Research article
- Potential of marine dinoflagellates Amphidinium carterae and Prorocentrum minimum as fatty acids producers: A comparative transcriptome and fatty acid profiling study
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Han-Sol Kim, Su-Hwa Lee, Zhun Li, Hah Young Yoo, Jang-Seu Ki
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J. Microbiol. 2026;64(6):e2604005. Published online June 30, 2026
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2604005
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Abstract
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Marine dinoflagellates are gaining attention as sustainable bioresource for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In the present study, we analyzed the FAs and transcriptomic profiles of marine dinoflagellates Amphidinium carterae (D-044) and Prorocentrum minimum (D-127) to evaluate their potential as FAs producers. Gas chromatography-FA methyl ester (GC-FAME) analysis showed that A. carterae is a superior omega-3 producer, yielding a total FA content of 67.6 mg/g DW. DHA accounted for 26.7% of the total FAME profile, which is significantly higher than that of P. minimum (18.1 mg/g DW; DHA 13.1%). Gene Ontology (GO) annotation revealed genes related to FAs and lipid metabolism in A. carterae (1,217 genes) and in P. minimum (2,317 genes), which provide a molecular basis for dinoflagellates with high lipid productivity. Notably, three lipid droplet-associated hydrolase (LDAH) genes with diverse evolutionary origins were identified from A. carterae. These findings suggest a potential expansion of the genetic repertoire related to lipid storage and metabolism, highlighting A. carterae and LDAH as candidates for future biotechnological applications and microalgal metabolic engineering.
Article
- Ship Hull‑Fouling Diatoms on Korean Research Vessels Revealed by Morphological and Molecular Methods, and Their Environmental Implications
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Jaeyeong Park , Taehee Kim , Buhari Lawan Muhammad , Jang-Seu Ki
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J. Microbiol. 2023;61(6):615-626. Published online May 25, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00055-3
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731
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Ship biofouling is one of the main vectors for the introduction and global spread of non-indigenous organisms. Diatoms
were the early colonizers of ship hulls; however, their community composition on ships is poorly understood. Herein, we
investigated the diatom community on the hull samples collected from two Korean research vessels Isabu (IRV) and Onnuri
(ORV) on September 2 and November 10, 2021, respectively. IRV showed low cell density (345 cells/cm2) compared to
ORV (778 cells/cm2). We morphologically identified more than 15 species of diatoms from the two research vessels (RVs).
The microalgae in both RVs were identified as Amphora, Cymbella, Caloneis, Halamphora, Navicula, Nitzschia, and Plagiogramma.
Of them, the genus Halamphora was found to be predominant. However, both RVs had a varied dominant
species with a significant difference in body size; Halamphora oceanica dominated at IRV, and Halamphora sp. at ORV,
respectively. Molecular cloning showed similar results to morphological analysis, in which Halamphora species dominated
in both RVs. The hull-attached species were distinct from species found in the water column. These results revealed diatoms
communities that are associated with ship hull-fouling at an early stage of biofilm formation. Moreover, ships arriving
from different regions could show some variation in species composition on their hull surfaces, with the potential for nonindigenous
species introduction.
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Citations
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Halamphora navalis
sp. nov. (Amphipleuraceae, Bacillariophyta), a new hull-fouling diatom from the research vessel Jangmok No. 1, Korea
Taehee Kim, Joon Sang Park, Seung Ho Baek, Han-Sol Kim, Jang-Seu Ki
Diatom Research.2026; 41(2): 215. CrossRef - Invasion and ecological impact of the biofouling tube worm Hydroides elegans (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) in Korean coastal waters
Sang Lyeol Kim, Ok Hwan Yu
Frontiers in Marine Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Assessment of ship hull-attached marine diatoms: species composition and reattachment
Jaeyeong Park, Buhari Lawan Muhammad, Taehee Kim, Quynh Thi Nhu Bui, Han-Sol Kim, Kyoungsoon Shin, Bonggil Hyun, Jung-Hoon Kang, Jang-Seu Ki
Marine Pollution Bulletin.2025; 216: 117962. CrossRef - High haplotype diversity and strong phylogeographic structure in the invasive jellyfish Blackfordia virginica population highlight its complex demographic history in Korea
Buhari Lawan Muhammad, Jinho Chae, Jang-Seu Ki
Marine Biodiversity.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Article
- Photosynthetic and biochemical responses of the freshwater green algae Closterium ehrenbergii Meneghini (Conjugatophyceae) exposed to the metal coppers and its implication for toxicity testing
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Hui Wang , Vinitha Ebenezer , Jang-Seu Ki
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J. Microbiol. 2018;56(6):426-434. Published online June 1, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8081-8
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637
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The freshwater green algae Closterium is sensitive to water
quality, and hence has been suggested as ideal organisms for
toxicity testing. In the present study, we evaluated the photosynthetic
and biochemical responses of C. ehrenbergii to
the common contaminants, coppers. The 72 h median effective
concentrations (EC50) of CuSO4 and CuCl2 on the test
organism were calculated to be 0.202 mg/L and 0.245 mg/L,
respectively. Exposure to both coppers considerably decreased
pigment levels and photosynthetic efficiency, while inducing
the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells
with increased exposure time. Moreover, the coppers significantly
increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and superoxide
dismutase (SOD) activity, even at relatively lower concentrations.
These suggest that copper contaminants may
exert deleterious effects on the photosynthesis and cellular
oxidative stress of C. ehrenbergii, representing its powerful
potential in aquatic toxicity assessments.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Quantification of Toxic Effects of the Herbicide Metolachlor on Marine Microalgae Ditylum brightwellii (Bacillariophyceae), Prorocentrum minimum (Dinophyceae), and Tetraselmis suecica (Chlorophyceae)
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Vinitha Ebenezer , Jang-Seu Ki
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J. Microbiol. 2013;51(1):136-139. Published online March 2, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2114-0
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377
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Toxic effects of the herbicide metolachlor (MC) were evaluated for three marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica (chlorophyte), Ditylum brightwellii (diatom), and Prorocentrum minimum (dinoflagellate). MC showed a significant reduction in cell counts and chlorophyll a levels. Median effective concentration (EC50) was calculated based on chlorophyll a levels after a 72-h MC exposure. EC50 values for T. suecica, D. brightwellii, and P. minimum were 21.3, 0.423, and 0.07 mg/L, respectively. These values showed that the dinoflagellate was most sensitive when exposed to the herbicide, at a concentration comparable to freshwater algae, suggesting its potential as an appropriate model organism for ecotoxicity assessments in marine environments.
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