The growing use of immunosuppressive therapies has resulted
in a dramatic increased incidence of invasive fungal
infections (IFIs) caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, a common
pathogen, and is also associated with a high mortality rate.
Azoles are the primary guideline-recommended therapy agents
for first-line treatment and prevention of IFIs. However,
increased azole usage in medicinal and agricultural settings
has caused azole-resistant isolates to repeatedly emerge in
the environment, resulting in a significant threat to human
health. In this review, we present and summarize current
research on the resistance mechanisms of azoles in A. fumigatus
as well as efficient susceptibility testing methods. Moreover,
we analyze and discuss the putative clinical (bedside)
indication of these findings from bench work.
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