilized on the surface of latex beads and tested for the ability to detect NoVs. Under optimized conditions, our LAT detected GII.4 NoV at concentrations as low as 3.3×105 RT-PCR units/ml in stool samples. The detection limit for the LAT was approximately 1.7×103 RT-PCR units. Forty-eight stool samples were tested for NoVs using this LAT. In comparison with an RT-PCR assay, the sensitivity and specificity of the LAT were 35% and 100%, respectively. With further optimization, this LAT used with appropriate antibodies could be applied for convenient detection of NoVs in clinical diagnosis and food monitoring.

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