Journal of Microbiology

Review

Trans-acting regulators of ribonuclease activity: Jaejin Lee , Minho Lee , Kangseok Lee; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(4):341-359. Published online March 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0650-6

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RNA metabolism needs to be tightly regulated in response to changes in cellular physiology. Ribonucleases (RNases) play an essential role in almost all aspects of RNA metabolism, including processing, degradation, and recycling of RNA molecules. Thus, living systems have evolved to regulate RNase activity at multiple levels, including transcription, post-transcription, post-translation, and cellular localization. In addition, various trans-acting regulators of RNase activity have been discovered in recent years. This review focuses on the physiological roles and underlying mechanisms of trans-acting regulators of RNase activity.

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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Flagellar-Associated Genes in Salmonella Typhimurium and Its rnc Mutant
Seungmok Han, Ji-Won Byun, Minho Lee
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Insights into the metabolism, signaling, and physiological effects of 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotide monophosphates in bacteria
Nick J. Marotta, Emily E. Weinert
Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2023; 58(2-6): 118. CrossRef
Relaxed Cleavage Specificity of Hyperactive Variants of Escherichia coli RNase E on RNA I
Dayeong Bae, Hana Hyeon, Eunkyoung Shin, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Kangseok Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(2): 211. CrossRef
Regulator of RNase E activity modulates the pathogenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium
Jaejin Lee, Eunkyoung Shin, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Jaeyoung Park, Sunwoo Kim, Minho Lee, Kangseok Lee
Microbial Pathogenesis.2022; 165: 105460. CrossRef

Journal Articles

Extracellular products-mediated interspecific interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli: Yang Yuan , Jing Li , Jiafu Lin , Wenjuan Pan , Yiwen Chu , Balakrishnan Prithiviraj , Yidong Guo , Xinrong Wang , Kelei Zhao; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(1):29-40. Published online December 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0478-0

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Abstract

The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa adopts several elaborate strategies to colonize a wide range of natural or clinical niches and to overcome the neighboring bacterial competitors in polymicrobial communities. However, the relationship and interaction mechanism of P. aeruginosa with other bacterial pathogens remains largely unexplored. Here we explore the interaction dynamics of P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, which frequently coinfect the lungs of immunocompromised hosts, by using a series of on-plate proximity assays and RNA-sequencing. We show that the extracellular products of P. aeruginosa can inhibit the growth of neighboring E. coli and induce a large-scale of transcriptional reprogramming of E. coli, especially in terms of cellular respiration- related primary metabolisms and membrane components. In contrast, the presence of E. coli has no significant effect on the growth of P. aeruginosa in short-term culture, but causes a dysregulated expression of genes positively controlled by the quorum-sensing (QS) system of P. aeruginosa during subsequent pairwise culture. We further demonstrate that the divergent QS-regulation of P. aeruginosa may be related to the function of the transcriptional regulator PqsR, which can be enhanced by E. coli culture supernatant to increase the pyocyanin production by P. aeruginosa in the absence of the central las-QS system. Moreover, the extracellular products of E. coli promote the proliferation and lethality of P. aeruginosa in infecting the Caenorhabditis elegans model. The current study provides a general characterization of the extracellular products-mediated interactions between P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and may facilitate the understanding of polymicrobial infections.

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Pigments from pathogenic bacteria: a comprehensive update on recent advances
Kusumita Acharya, Swarna Shaw, Sudipta Paul Bhattacharya, Shatarupa Biswas, Suman Bhandary, Arijit Bhattacharya
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Selective detection of two bacterial species in a single collision system targeting metabolic products
Jun Lin, Qingwen Wang, Huike Tian, Qing Xin, Dong Zhang
Microchemical Journal.2024; 206: 111572. CrossRef
Effect of the Type VI Secretion System Secreted Protein Hcp on the Virulence of Aeromonas salmonicida
Hongyan Cai, Jiaying Yu, Ying Qiao, Ying Ma, Jiang Zheng, Mao Lin, Qingpi Yan, Lixing Huang
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Description of a novel pectin-degrading bacterial species Prevotella pectinovora sp. nov., based on its phenotypic and genomic traits: Brigita Nograsek , Tomaz Accetto , Lijana Fanedl , Gorazd Avgustin; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(8):503-510. Published online July 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5142-0

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Abstract

Five strictly anaerobic Gram-negative bacterial strains, P4-65, P4-76T, P5-60, P5-119, and P5-125, presumably belonging to the genus Prevotella were isolated from pig fecal samples. Strains were tested for various phenotypic traits and nearcomplete genome sequences were obtained and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and multilocus sequence analysis based on five conserved genes confirmed that the strains belong to the genus Prevotella, revealing that they represent a novel and discrete lineage distinct from other known species of this genus. The size of the genome of the isolated strains is 3?.3 Mbp, and the DNA G+C content is 47.5?8.1 mol%. The isolates are strictly anaerobic, rod-shaped with rounded ends, non-motile and non-spore-forming. The main fermentation products are succinate and acetate, with minor concentrations of isovalerate, propionate and isobutyrate. Hydrogen is also produced. Major cellular fatty acids consist of anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0, and a number of additional acids are present in lower concentrations. A substantial portion of genes involved in carbohydrate utilization is devoted to pectin degradation and utilization, while those supporting growth on xylan in ruminal Prevotella could not have been revealed. On the basis of the presented results, a novel species, Prevotella pectinovora sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P4-76T (=DSM 29996T =ZIM B1020T).

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Pengxiang Xue, Mingming Xue, Yabiao Luo, Qiguo Tang, Feng Wang, Ruiping Sun, Yanxia Song, Zhe Chao, Meiying Fang
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Contribution of pectin-degrading bacteria to the quality of cigar fermentation: an analysis based on microbial communities and physicochemical components
Youbo Su, Yonghe Cui, Kejian Fu, Lingduo Bu, Yucui Sun, Qi Zhou, Yuming Yin, Yulong Sun, Huating Yang, Lang Wu, Xueru Song
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Sathya Sujani, Claire B Gleason, Barbara R dos Reis, Robin R White
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Tongqing Guo, Zhi Lan Wang, Long Guo, Fadi Li, Fei Li
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Devin B. Holman, Katherine E. Gzyl, Kathy T. Mou, Heather K. Allen, Paul D. Cotter
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Chunhe Gu, Hafiz A. R. Suleria, Frank R. Dunshea, Kate Howell
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Dan Li, Xihong Liang, Zhengwei Li, Yao Jin, Rongqing Zhou, Chongde Wu
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Minseok Kim, Jung-Im Yun, Seung-Gun Won, Kyu-Hyun Park
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Peili Shi, Yuxiu Zhang, Zhenqi Hu, Kang Ma, Hao Wang, Tuanyao Chai
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

In vitro effects of N-acetyl cysteine alone and in combination with antibiotics on Prevotella intermedia: Ji-Hoi Moon , Eun-Young Jang , Kyu Sang Shim , Jin-Yong Lee; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(5):321-329. Published online May 3, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4500-2

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Abstract

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant that possesses anti-inflammatory activities in tissues. In the field of dentistry, NAC was demonstrated to prevent the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators in phagocytic cells and gingival fibroblasts during the inflammatory process, but the effect of NAC on oral pathogens has been rarely studied. Here, we examined the effect of NAC against planktonic and biofilm cells of Prevotella intermedia, a major oral pathogen. NAC showed antibacterial activity against the planktonic P. intermedia with MIC value of 3 mg/ml and significantly decreased biofilm formation by the bacterium even at sub MIC. NAC did not affect the antibiotic susceptibility of planktonic P. intermedia, showing indifference (fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.5?) results against the bacterium in combination with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline or metronidazole. On the other hand, viability of the pre-established bacterial biofilm exposed to the antibiotics except metronidazole was increased in the presence of NAC. Collectively, NAC may be used for prevention of the biofilm formation by P. intermedia rather than eradication of the pre-established bacterial biofilm. Further studies are required to explore antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of NAC against mixed population of oral bacteria and its modulatory effect on antibiotics used for oral infectious diseases.

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Elizabeth R. May, Katherine A. Conklin, David A. Bemis
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Antibacterial effects of N-acetylcysteine against endodontic pathogens
Ji-Hoi Moon, Young-Suk Choi, Hyeon-Woo Lee, Jung Sun Heo, Seok Woo Chang, Jin-Yong Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2016; 54(4): 322. CrossRef
In Vitro Effects of Polyphosphate against Prevotella intermedia in Planktonic Phase and Biofilm
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Immunoprophylactic Effects of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes) against Bordetella bronchiseptica in Mice: Bock-Gie Jung , Jin-A Lee , Bong-Joo Lee; J. Microbiol. 2012;50(6):1003-1008. Published online December 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2365-1

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Abstract: Antimicrobials are used as feed additives to improve growth performance and to prevent subclinical disease challenge in industrial animals. However, these drugs can lead to the development of resistant strains of bacteria. Shiitake mushrooms (SM) (Lentinula edodes) have long been popular as a health food in East Asia. Moreover, SM-derived polysaccharides are well-known as immunostimulants that possess antimicrobial properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunoprophylactic effects of SM against Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in mice as an initial step towards the development of eco-friendly feed additives to reduce the use of antimicrobials. Although SM had no effect on body weight gain under the un-infected conditions, SM alleviated progressive weight loss and helped in the recovery of body weight in B. bronchiseptica infected mice. Dietary supplementation with SM reinforced bacterial clearance in the infected mice. Of note, SM markedly increased the percentage of various T lymphocytes and the relative mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in the bronchial lymph node early in the infection. Taken together, these findings suggest that SM could help in the improvement of body weight gain during B. bronchiseptica infection and may enhance the protective immune activity against a subclinical disease challenge, such as B. bronchiseptica infection in mice, probably by a strong stimulation of non-specific immune responses. Hence, SM may provide an alternative to reduce use of antimicrobials. Confirmation of the beneficial effects of SM as a feed additive is now required in industrial animals.

Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of a Bacterial Strain, Serratia sp. EML-SE1 against Diamondback Moth: Hyung Uk Jeong , Hye Yeon Mun , Hyung Keun Oh , Seung Bum Kim , Kwang Yeol Yang , Iksoo Kim , Hyang Burm Lee; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(4):541-545. Published online August 20, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0221-9

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Abstract: To identify novel bioinsecticidal agents, a bacterial strain, Serratia sp. EML-SE1, was isolated from a dead larva of the lepidopteran diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) collected from a cabbage field in Korea. In this study, the insecticidal activity of liquid cultures in Luria-Bertani broth (LBB) and nutrient broth (NB) of a bacterial strain, Serratia sp. EML-SE1 against thirty 3rd and 4th instar larvae of the diamondback moth was investigated on a Chinese cabbage leaf housed in a round plastic cage (Ø 10×6 cm). 72 h after spraying the cabbage leaf with LBB and NB cultures containing the bacterial strain, the mortalities of the larvae were determined to be 91.7% and 88.3%, respectively. In addition, the insecticidal activity on potted cabbage containing 14 leaves in a growth cage (165×83×124 cm) was found to be similar to that of the plastic cage experiment. The results of this study provided valuable information on the insecticidal activity of the liquid culture of a Serratia species against the diamondback moth.

Cotesia plutellae Bracovirus Suppresses Expression of an Antimicrobial Peptide, Cecropin, in the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella, Challenged by Bacteria: Karen P. Barandoc , Jaehyun Kim , Yonggyun Kim; J. Microbiol. 2010;48(1):117-123. Published online March 11, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-9261-3

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Abstract: An endoparasitoid wasp, Cotesia plutellae, induces significant immunosuppression of host insect, Plutella xylostella. This study was focused on suppression in humoral immune response of P. xylostella parasitized by C. plutellae. An EST database of P. xylostella provided a putative cecropin gene (PxCec) which is 627 bp long and encodes 66 amino acids. A signal peptide (22 amino acids) is predicted and two putative O-glycosylation sites in threonine are located at positions 58 and 64. Without bacterial infection, PxCec was expressed in pupa and adult stages but not in the egg and larval stages. Upon bacterial challenge, however, the larvae expressed PxCec as early as 3 h post infection (PI) and maintained high expression levels at 12-24 h PI. By 48 h PI, its expression noticeably diminished. All tested tissues of bacteria-infected P. xylostella showed PxCec expression. However, other microbes, such as virus and fungus, did not induce the PxCec expression. Parasitization by C. plutellae suppressed the expression of PxCec in response to bacterial challenge. Among the parasitic factors of C. plutellae, its symbiotic virus (C. plutellae bracovirus: CpBV) alone was able to inhibit the expression of PxCec of P. xylostella challenged by bacteria. These results indicate that PxCec expression is regulated by both immune and developmental processes in P. xylostella. The parasitization by C. plutellae inhibited the expression of PxCec by the wasp’s symbiotic virus.

Journal Article

Molecular Identification of Fecal Pollution Sources in Water Supplies by Host-Specific Fecal DNA Markers and Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Profiles of 16S rRNA Gene: Ju-Yong Jeong , Kyung-Ik Gil , Kyong-Hee Lee , Jong-Ok Ka; J. Microbiol. 2008;46(6):599-607. Published online December 24, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0174-3

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Abstract: Specific fecal DNA markers were investigated for major pollution sources, cow, human, and pig, and occurrence of the identified markers was analyzed in river waters using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) techniques and sequencing of 16S rDNA of Bacteroides-Prevotella. The unique and specific DNA markers for cow and human were identified as a 222 bp and 60 bp peak in HaeIII T-RFLP profiles, respectively, and the pig-specific marker was not identified but the unique T-RFLP profile of pig could be used as a substitution. Human-specific marker was detected in most of the river waters tested (92.1%) and T-RFLP profiles of river waters were shown to be similar to those of human feces. Cluster analysis of T-RFLP data showed that the fecal sources were multiple (human plus cow and human plus dairy cow) in most of the river waters. The phylogenetic analysis for the clones recovered from the fecal and water samples showed that the clones from cow formed a discreet cluster from those of other sources. The other clones from human, pig, and river water formed two groups all together. The results of this study could be used to identify and control the fecal pollution source in the bodies of water in Korea.

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