Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Negative regulation of the acsA1 gene encoding the major acetyl-CoA synthetase by cAMP receptor protein in Mycobacterium smegmatis: Eon-Min Ko , Yuna Oh , Jeong-Il Oh; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(12):1139-1152. Published online October 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2347-x

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Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) is the enzyme that irreversibly catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate, CoA-SH, and ATP via acetyl-AMP as an intermediate. In this study, we demonstrated that AcsA1 (MSMEG_6179) is the predominantly expressed ACS among four ACSs (MSMEG_6179, MSMEG_0718, MSMEG_3986, and MSMEG_5650) found in Mycobacterium smegmatis and that a deletion mutation of acsA1 in M. smegmatis led to its compromised growth on acetate as the sole carbon source. Expression of acsA1 was demonstrated to be induced during growth on acetate as the sole carbon source. The acsA1 gene was shown to be negatively regulated by Crp1 (MSMEG_6189) that is the major cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in M. smegmatis. Using DNase I footprinting analysis and site-directed mutagenesis, a CRPbinding site (GGTGA-N6-TCACA) was identified in the upstream regulatory region of acsA1, which is important for repression of acsA1 expression. We also demonstrated that inhibition of the respiratory electron transport chain by inactivation of the major terminal oxidase, aa3 cytochrome c oxidase, led to a decrease in acsA1 expression probably through the activation of CRP. In conclusion, AcsA1 is the major ACS in M. smegmatis and its gene is under the negative regulation of Crp1, which contributes to some extent to the induction of acsA1 expression under acetate conditions. The growth of M. smegmatis is severely impaired on acetate as the sole carbon source under respiration-inhibitory conditions.

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Inhibitory activity and antioomycete mechanism of citral against Phytophthora capsici
Kaidi Cui, Yinan Wang, Mengke Wang, Te Zhao, Fulong Zhang, Leiming He, Lin Zhou
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.2024; 204: 106067. CrossRef
Mycobacterial Regulatory Systems Involved in the Regulation of Gene Expression Under Respiration-Inhibitory Conditions
Yuna Oh, Ha-Na Lee, Eon-Min Ko, Ji-A Jeong, Sae Woong Park, Jeong-Il Oh
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(3): 297. CrossRef

Exploring the oral microflora of preschool children: Wen Ren , Qun Zhang , Xuenan Liu , Shuguo Zheng , Lili Ma , Feng Chen , Tao Xu , Baohua Xu; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(7):531-537. Published online April 22, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6474-8

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Abstract

The oral cavity is one of the most important and complicated habitats in our body and supports diverse microbial communities. In this study, we aimed to determine the bacterial diversity and composition of various oral micro-niches. Samples were collected from supragingival plaque, saliva, and tongue coating from 10 preschool children (30 samples total). 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing dataset generated 314,639 clean reads with an average of 10,488 ± 2,787 reads per sample. The phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria were predominant, accounting for more than 90% of the total sequences. We found the highest α diversity, microbial richness, and evenness in plaque, compared with saliva and tongue coating. Plaque was also distinguished from saliva and tongue coating by phylogenetic distances (weighted UniFrac). Taxa with different relative abundances were further identified, confirming the existence of microbial differences across the three niches. Core microbiomes were defined of each niche; however, only a small proportion of operational taxonomic units (8.07%) were shared by the three niches. Coaggregation between Actinomyces spp. and Streptococcus spp. and other correlations among periodontal pathogens, such as Prevotella, Fusobacteria, Capnocytophaga, and Tannerella, were shown by a co-occurrence network. In summary, our study provides a framework of oral microbial communities in the population of preschool children as a baseline for further studies of oral diseases related to microbes.

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The tongue microbiome of young patients with chronic kidney disease and their healthy mothers
Karolin C. Hoefer, Lutz T. Weber, Anna Greta Barbe, Isabelle Graf, Stefanie Thom, Angela Nowag, Claus J. Scholz, Hilmar Wisplinghoff, Michael J. Noack, Nathalie Jazmati
Clinical Oral Investigations.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Species-level characterization of saliva and dental plaque microbiota reveals putative bacterial and functional biomarkers of periodontal diseases in dogs
Giulia Alessandri, Federico Fontana, Leonardo Mancabelli, Chiara Tarracchini, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Chiara Argentini, Giulia Longhi, Sonia Mirjam Rizzo, Laura Maria Vergna, Rosaria Anzalone, Alice Viappiani, Francesca Turroni, Maria Cristina Ossiprandi,
FEMS Microbiology Ecology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Genetic Analysis of Perioperative Colonization by Infection-Related Microorganisms in Patients Receiving Intraoral Microvascular Grafts
Henriette Louise Moellmann, Katharina Kommer, Nadia Karnatz, Klaus Pfeffer, Birgit Henrich, Majeed Rana
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(14): 4103. CrossRef
Advances in the oral microbiota and rapid detection of oral infectious diseases
Xuan Xiao, Shangfeng Liu, Hua Deng, Yuhan Song, Liang Zhang, Zhifeng Song
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Novel Strategies for Preventing Dysbiosis in the Oral Cavity
Mariana B Rebelo, Cláudia S Oliveira, Freni K Tavaria
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Lactobacillus paracasei ET-22 Suppresses Dental Caries by Regulating Microbiota of Dental Plaques and Inhibiting Biofilm Formation
Meng Guo, Jianmin Wu, Weilian Hung, Zhe Sun, Wen Zhao, Hanglian Lan, Zhi Zhao, Guna Wuri, Bing Fang, Liang Zhao, Ming Zhang
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Exploring Oral Microbiome in Healthy Infants and Children: A Systematic Review
Silvia D’Agostino, Elisabetta Ferrara, Giulia Valentini, Sorana Andreea Stoica, Marco Dolci
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Sonication versus the conventional method for evaluation of the dental microbiome: a prospective pilot study
Oliver Wagendorf, Peter Menzel, Rolf Schwarzer, Norbert Neckel, Saskia Preissner, Max Heiland, Susanne Nahles
BMC Oral Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Oral Microbiota: Community Composition, Influencing Factors, Pathogenesis, and Interventions
Xinyi Li, Yanmei Liu, Xingyou Yang, Chengwen Li, Zhangyong Song
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Predominance of non-Streptococcus mutans bacteria in dental biofilm and its relation to caries progression
Doaa M. AlEraky, Marwa Madi, Maha El Tantawi, Jehan AlHumaid, Sarah Fita, Sayed AbdulAzeez, J. Francis Borgio, Fahad A. Al-Harbi, Adel S. Alagl
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The impact of caries status on supragingival plaque and salivary microbiome in children with mixed dentition: a cross-sectional survey
Xiaoxia Yang, Lidan He, Siqi Yan, Xinyi Chen, Guoying Que
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Acquisition and establishment of the oral microbiota
A. M. (Marije) Kaan, Dono Kahharova, Egija Zaura, M. Curtis, R. Darveau
Periodontology 2000.2021; 86(1): 123. CrossRef
Microbiome of Saliva and Plaque in Children According to Age and Dental Caries Experience
Eungyung Lee, Suhyun Park, Sunwoo Um, Seunghoon Kim, Jaewoong Lee, Jinho Jang, Hyoung-oh Jeong, Jonghyun Shin, Jihoon Kang, Semin Lee, Taesung Jeong
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Relationship of Salivary Microbiome with the Worsening of the Periodontal Health Status in Young Adults: A 3-Year Cohort Study
Md Monirul Islam, Daisuke Ekuni, Naoki Toyama, Terumasa Kobayashi, Kohei Fujimori, Yoko Uchida, Daiki Fukuhara, Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata, Kota Kataoka, Yoshiaki Iwasaki, Manabu Morita
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The canine oral microbiome: variation in bacterial populations across different niches
Avika Ruparell, Taichi Inui, Ruth Staunton, Corrin Wallis, Oliver Deusch, Lucy J. Holcombe
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The oral microbiome and salivary proteins influence caries in children aged 6 to 8 years
Wang Chen, Qian Jiang, Guowei Yan, Deqin Yang
BMC Oral Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
MEDICAL AND GENETIC STUDIES OF ORAL MICROBIOMA STATUS IN CHILDREN
S. S. Ostrovska, P. G. Gerasimchuk
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The Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with the Mucus Barrier in Health and Disease in Human
Anthony P. Corfield
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Distinctions and associations between the microbiota of saliva and supragingival plaque of permanent and deciduous teeth
Weihua Shi, Jing Tian, He Xu, Qiong Zhou, Man Qin, Kazuhiro Takemoto
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius Ren on cancer prevention and intestinal microbiota in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat model: Ming Zhang , Xing Fan , Bing Fang , Chengzhen Zhu , Jun Zhu , Fazheng Ren; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(6):398-405. Published online May 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5046-z

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Abstract

Probiotics have been suggested as a prophylactic measure in colon cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Lactobacillus salivarius Ren (Ren) in modulating colonic microbiota structure and colon cancer incidence in a rat model after injection with 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH). The results indicated that oral administration of Ren could effectively suppress DMH-induced colonic carcinogenesis. A significant decrease in cancer incidence (87.5% to 25%) was detected in rats fed with a dose of 5 × 1010 CFU/kg bodyweight per day. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Real-time PCR combined with multivariate statistical methods, we demonstrated that injection with DMH significantly altered the rat gut microbiota, while Ren counteracted these DMH-induced adverse effects and promoted reversion of the gut microbiota close to the healthy state. Tvalue biplots followed by band sequencing identified 21 bacterial strains as critical variables affected by DMH and Ren. Injection of DMH significantly increased the amount of Ruminococcus species (sp.) and Clostridiales bacteria, as well as decreasing the Prevotella sp. Administration of Ren reduced the amount of Ruminococcus sp., Clostridiales bacteria, and Bacteroides dorei, and increased the amount of Prevotella. Real-time PCR results were consistent with the results derived by t-value biplots. These findings suggested that Ren is a potential agent for colon cancer prevention. In conclusion, the
results
in the present study suggest a potential therapeutic approach based on the modulation of intestinal microflora by probiotics may be beneficial in the prevention of colorectal carcinogenesis.

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Lactobacillus salivarius Strain FDB89 Induced Longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans by Dietary Restriction: Yang Zhao , Liang Zhao , Xiaonan Zheng , Tianjiao Fu , Huiyuan Guo , Fazheng Ren; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(2):183-188. Published online April 27, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2076-2

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Abstract: In this study, we utilized the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to assess potential life-expanding effect of Lactobacillus salivarius strain FDB89 (FDB89) isolated from feces of centenarians in Bama County (Guangxi, China). This study showed that feeding FDB89 extended the mean life span in C. elegans by up to 11.9% compared to that of control nematodes. The reduced reproductive capacities, pharyngeal pumping rate, growth, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and XTT reduction capacity were also observed in FDB89 feeding worms. To probe the anti-aging mechanism further, we incorporated a food gradient feeding assay and assayed the life span of eat-2 mutant. The results demonstrated that the maximal life span of C. elegans fed on FDB89 was achieved at the concentration of 1.0 mg bacterial cells/plate, which was 10-fold greater than that of C. elegans fed on E. coli OP50 (0.1 mg bacterial cells/plate). However, feeding FDB89 could not further extend the life span of eat-2 mutant. These results indicated that FDB89 modulated the longevity of C. elegans in a dietary restriction-dependent manner and expanded the understanding of anti-aging effect of probiotics.

Lactobacillus salivarius REN Counteracted Unfavorable 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide-Induced Changes in Colonic Microflora of Rats: Ming Zhang , Xuewei Qiao , Liang Zhao , Lu Jiang , Fazheng Ren; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(6):877-883. Published online December 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1137-7

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Abstract: Probiotics and carcinogens both have a significant effect on the microfloral composition of the human intestine. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of an important carcinogen, 4-Nitroquinoline-1- Oxide on colonic microflora and the efficacy of the probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius REN as an agent of counteracting these effects. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) combined with redundancy analysis, we demonstrated that both 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide and L. salivarius REN significantly altered the bacterial communities of rat colons. A total of 27 bacterial strains were identified as being affected by treatment with 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide or L. salivarius REN using a t-value biplot combined with band sequencing. 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide treatment increased the abundance of two potential pathogens (one Helicobacter strain and one Desulfovibrio strain), as well as reducing the abundance of two potentially beneficial strains (one Ruminococcaceae strain and one Rumen bacteria). The Helicobacter strain was initally detected in carcinogen-treated rat intestinal microflora, but L. salivarius REN treatment effectively suppressed the growth of the Helicobacter strain. These results suggested that L. salivarius REN may be a potential probiotic, efficiently acting against the initial infection with, and the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

Comparison of Bacterial Composition between Human Saliva and Dental Unit Water System: Eun-Hyoung Jeon , Ji-Hye Han , Tae-Young Ahn; J. Microbiol. 2007;45(1):1-5.; DOI: https://doi.org/2500 [pii]

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Abstract: The bacterial compositions between the dental unit water system and human saliva were characterized and compared by direct sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries. Based on the species richness estimation, bacterial diversity in the dental unit water system (DUW) was more diverse than that of the human saliva (HS). The Chao1 estimates of species richness in HS and DUW samples were 12.0 and 72.4, respectively. The total numbers of OTUs observed in the combined libraries accounted for 83% (HS) and 59% (DUW) of the Chao1 diversity estimate as defined at the 80% similarity threshold. Based on the sequence analysis, the phylum Proteobacteria was the major group in both clone libraries at phylum level. DUW clone library contained 80.0% Proteobacteria, 8.0% Bacteroides, 4.0% Nitrospira, 4.0% Firmicutes, 2.0% Planctomycetes and 2.0% Acidobacteria. On the other hand, human saliva (HS) clone library contained 55.5% Proteobacteria, 36.1% Firmicutes and 8.4% Bacteroides. The majority of bacteria identified belonged to phylum Proteobacteria in both samples. In dental unit water system (DUW), Alphaproteobacteria was detected as the major group. There was no evidence of the bacterial contamination due to a dental treatment. Most sequences were related to microorganisms derived from biofilm in oligotrophic environments.

Bacterial Diversity in the Human Saliva from Different Ages: Jung-Gyu Kang , Seong Hwan Kim , Tae-Young Ahn; J. Microbiol. 2006;44(5):572-576.; DOI: https://doi.org/2438 [pii]

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Abstract: To obtain primary idea on oral bacterium species that are generally present in periodotally healthy Koreans, the oral bacterial flora in the saliva of four periodontally healthy Koreans at different ages (5, 32, 35, 65) was investigated in this study. For this investigation, 16SrRNA gene clone libraries were generated from the saliva of the four healthy Koreans, and 50 clones were randomly selected from each saliva clone library and sequenced. Totally, 37 different kinds of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were identified based on sequence homology search through GenBank database. The 37 kinds of saliva clone sequences were classified to 14 genera and 2 uncultured and 1 unidentified bacteria. Among the 14 identified genera, Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Veillonella were common genera, and Streptococcus was dominant genus that accounted for 7 different species. Among the seven Streptococcus species, S. salivarius appeared as the most common species. More numbers of species belonging to the genera Streptococcus and Prevotella was present in saliva from ages 32 and 35. While saliva from ages 5 and 65 showed more numbers of species belonging to the genera Rothia, including potential pathogenic species. Overall, saliva of a young child and a senior showed higher bacterial diversity than that of young adults.

Journal Articles

Antibacterial Effect of Electrolyzed Water on Oral Bacteria: Sung-Hoon Lee , Bong-Kyu Choi; J. Microbiol. 2006;44(4):417-422.; DOI: https://doi.org/2411 [pii]

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Abstract: This study investigated the antibacterial effect of electrolyzed water on oral bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. Tap water was electrolyzed in a water vessel using platinum cell technology. The electrolyzed tap water (called Puri-water) was put in contact with five major periodontopathogens or toothbrushes contaminated with these bacteria for 30 sec. In addition, Puri-water was used as a mouthwash for 30 sec in 16 subjects and the antibacterial effect on salivary bacteria was evaluated. Puri-water significantly reduced the growth of all periodontopathogens in culture and on toothbrushes, and that of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in saliva, when compared to the effect of tap water. It also significantly reduced mutans streptococci growing on mitis salivarius-bacitracin agar. Our results demonstrate that the electrolyzed tap water is effective as a mouthwash and for toothbrush disinfection.

Identification of Non-mutans Streptococci Organisms in Dental Plaques Recovering on Mitis-Salivarius Bacitracin Agar Medium: So Young Yoo , Pyung Sik Kim , Ho-Keel Hwang , Seong-Hoon Lim , Kwang-Won Kim , Son-Jin Choe , Byung-Moo Min , Joong-Ki Kook; J. Microbiol. 2005;43(2):204-208.; DOI: https://doi.org/2160 [pii]

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Abstract: The objective of this study was to both isolate and identify non-mutans streptococci organisms (non-MSO) from dental plaques recovered on mitis-salivarius sucrose bacitracin agar (MSB) plates. The dental plaque samples, which had been collected from 63 human subjects, were diluted and plated on MSB. The bacteria growing on the MSB plates were then identified with biochemical tests, as well as with 16S rDNA cloning and sequencing techniques. Our data indicated that bacteria from 30 subjects had been recovered on the MSB plates. Among the 21 typical colonies selected from the 30 subjects, 12 colonies, derived from 10 subjects, were identified as non-MSO. These 12 colonies were determined to be Streptococcus anginosus (8 colonies), S. sanguinis (1 colony), and Pantoea agglomerans (3 colonies). These results strongly suggest that a new selective medium will be required for the reliable isolation of mutans streptococci.

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