Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals the Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 and ST19 Lineages: Zhen-Xu Zhuo, Yu-Lian Feng, Xi-Wei Zhang, Hao Liu, Fang-Yin Zeng, Xiao-Yan Li; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(10):859-870. Published online November 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00170-9

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Abstract: Salmonella Typhimurium is an invasive gastrointestinal pathogen for both humans and animals. To investigate the genetic framework and diversity of S. Typhimurium, a total of 194 S. Typhimurium isolates were collected from patients in a tertiary hospital between 2020 and 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was used to confirm the resistance phenotype. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to determine the sequence type, phylogenetic relationships, resistance gene profiles, Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) and the diversity of the core and pan genome. The result showed that 57.22% of S. Typhimurium isolates were multidrug resistant and resistance of total isolates to the first-line drug ciprofloxacin was identified in 60.82%. The population structure of S. Typhimurium was categorized into three lineages: ST19 (20.10%, 39/194), ST34-1 (47.42%, 92/194) and ST34-2 (40.65%, 63/194), with the population size exhibiting increasing trends. All lineages harbored variety of fimbrial operons, prophages, SPIs and effectors that contributed to the virulence and long-term infections of S. Typhimurium. Importantly, ST34-1 lineage might potentially be more invasive due to the possession of SPI1-effector gene sopE which was essential for the proliferation, internalization and intracellular presence of S. Typhimurium in hosts. Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes were characteristically distributed across three lineages, especially carbapenem genes only detected in ST34-1&2 lineages. The distinct functional categories of pan genome among three lineages were observed in metabolism, signaling and gene information processing. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the evolved adaptation and genetic diversity of S. Typhimurium ST19 and ST34, among which ST34 lineages with multidrug resistance and potential hypervirulence need to pay more attention to epidemiological surveillance.

Genetically Engineered CLDN18.2 CAR-T Cells Expressing Synthetic PD1/CD28 Fusion Receptors Produced Using a Lentiviral Vector: Heon Ju Lee, Seo Jin Hwang, Eun Hee Jeong, Mi Hee Chang; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(7):555-568. Published online May 3, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00133-0

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Abstract: This study aimed to develop synthetic Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T (CAR-T) cells as a treatment for advanced gastric cancer using lentiviral vector genetic engineering technology that targets the CLDN18.2 antigen and simultaneously overcomes the immunosuppressive environment caused by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Synthetic CAR T cells are a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy but face many challenges in solid tumors. One of the major problems is immunosuppression caused by PD-1. CLDN18.2, a gastric-specific membrane protein, is considered a potential therapeutic target for gastric and other cancers. In our study, CLDN18.2 CAR was a second-generation CAR with inducible T-cell costimulatory (CD278), and CLDN18.2-PD1/CD28 CAR was a third-generation CAR, wherein the synthetic PD1/CD28 chimeric-switch receptor (CSR) was added to the second-generation CAR. In vitro, we detected the secretion levels of different cytokines and the killing ability of CAR-T cells. We found that the secretion of cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secreted by three types of CAR-T cells was increased, and the killing ability against CLDN18.2-positive GC cells was enhanced. In vivo, we established a xenograft GC model and observed the antitumor effects and off-target toxicity of CAR-T cells. These results support that synthetic anti-CLDN18.2 CAR-T cells have antitumor effect and anti-CLDN18.2-PD1/CD28 CAR could provide a promising design strategy to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cells in advanced gastric cancer.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Scorpion‑Derived Css54 Peptide Against Candida albicans: Jonggwan Park , Hyeongsun Kim , Da Dam Kang , Yoonkyung Park; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(2):101-112. Published online April 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00113-4

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Abstract

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is one of the most common opportunistic fungi worldwide, which is associated with a high mortality rate. Despite treatment, C. albicans remains the leading cause of life-threatening invasive infections. Consequently, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potential alternatives as antifungal agents with excellent antifungal activity. We previously reported that Css54, found in the venom of Centrurodies suffusus suffusus (C. s. suffusus) showed antibacterial activity against zoonotic bacteria. However, the antifungal activity of Css54 has not yet been elucidated. The obj!ective of this study was to identify the antifungal activity of Css54 against C. albicans and analyze its mechanism. Css54 showed high antifungal activity against C. albicans. Css54 also inhibited biofilm formation in fluconazole-resistant fungi. The antifungal mechanism of action of Css54 was investigated using membrane-related assays, including the membrane depolarization assay and analysis of the membrane integrity of C. albicans after treatment with Css54. Css54 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in C. albicans, which affected its antifungal activity. Our results indicate that Css54 causes membrane damage in C. albicans, highlighting its value as a potential therapeutic agent against C. albicans infection.

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Antimicrobial Potential of Scorpion-Venom-Derived Peptides
Zhiqiang Xia, Lixia Xie, Bing Li, Xiangyun Lv, Hongzhou Zhang, Zhijian Cao
Molecules.2024; 29(21): 5080. CrossRef
Synthetic Short Cryptic Antimicrobial Peptides as Templates for the Development of Novel Biotherapeutics Against WHO Priority Pathogen
Manjul Lata, Vrushti Telang, Pooja Gupta, Garima Pant, Mitra Kalyan, Jesu Arockiaraj, Mukesh Pasupuleti
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in a Mouse Model: Woon-ki Kim , You Jin Jang , SungJun Park , Sung-gyu Min , Heeun Kwon , Min Jung Jo , GwangPyo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(2):91-99. Published online February 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00104-5

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Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with repeated exacerbations of eczema and pruritus. Probiotics can prevent or treat AD appropriately via modulation of immune responses and gut microbiota. In this study, we evaluated effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) KBL409 using a house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae)-induced in vivo AD model. Oral administration of L. acidophilus KBL409 significantly reduced dermatitis scores and decreased infiltration of immune cells in skin tissues. L. acidophilus KBL409 reduced in serum immunoglobulin E and mRNA levels of T helper (Th)1 (Interferon-γ), Th2 (Interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-31), and Th17 (IL-17A) cytokines in skin tissues. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased and Foxp3 expression was up-regulated in AD-induced mice with L. acidophilus KBL409. Furthermore, L. acidophilus KBL409 significantly modulated gut microbiota and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and amino acids, which could explain its effects on AD. Our results suggest that L. acidophilus KBL409 is the potential probiotic for AD treatment by modulating of immune responses and gut microbiota of host.

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The Skin Histopathology of Pro- and Parabiotics in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis
Hun Hwan Kim, Se Hyo Jeong, Min Yeong Park, Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale, Abuyaseer Abusaliya, Jeong Doo Heo, Hyun Wook Kim, Je Kyung Seong, Tae Yang Kim, Jeong Woo Park, Byeong Soo Kim, Gon Sup Kim
Nutrients.2024; 16(17): 2903. CrossRef
Limosilactobacillus fermentum KBL674 Alleviates Vaginal Candidiasis
Sung Jae Jang, Eun Jung Jo, Cheonghoon Lee, Bo-Ram Cho, Yun Jeong Shin, Jun Soo Song, Woon-Ki Kim, Nanhee Lee, Hyungjin Lee, SungJun Park, GwangPyo Ko
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Editorial

Editorial] Bacterial Regulatory Mechanisms for the Control of Cellular Processes: Simple Organisms’ Complex Regulation: Jin-Won Lee; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(3):273-276. Published online April 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00036-6

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Abstract

Bacteria employ a diverse array of cellular regulatory mechanisms to successfully adapt and thrive in ever-changing environments, including but not limited to temperature changes, fluctuations in nutrient availability, the presence or absence of electron acceptors such as oxygen, the availability of metal ions crucial for enzyme activity, and the existence of antibiotics. Bacteria can virtually modulate any step of gene expression from transcr!ptional initiation to posttranslational modification of a protein for the control of cellular processes. Furthermore, one gene regulator often controls another in a complex gene regulatory network. Thus, it is not easy to fully understand the intricacies of bacterial regulatory mechanisms in various environments. In this special issue, while acknowledging the challenge of covering all aspects of bacterial regulatory mechanisms across diverse environments, seven review articles are included to provide insight into the recent progress in understanding such mechanisms from different perspectives: positive regulatory mechanisms by secondary messenger (cAMP receptor protein), two-component signal transduction mechanisms (Rcs and Cpx), diverse regulatory mechanisms by a specific environmental factor in specific bacteria (oxygen availability in Mycobacterium and manganese ion availability in Salmonella), diverse regulatory mechanisms by a specific environmental factor (temperature and antibiotics), and regulatory mechanisms by antibiotics in cell wall synthesis. Bacteria, as ubiquitous organisms that can be found in almost every environment, carry out complex cellular processes that allow them to survive and thrive in a variety of different conditions despite their small size and relative simplicity. One of the key factors that allows bacteria to carry out these complex processes is their ability to regulate gene expression through various mechanisms. Gene expression is a fundamental biological process by which the genetic information encoded in a gene is transcribed into an RNA molecule and subsequently translated into a functional gene product, often a protein. Furthermore, the activity levels of proteins may further be altered by posttranslational modification. Regulation of gene expression refers to the control of the amount and timing of gene expression, and thus it can be divided into transcr!ptional, translational, and posttranslational levels.

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The PhoBR two-component system upregulates virulence in Aeromonas dhakensis C4–1
Wei Feng, Xuesong Li, Nuo Yang, Lixia Fan, Guiying Guo, Jun Xie, Xiuqing Cai, Yuqi Meng, Jifeng Zeng, Yu Han, Jiping Zheng
Aquaculture.2025; 595: 741665. CrossRef
Molecular mechanisms of cold stress response in cotton: Transcriptional reprogramming and genetic strategies for tolerance
Washu Dev, Fahmida Sultana, Hongge Li, Daowu Hu, Zhen Peng, Shoupu He, Haobo Zhang, Muhammad Waqas, Xiaoli Geng, Xiongming Du
Plant Science.2025; 352: 112390. CrossRef
PhoPQ-mediated lipopolysaccharide modification governs intrinsic resistance to tetracycline and glycylcycline antibiotics in Escherichia coli
Byoung Jun Choi, Umji Choi, Dae-Beom Ryu, Chang-Ro Lee, Mehrad Hamidian, You-Hee Cho
mSystems.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Navigating the signaling landscape of Ralstonia solanacearum: a study of bacterial two-component systems
Mohit Yadav, Janhavi Sathe, Valentina Teronpi, Aditya Kumar
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Journal Articles

Characterization and bioefficacy of green nanosilver particles derived from fungicide-tolerant Tricho-fusant for efficient biocontrol of stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.): Darshna G. Hirpara , Harsukh P. Gajera , Disha D. Savaliya , Rushita V. Bhadani; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(11):1031-1043. Published online October 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1344-9

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Abstract

An efficient and eco-friendly bioefficacy of potent Trichofusant (Fu21) and its green nanosilver formulation against stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) in groundnut was established. Fu21 demonstrated higher in-vitro growth inhibition of pathogen with better fungicide tolerance than the parental strains. The green nanosilver particles were synthesized from the extracellular metabolites of Fu21 and characterized for shape (spherical, 59.34 nm in scanning electron microscope), purity (3.00 KeV, energy dispersive X-ray analysis), size (54.3 nm in particle size analyzer), and stability (53.7 mv, zeta). The field efficacy study exhibited that the seedling emergence was high in seeds treated with green nanosilver (minimum inhibitory concentration-[MIC] 20 μg Ag/ml), and a low disease severity index of stem rot during the crop growth was followed by the live antagonist (Fu21) in addition to seed treatment with a fungicide mix under pathogen infestation. The seed quality analysis of harvested pods revealed a high oil content with balanced fatty acid composition (3.10 oleic/linoleic acid ratio) in green nanosilver treatment under pathogen infestation. The residual analysis suggested that green nanosilver applied at the MIC level as seed treatment yielded similar effects as the control for silver residue in the harvested groundnut seeds. The green nanosilver at MIC has a high pod-yield under S. rolfsii infestation, demonstrating green chemistry and sustainability of the nanoproduct.

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Comparative impact of seed priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc sulphate on biocompatibility, zinc uptake, germination, seedling vitality, and antioxidant modulation in groundnut
M. N. Ashwini, H. P. Gajera, Darshna G. Hirpara, Disha D. Savaliya, U. K. Kandoliya
Journal of Nanoparticle Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Biotechnological trends and optimization of Arachis hypogaea residues valorization: A bibliometric analysis and comprehensive review
Oyetola Ogunkunle, Micheal Olusoji Olusanya
Bioresource Technology.2024; 414: 131585. CrossRef
Intracellular metabolomics and microRNAomics unveil new insight into the regulatory network for potential biocontrol mechanism of stress‐tolerant Tricho‐fusants interacting with phytopathogen Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc
Darshna G. Hirpara, Harsukh P. Gajera
Journal of Cellular Physiology.2023; 238(6): 1288. CrossRef
Antifungal Properties of Nanosilver Clay Composites Against Fungal Pathogens of Agaricus bisporus
Tebogo Levy Ramakutoane, Magaretha Petronella Roux‐van der Merwe, Jacqueline Badenhorst, Sreejarani Kesavan Pillai, Suprakas Sinha Ray
ChemistrySelect.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring conserved and novel MicroRNA-like small RNAs from stress tolerant Trichoderma fusants and parental strains during interaction with fungal phytopathogen Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
Darshna G. Hirpara, H.P. Gajera, Disha D. Savaliya, M.V. Parakhia
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.2023; 191: 105368. CrossRef
Biochemical and molecular depictions to develop ech42 gene-specific SCAR markers for recognition of chitinolytic Trichoderma inhibiting Macrophomina phaseolina (Maubl.) Ashby
H. P. Gajera, Darshna G. Hirpara, Disha D. Savaliya, M. V. Parakhia
Archives of Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Salicylic acid-functionalised chitosan nanoparticles restore impaired sucrose metabolism in the developing anther of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) under heat stress
Khyati R. Savani, H. P. Gajera, Darshna G. Hirpara, Disha D. Savaliya, U. K. Kandoliya, Honghong Wu
Functional Plant Biology.2023; 50(9): 736. CrossRef

[Protocol] Detecting Salmonella Type II flagella production by transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry: Yoontak Han , Eun-Jin Lee; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(4):245-251. Published online November 23, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9297-y

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Abstract

The bacterial flagellum is an appendage structure that provides a means for motility to promote survival in fluctuating environments. For the intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to survive within macrophages, flagellar gene expression must be tightly regulated, and thus, is controlled at multiple levels, including DNA recombination, transcription, post-transcription, protein synthesis, and assembly within host cells. To understand the contribution of flagella to Salmonella pathogenesis within the host, it is critical to detect flagella production within macrophages via microscopy. In this paper, we describe two methods for detecting bacterial flagella by microscopy both in vitro and in vivo infection models.

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A shared mechanism of multidrug resistance in laboratory-evolved uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Nakjun Choi, Eunna Choi, Yong-Joon Cho, Min Jung Kim, Hae Woong Choi, Eun-Jin Lee
Virulence.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
QseC regulates chemotaxis, biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in Aeromonas veronii TH0426
Luo-tao Tao, Lu Wang, Jing Xiong, Liang Chen, Ze-lin Zhao, Dong-xing Zhang, Lei Zhang, Wu-wen Sun, Xiao-feng Shan
Aquaculture.2024; 588: 740928. CrossRef
Salinicola avicenniae sp. nov., a Novel Gammaproteobacterium Isolated from Mangrove Plant, Avicennia marina, in Beibu Gulf, China
Wenquan Zhang, Danyun Ou, Yue Ni, Hao Huang, Weiwen Li, Lei Wang, Shunyang Chen, Guangcheng Chen
Current Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Etiological Survey and Traceability Analysis of a Foodborne Disease Outbreak of Salmonella Senftenberg in Guizhou Province
Qian Zhou, Yu-jing Zhong, Zhu-zhou Shan, Xue-xue Pan, Jing-yu Huang, Jing-shu Xiang, De-zhu Zhang, Wei-wei Li, Jun Li, Ying Liu, Shi-jun Li, Li Zhou
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2023; 20(8): 351. CrossRef
Sulfamethoxazole degradation by Pseudomonas silesiensis F6a isolated from bioelectrochemical technology-integrated constructed wetlands
Xiaohui Liu, Jing Chen, Ying Liu, Zhengfen Wan, Xiaochun Guo, Shaoyong Lu, Dongru Qiu
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2022; 240: 113698. CrossRef
Regulator of RNase E activity modulates the pathogenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium
Jaejin Lee, Eunkyoung Shin, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Jaeyoung Park, Sunwoo Kim, Minho Lee, Kangseok Lee
Microbial Pathogenesis.2022; 165: 105460. CrossRef
Regulator of ribonuclease activity modulates the pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus
Jaejin Lee, Eunkyoung Shin, Jaeyeong Park, Minho Lee, Kangseok Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(12): 1133. CrossRef

Effective mucosal live attenuated Salmonella vaccine by deleting phosphotransferase system component genes ptsI and crr: Yong Zhi , Shun Mei Lin , A-Yeung Jang , Ki Bum Ahn , Hyun Jung Ji , Hui-Chen Guo , Sangyong Lim , Ho Seong Seo; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(1):64-73. Published online October 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8416-0

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Abstract

Salmonella enterica is a major human pathogen that causes invasive non-typhoidal Salmonellosis (iNTS), resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Although a number of pre-clinical and clinical studies have reported on the feasibility of developing a safe and effective vaccine against iNTS, there have been no licensed Salmonella vaccines available to protect against NTS strains. Vaccine formulations of highest priority for NTS are live attenuated vaccines, which can elicit effective induction of intestinal mucosal and intracellular bacteria-specific cell mediated immune responses. Since glucose is crucial for intracellular survival and replication in host cells, we constructed strains with mutations in components of the glucose uptake system, called the phosphotransferase system (PTS), and compared the relative virulence and immune responses in mice. In this study, we found that the strain with mutations in both ptsI and crr (KST0556) was the most attenuated strain among the tested strains, and proved to be highly effective in inducing a mucosal immune response that can protect against NTS infections in mice. Thus, we suggest here that KST0556 (ΔptsIΔcrr) is a potential live vaccine candidate for NTS, and may also be a candidate for a live delivery vector for heterologous antigens. Moreover, since PTS is a well-conserved glucose transporter system in both Gramnegative and Gram-positive bacteria, the ptsI and crr genes may be potential targets for creating live bacterial vectors or vaccine strains.

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Attenuated mutants of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium mediate melanoma regression via an immune response
Genesy Pérez Jorge, Marco Gontijo, Marina Flóro e Silva, Isabella Carolina Rodrigues Dos Santos Goes, Yessica Paola Jaimes-Florez, Lilian de Oliveira Coser, Francisca Janaína Soares Rocha, Selma Giorgio, Marcelo Brocchi
Experimental Biology and Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Recent Advances in Oral Vaccines for Animals
Kaining Zhong, Xinting Chen, Junhao Zhang, Xiaoyu Jiang, Junhui Zhang, Minyi Huang, Shuilian Bi, Chunmei Ju, Yongwen Luo
Veterinary Sciences.2024; 11(8): 353. CrossRef
Study of the antibacterial properties of antimicrobial peptide MOp2 from Moringa oleifera seeds against S. aureus through transcriptomic techniques
Zhiyuan Huang, Wenming Dong, Lirong Zou, Qiong Zhao, Yang Tian, Aixiang Huang, Xuefeng Wang
LWT.2024; 191: 115636. CrossRef
EⅡB Mutation Reduces the Pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes by Negatively Regulating Biofilm Formation Ability, Infective Capacity, and Virulence Gene Expression
Caixia Liu, Ruixuan Qian, Weidi Shi, Lijun Kou, Jing Wang, Xun Ma, Huijie Ren, Shengjie Gao, Jingjing Ren
Veterinary Sciences.2024; 11(7): 301. CrossRef
Confirmation of Glucose Transporters through Targeted Mutagenesis and Transcriptional Analysis in Clostridium acetobutylicum
Kundi Zhang, Dandan Jiang, Wolfgang Liebl, Maofeng Wang, Lichuan Gu, Ziyong Liu, Armin Ehrenreich
Fermentation.2023; 9(1): 64. CrossRef
Tandem mass tag-based proteomics technology provides insights into multi-targeted mechanism of peptide MOp2 from Moringa oleifera seeds against Staphylococcus aureus
Zhiyuan Huang, Wenming Dong, Jiangping Fan, Yang Tian, Aixiang Huang, Xuefeng Wang
LWT.2023; 178: 114617. CrossRef
A highly-safe live auxotrophic vaccine protecting against disease caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella Typhimurium in mice
Patricia García, Miriam Moscoso, Víctor Fuentes-Valverde, M. Rosario Rodicio, Silvia Herrera-León, Germán Bou
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection.2023; 56(2): 324. CrossRef
Effect of Antibiotics on the Colonization of Live Attenuated Salmonella Enteritidis Vaccine in Chickens
Jiangang Hu, Chuanyan Che, Jiakun Zuo, Xiangpeng Niu, Zhihao Wang, Liyan Lian, Yuanzheng Jia, Haiyang Zhang, Tao Zhang, Fangheng Yu, Saqib Nawaz, Xiangan Han
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Secretory System Components as Potential Prophylactic Targets for Bacterial Pathogens
Wieslaw Swietnicki
Biomolecules.2021; 11(6): 892. CrossRef
Regulator of ribonuclease activity modulates the pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus
Jaejin Lee, Eunkyoung Shin, Jaeyeong Park, Minho Lee, Kangseok Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(12): 1133. CrossRef
Development of Oxytolerant Salmonella typhimurium Using Radiation Mutation Technology (RMT) for Cancer Therapy
Shuang Gao, Jong-Hyun Jung, Shun-Mei Lin, A-Yeung Jang, Yong Zhi, Ki Bum Ahn, Hyun-Jung Ji, Jae Hyang Lim, Huichen Guo, Hyon E. Choy, Sangyong Lim, Ho Seong Seo
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Transporters of glucose and other carbohydrates in bacteria
Jean-Marc Jeckelmann, Bernhard Erni
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology.2020; 472(9): 1129. CrossRef
ptsI gene in the phosphotransfer system is a potential target for developing a live attenuated Salmonella vaccine
Yong Zhi, Shun Lin, Ki Ahn, Hyun Ji, Hui‑Chen Guo, Sangryeol Ryu, Ho Seo, Sangyong Lim
International Journal of Molecular Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

NOTE] Assessment of Conjugal Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Salmonella Typhimurium Exposed to Bile Salts: Xinlong He , Juhee Ahn; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(8):716-719. Published online April 11, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3340-9

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Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the transfer potential of antibiotic resistance genes in antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium (S. TyphimuriumR) in the presence of bile salts. The resistance of S. TyphimuriumR to ampicillin, kanamycin, and tetracycline was increased by 64-, 64-, and 512-fold, respectively. The highest transfer frequency from S. TyphimuriumR to Escherichia coli was observed at the bile salt concentration of 160 μg/ml (3.8 × 10-3 transferrants/cells). The expression of traJ and traY was suppressed in S. TyphimuriumR by bile salt. This study provides useful information for understanding the conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in S. Typhimurium under intestinal conditions.

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Effects and mechanisms of plant growth regulators on horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes through plasmid-mediated conjugation
Hui Zhao, Xiangyu Liu, Yulong Sun, Juan Liu, Michael Gatheru Waigi
Chemosphere.2023; 318: 137997. CrossRef
Augmented dissemination of antibiotic resistance elicited by non-antibiotic factors
Shuyao Zhu, Bingqing Yang, Zhiqiang Wang, Yuan Liu
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2023; 262: 115124. CrossRef
Functional Characterisation of Bile Metagenome: Study of Metagenomic Dark Matter
Carlos Sabater, Natalia Molinero, Manuel Ferrer, Carmen María García Bernardo, Susana Delgado, Abelardo Margolles
Microorganisms.2021; 9(11): 2201. CrossRef
Variation of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coliO157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes after exposure to acid, salt, and cold stress
Il‐Byeong Kang, Kun‐Ho Seo
Journal of Food Safety.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Distinguishing Effects of Ultraviolet Exposure and Chlorination on the Horizontal Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Municipal Wastewater
Mei-Ting Guo, Qing-Bin Yuan, Jian Yang
Environmental Science & Technology.2015; 49(9): 5771. CrossRef

Effect of Salmonella Treatment on an Implanted Tumor (CT26) in a Mouse Model: Misun Yun , SangO Pan , Sheng- Nan Jiang , Vu Hong Nguyen , Seung-Hwan Park , Che-Hun Jung , Hyung-Seok Kim , Jung-Joon Min , Hyon E. Choy , Yeongjin Hong; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(3):502-510. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2090-9

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Abstract: The use of bacteria has contributed to recent advances in targeted cancer therapy especially for its tumor-specific accumulation and proliferation. In this study, we investigated the molecular events following bacterial therapy using an attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium defective in ppGpp synthesis (ΔppGpp), by analyzing those proteins differentially expressed in tumor tissues from treated and untreated mice. CT26 murine colon cancer cells were implanted in BALB/c mice and allowed to form tumors. The tumor-bearing mice were treated with the attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium. Tumor tissues were analyzed by 2D-PAGE. Fourteen differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. The analysis revealed that cytoskeletal components, including vimentin, drebrin-like protein, and tropomyosinalpha 3, were decreased while serum proteins related to heme or iron metabolism, including transferrin, hemopexin, and haptoglobin were increased. Subsequent studies revealed that the decrease in cytoskeletal components occurred at the transcriptional level and that the increase in heme and iron metabolism proteins occurred in liver. Most interestingly, the same pattern of increased expression of transferrin, hemopexin, and haptoglobin was observed following radiotherapy at the dosage of 14 Gy.

Expression of c-Myc Is Related to Host Cell Death Following Salmonella typhimurium Infection in Macrophage: Jihyoun Seong , Hong Hua Piao , Phil Yeoul Ryu , Youn Uck Kim , Hyon E Choy , Yeongjin Hong; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(2):214-219. Published online May 2, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0308-7

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Abstract: It has been known that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) induced by the binding of c-Myc to odc gene is closely linked to cell death. Here, we investigated the relationship between their expressions and cell death in macrophage cells following treatment with Salmonella typhimurium or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ODC expression was increased by bacteria or LPS and repressed by inhibitors against mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. In contrast, c-Myc protein level was increased after treatment with bacteria, but not by treatment with LPS or heat-killed bacteria although both bacteria and LPS increased the levels of c-myc mRNA to a similar extent. c-Myc protein level is dependent upon bacterial invasion because treatment with cytochalasin D (CCD), inhibitors of endocytosis, decreased c-Myc protein level. The cell death induced by bacteria was significantly decreased after treatment of CCD or c-Myc inhibitor, indicating that cell death by S. typhimurium infection is related to c-Myc, but not ODC. Consistent with this conclusion, treatment with bacteria mutated to host invasion did not increase c-Myc protein level and cell death rate. Taken together, it is suggested that induction of c-Myc by live bacterial infection is directly related to host cell death.

Initial Characterization of yliH in Salmonella typhimurium: Kyung-Hwa Park , Miryung Song , Hyon E. Choy; J. Microbiol. 2007;45(6):558-565.; DOI: https://doi.org/2608 [pii]

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Abstract: Using microarray analysis, we determined those Salmonella genes induced at the entry of stationary phase, and subsequently discovered that uncharacterized yliH was induced most dramatically. We set out to establish the molecular mechanism underlying the stationary phase induction of yliH under the standard culture condition, LB with vigorous aeration, by analyzing its promoter activity in various mutant backgrounds, lacking stationary phase σ, RpoS-, or stringent signal molecules ppGpp, ΔrelA ΔspoT. It was found that the stationary phase induction of yliHp was partially dependent on rpoS but entirely dependent on ppGpp. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the Salmonella yliH gene is composed of 381 base-pair nucleotides, with overall amino acid sequence revealing 76.38% amino acid identity and 88.98% similarity with Escherichia coli yliH, although no motif from data base was noted for its possible role. Recently however, it has been reported that yliH in E. coli was implicated in biofilm formation and motility by repressing these activities (Domka et al., 2006). We have constructed a mutant Salmonella deleting yliH gene by allele replacement and examined its phenotype, and found that the yliH in Salmonella more or less affects motility and adherence by enhancing these activities. The effect on biofilm formation in Salmonella was uncertain. Moreover, addition of cloned yliH of E. coli into Salmonella did not reduce motility or adherence. Taken together, it appears that the pathways implicating yliH for biofilm formation and motility in E. coli and in Salmonella are somewhat different.

Identification of Genes Differentially Expressed in RAW264.7 Cells Infected by Salmonella typhimurium Using PCR Method: Kyung Ho Kang , Jung A Song , Dong-Jun Shin , Hyon E Choy , Yeongjin Hong; J. Microbiol. 2007;45(1):29-33.; DOI: https://doi.org/2495 [pii]

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Abstract: Salmonella typhimurium, causing mouse typhoid, infects hosts such as macrophage cells, and proliferates in intracellular vacuoles causing infected cells to trigger numerous genes to respond against the infection. In this study, we tried to identify such genes in RAW264.7 cells by using the PCR screening method with degenerate primers. Fourteen genes were found to be differentially expressed after a 4 h infection in which the expression of 8 genes increased while expression of the others decreased. Most of the genes were involved in proinflammatory responses such as cytokines production and cell death. The mutation in msbB gene encoding the myristoyl transferase in lipid A of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in much lower toxicity to the inoculated animals. We compared the expression of the identified genes in wild-type and msbB-mutated S. typhimurium infections and found that Lyzs encoding lysozyme type M was differentially expressed. This gene is quite likely to be related to bacterial survival in the host cells.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Large Subunit of Salmonella typhimurium Glutamate Synthase (GOGAT) Gene in Escherichia coli: Tae-Wook Chung , Dong-Ick Lee , Dong-Soo Kim , Un-Ho Jin , Chun Park , Jong-Guk Kim , Min-Gon Kim , Sang-Do Ha , Keun-Sung Kim , Kyu-Ho Lee , Kwang-Yup Kim , Duck Hwa Chung , Cheorl-Ho Kim; J. Microbiol. 2006;44(3):301-310.; DOI: https://doi.org/2382 [pii]

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Abstract: Two pathways of ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis have been identified in microorganisms. One pathway involves the NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the amination of 2-oxoglutarate to form glutamate. An alternative pathway involves the combined activities of glutamine synthetase, which aminates glutamate to form glutamine, and glutamate synthase, which transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to yield two molecules of glutamate. We have cloned the large subunit of the glutamate synthase (GOGAT) from Salmonella typhimurium by screening the expression of GOGAT and complementing the gene in E. coli GOGAT large subunit-deficient mutants. Three positive clones (named pUC19C12, pUC19C13 and pUC19C15) contained identical <br>Sau3AI fragments, as determined by restriction mapping and Southern hybridization, and expressed GOGAT efficiently and constitutively using its own promoter in the heterologous host. The coding region expressed in Escherichia coli was about 170 kDa on SDS-PAGE. This gene spans 4,732 bases, contains an open reading frame of 4,458 nucleotides, and encodes a mature protein of 1,486 amino acid residues (Mr = 166,208). The FMN-binding domain of GOGAT contains 12 glycine residues, and the 3Fe-4S cluster has 3 cysteine residues. The comparison of the translated amino acid sequence of the Salmonella GOGAT with sequences from other bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia pestis, Vibrio vulnificus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows sequence identity between 87 and 95%.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of CMCase gene (celC) from Salmonella typhimurium UR: Ju-Soon Yoo , Youn-Ju Jung , Soo-Yeol Chung , Young-Choon Lee , Yong-Lark Choi; J. Microbiol. 2004;42(3):205-210.; DOI: https://doi.org/2088 [pii]

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Abstract: The sequence coding for carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase, CelC) was isolated from the DNA of Salmonella typhimurium UR1. Comparison between the deduced amino acid sequence of CelC (368 amino acid residues, Molecular mass 41 kDa) and that of the previously published CMCase revealed that this enzyme belongs to the cellulase family 8 and D. The protein was overproduced in Escherichia coli using T7 expression system, and its activity was confirmed by CMC-SDS-PAGE. When the overexpressed CelC protein was tested on cellulose-type substrates, the recombinant protein is able to degrade cellulose-type substrates, such as CM-cellulose, xylan, avicel, lichenan, and laminarin. Optimal temperature and pH for enzyme activity were found to be 50^oC and pH 6.5, respectively.

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