Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Comparative study of the geographical spread of genogroup II porcine norovirus and human norovirus: Eung Seo Koo , Yong Seok Jeong; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(7):644-650. Published online July 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1218-1

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Livestock pigs and porcine norovirus could be candidate tools for future studies on the geographic isolation of norovirus. In this study, we provide the first evidence for geographic isolation of the host as a determinant of the distribution of subgenotypes of the porcine norovirus genogroup II (GII) genotype 11. Environmental water samples were collected from peri-urban streams and estuaries in South Korea between 2014 and 2020. In total, 488 GII region C sequences of norovirus open reading frame 2 were isolated. A total of 14 genotypes were detected, two of which (GII.11 and GII.18) corresponded to porcine norovirus. Five human norovirus genotypes (GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.17) and one porcine norovirus genotype (GII.11) comprised the subgenotypes. Integrated analysis of seasonal and geographical factors revealed that the possibility of the co-emergence of different GII.11 subgenotypes in the same province was lower than that of human norovirus subgenotypes in the same province. Additional algorithms designed to eliminate potential biases further supported the estimated restricted geographical spread of the GII.11 subgenotypes. Fecal contamination source tracking revealed low detection rates of porcine norovirus in the absence of upstream pig farms. These results suggest that a one-sided viral transmission route, mainly dependent on indirect contact owing to the limited chance of direct contact between geographically separated livestock pig populations, may be responsible for the restricted geographical spread of the GII.11 subgenotypes.

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Swine Norovirus: Past, Present, and Future
Lara Cavicchio, Andrea Laconi, Alessandra Piccirillo, Maria Serena Beato
Viruses.2022; 14(3): 537. CrossRef

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Altered mRNA Levels of MOV10, A3G, and IFN-α in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: Zhi-Wei Song , Yan-Xiu Ma , Li-Juan Fu , Bao-qing Fu , Xu Teng , Si-Jia Chen , Wei-Zhen Xu , Hong-Xi Gu; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(6):510-514. Published online May 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3467-8

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Abstract

To explore the relationship of the MOV10, A3G, and IFN-α mRNA levels with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, Blood samples from 96 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 21 healthy individuals as control were collected. HBV DNA load and aminotransferase in the serum were tested using real time PCR and velocity methods, respectively. The MOV10, A3G, and IFN-α mRNA levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined through qRT-PCR. The MOV10, A3G, and IFN-α mRNA levels in CHB group was significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). The A3G mRNA level in the high-HBV DNA load group was lower than that in the low-HBV DNA load group (P<0.05). However, no statistical difference was found in the MOV10 and IFN-α mRNA levels between the two HBV DNA load groups. Furthermore, the MOV10 mRNA level showed positive correlation with IFN-α in the control group. These results indicated that the expression of the innate immune factors MOV10, A3G, and IFN-α is affected by chronic HBV infection.

Citations

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Hepatic exosomes with declined MiR‐27b‐3p trigger RIG‐I/TBK1 signal pathway in macrophages
Jie You, Wenyu Wu, Mengxin Lu, Yanghao Xie, Rui Miao, Misi Gu, Dong Xi, Weiming Yan, Di Wu, Xiaojing Wang, Tao Chen, Qin Ning, Meifang Han
Liver International.2022; 42(7): 1676. CrossRef
Unwinding the roles ofRNAhelicaseMOV10
Aatiqa Nawaz, Temirlan Shilikbay, Geena Skariah, Stephanie Ceman
WIREs RNA.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Evolutionary and Expression Analysis of MOV10 and MOV10L1 Reveals Their Origin, Duplication and Divergence
Shuaiqi Yang, Xiangmin Zhang, Xianpeng Li, Xiu Yin, Lei Teng, Guangdong Ji, Hongyan Li
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(14): 7523. CrossRef
Roles of APOBEC3 in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocarcinogenesis
Yuan Zhang, Xiaorong Chen, Yajuan Cao, Zongguo Yang
Bioengineered.2021; 12(1): 2074. CrossRef
Profiling of LINE-1-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Tomoyuki Honda, Md. Arifur Rahman
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2019; 20(3): 645. CrossRef
Host Protein Moloney Leukemia Virus 10 (MOV10) Acts as a Restriction Factor of Influenza A Virus by Inhibiting the Nuclear Import of the Viral Nucleoprotein
Junsong Zhang, Feng Huang, Likai Tan, Chuan Bai, Bing Chen, Jun Liu, Juanran Liang, Chao Liu, Shaoying Zhang, Gen Lu, Yuan Chen, Hui Zhang, S. López
Journal of Virology.2016; 90(8): 3966. CrossRef
The role of Moloney leukemia virus 10 in hepatitis B virus expression in hepatoma cells
Yan-Xiu Ma, Di Li, Li-Juan Fu, Bao-qing Fu, Si-Jia Chen, Wei-Zhen Xu, Xu Teng, Zhi-wei Song, Hong-Xi Gu
Virus Research.2015; 197: 85. CrossRef
RNA helicase MOV10 functions as a co-factor of HIV-1 Rev to facilitate Rev/RRE-dependent nuclear export of viral mRNAs
Feng Huang, Junsong Zhang, Yijun Zhang, Guannan Geng, Juanran Liang, Yingniang Li, Jingliang Chen, Chao Liu, Hui Zhang
Virology.2015; 486: 15. CrossRef

Hepatitis B Virus Core Interacts with the Host Cell Nucleolar Protein, Nucleophosmin 1: Su Jin Lee , Hee Youn Shim , Antony Hsieh , Ji Young Min , Gu hung Jung; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(6):746-752. Published online February 4, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-2720-z

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Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome replication requires the packaging of viral factors (pregenomic RNA and polymerase) as well as host factors, including heat shock proteins and protein kinase C. Previous reports have suggested that there are several unidentified host factors that affect this encapsidation step. In this study, we identified a new host factor, nucleophosmin (B23) that interacts with the HBV core protein 149 (Cp149). We analyzed this factor using NHS-activated sepharose resin and MALDI-TOF MS. Using the BIAcore analysis system, we were also able to deduce that the B23.1 residues 259-294 were required for the interaction between Cp149 and B23.1 in vitro.

Affinity Maturation of an Anti-Hepatitis B Virus PreS1 Humanized Antibody by Phage Display: Gi-Hyeok Yang , Sun Ok Yoon , Myung Hee Jang , Hyo Jeong Hong; J. Microbiol. 2007;45(6):528-533.; DOI: https://doi.org/2640 [pii]

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Abstract: In a previous study we generated an anti-Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) preS1 humanized antibody (HzKR127) that showed in vivo HBV-neutralizing activity in chimpanzees. However, the antigen-binding affinity of the humanized antibody may not be sufficient for clinical use and thus affinity maturation is required for better therapeutic efficacy. In this study, phage display technique was employed to increase the affinity of HzKR127. All six amino acid residues (Glu95-Tyr96-Asp97-Glu98-Ala99-Tyr100) in the heavy (H) chain complementarydetermining region 3 (HCDR3) of HzKR127 were randomized and phage-displayed single chain Fv (scFv) library was constructed. After three rounds of panning, 12 different clones exhibiting higher antigen-binding activity than the wild type ScFv were selected and their antigen-binding specificity for the preS1 confirmed. Subsequently, five ScFv clones were converted to whole IgG and subjected to affinity determination. The results showed that two clones (B3 and A19) exhibited an approximately 6 fold higher affinities than that of HzKR127. The affinity-matured humanized antibodies may be useful in anti-HBV immunotherapy.

Journal Article

Detection of Hepatitis B Virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Korean Dental Patients: Sun-A Lee , So Young Yoo , Kee-Sung Kay , Joong-Ki Kook; J. Microbiol. 2004;42(3):239-242.; DOI: https://doi.org/2082 [pii]

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Abstract: This study examined the detection rate of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in serum and saliva samples, respectively, from 120 dental patients who were unaware if they have or had either hepatitis or tuberculosis. The frequencies of HBsAg and anti-HBs were determined using an immunochromatic assay. Mtb positivity was determined by the PCR method. Of the 120 patients, 7 (5.8%) were HBV positive and 30 (25.0%) were Mtb positive. This highlights the fact that dental health care workers (DHCWs) can be exposed to the risk of infection from blood- or saliva-borne pathogens as a consequence of their work. Therefore, it is very important to prevent cross infection between patients and dental personnel. Accordingly, laboratory tests prior to surgical treatment are needed to determine the infectious state of dental patients in order to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases in dental clinics.

Rapid and Simple Purification of Biologically Active Human Hepatitis B virus Transactivator-X Proteins: Poo, Ha Ryoung , Kim, Sun Ok , Sohn, Mi Jin , Lee, Sook , Lee, Young Ik; J. Microbiol. 1998;36(1):55-58.

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Abstract: The human hepatitis B virus-X(HBV-X) was cloned into an expression vector, pET3d, containing a T7 promoter and direct expression was induced in Escherichia coli. The expressed HBV-V protein was purified to homogeneity by centrifugation, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. After gel filtration, renaturation of HBV-X were performed using dialysis against serially diluted urea buffer. The biological activity of refolded HBV-X protein was confirmed by enhancement of protein/DNA complexes using gel-shift analysis.

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