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Korean Red ginseng enhances ZBP1-mediated cell death to suppress viral protein expression in host defense against Influenza A virus
Jueun Oh, Hayeon Kim, Jihye Lee, Suhyun Kim, Seyun Shin, Young-Eui Kim, Sehee Park, SangJoon Lee
J. Microbiol. 2025;63(1):e.2409007.   Published online January 24, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2409007
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material

Korean Red ginseng has emerged as a potent candidate in the fight against various viral infections, demonstrating significant efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, particularly against influenza A viruses. Despite substantial evidence of its antiviral properties, the detailed molecular mechanisms through which it reduces viral lethality remain insufficiently understood. Our investigations have highlighted the superior effectiveness of Korean Red ginseng against influenza viruses, outperforming its effects on numerous other viral strains. We aim to uncover the specific mechanisms by which Korean Red ginseng exerts its antiviral effects, focusing on influenza A viruses. Our prior studies have identified the role of Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), a signaling complex involved in inducing programmed cell death in response to influenza virus infection. Given the critical role of ZBP1 as a sensor for viral nucleic acid, we hypothesize that Korean Red ginseng may modulate the ZBP1-derived cell death pathway. This interaction is anticipated to enhance cell death while concurrently suppressing viral protein expression, offering novel insights into the antiviral mechanism of Korean Red ginseng against influenza A viruses.

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Requirement of the N-terminal residues of human cytomegalovirus UL112-113 proteins for viral growth and oriLyt-dependent DNA replication
Young-Eui Kim , Mi Young Park , Kyeong Jin Kang , Tae Hee Han , Chan Hee Lee , Jin-Hyun Ahn
J. Microbiol. 2015;53(8):561-569.   Published online July 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5301-3
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AbstractAbstract
The UL112-113 region of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome encodes four phosphoproteins of 34, 43, 50, and 84 kDa that promote viral DNA replication. Co-transfection assays have demonstrated that self-interaction of these proteins via the shared N-termini is necessary for their intranuclear distribution as foci and for the efficient relocation of a viral DNA polymerase processivity factor (UL44) to the viral replication sites. However, the requirement of UL112- 113 N-terminal residues for viral growth and DNA replication has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effect of deletion of the N-terminal regions of UL112- 113 proteins on viral growth and oriLyt-dependent DNA replication. A deletion of the entire UL112 region or the region encoding the 25 N-terminal amino-acid residues from the HCMV (Towne strain) bacmid impaired viral growth in bacmid-transfected human fibroblast cells, indicating their requirement for viral growth. In co-immunoprecipitation assays using the genomic gene expressing the four UL112- 113 proteins together, the 25 N-terminal amino-acid residues were found to be necessary for stable expression of UL112- 113 proteins and their self-interaction. These residues were also required for efficient binding to and relocation of UL44, but not for interaction with IE2, an origin-binding transcription factor. In co-transfection/replication assays, replication of the oriLyt-containing plasmid was promoted by expression of intact UL112-113 proteins, but not by the expression of 25-amino-acid residue-deleted proteins. Our
results
demonstrate that the 25 N-terminal amino-acid residues of UL112-113 proteins that mediate self-interaction contribute to viral growth by promoting their binding to UL44 and the initiation of oriLyt-dependent DNA replication.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Insights into the Transcriptome of Human Cytomegalovirus: A Comprehensive Review
    Janine Zeng, Di Cao, Shaomin Yang, Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan, Xiaolian Liu, Songbin Wu, Ruth Cruz-Cosme, Qiyi Tang, Hua Zhu
    Viruses.2023; 15(8): 1703.     CrossRef
  • The human cytomegalovirus decathlon: Ten critical replication events provide opportunities for restriction
    Declan L. Turner, Rommel A. Mathias
    Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Degradation of SAMHD1 Restriction Factor Through Cullin-Ring E3 Ligase Complexes During Human Cytomegalovirus Infection
    Seokhwan Hyeon, Myoung Kyu Lee, Young-Eui Kim, Gwang Myeong Lee, Jin-Hyun Ahn
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Primary lymphocyte infection models for KSHV and its putative tumorigenesis mechanisms in B cell lymphomas
    Sangmin Kang, Jinjong Myoung
    Journal of Microbiology.2017; 55(5): 319.     CrossRef
  • Differential Requirement of Human Cytomegalovirus UL112-113 Protein Isoforms for Viral Replication
    Tim Schommartz, Jiajia Tang, Rebekka Brost, Wolfram Brune, Klaus Frueh
    Journal of Virology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef

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