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Physiological roles of catalases Cat1 and Cat2 in Myxococcus xanthus
Kimura Yoshio , Yuri Yoshioka , Kie Toshikuni
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(12):1168-1177.   Published online October 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2277-7
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Catalases are key antioxidant enzymes in aerobic organisms. Myxococcus xanthus expresses two monofunctional catalases, small-subunit Cat1 and large-subunit Cat2. The Km of H2O2 for recombinant Cat1 and Cat2 were 14.0 and 9.0 mM, respectively, and the catalytic efficiency of Cat2 (kcat/Km = 500 sec-1 mM-1) was 4-fold higher than that of Cat1. The activity ratio of Cat1 to Cat2 in the exponential growth phase of M. xanthus was 1 to 3–4. A Cat1-deficient strain was constructed, whereas a Cat2-deficient strain could not be produced. In H2O2-supplemented medium, the cat1 mutant exhibited marked growth retardation and a longer generation time than the wild-type (wt) strain. After 2 h of incubation in 0.5 mM H2O2-supplemented medium, the catalase activity of the wt strain significantly increased (by 64-fold), but that of the cat1 mutant strain did not. Under starvation-induced developmental conditions, catalase activity was induced by approximately 200-fold in both wt and cat1 strains, although in the mutant the activity increase as well as spore formation occurred one day later, indicating that the induction of catalase activity during starvation was due to Cat2. In wt starved cells, catalase activity was not induced by H2O2. These results suggest that Cat2 is the primary housekeeping catalase during M. xanthus growth and starvation-induced development, whereas Cat1 may have a complementary role, being responsible for the rapid degradation of H2O2 in proliferating vegetative cells subjected to oxidative stress.

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  • Global copper response of the soil bacterial predator Myxococcus xanthus and its contribution to antibiotic cross-resistance
    Francisco Javier Marcos-Torres, Juana Pérez, David Torrens-González, Miguel Ángel García-Pedrosa, Francisco Javier Contreras-Moreno, Aurelio Moraleda-Muñoz
    Microbiological Research.2026; 302: 128357.     CrossRef
  • Glutathione Plays a Significant Role in the Growth, Oxidative Stress Response, and Sporulation in Myxococcus xanthus
    Yoshio Kimura, Kie Toshikuni, Misaki Okada
    Current Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The APSES transcription factor Swi6B upregulates CATALASE 1 transcription to enhance oxidative stress tolerance of Ganoderma lucidum
    Lingshuai Wang, Lingyan Shi, Shuhan Zhang, Jiping Ma, Cheng Zhang, Huhui Chen, Mingwen Zhao, Yvonne Nygård
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Toxic effects of anionic polyacrylamide on the developmental stages of Oryzias melastigma embryos and larvae
    Xinya Zhao, Jiangwei Zan, Zhaohui Sun, Xiangping Xue, Hai Ren, Huiru Fu, Fei Si, Xiaomin Jin
    Aquatic Toxicology.2025; 284: 107402.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Vibrio harveyi and oligochitosan non-specific immune response of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) supplementation
    Lixin Ma, Zhilong Chen, Hao Zhao, Xiaomin Zheng, Yutao Li, Zhendong Qin, Li Lin, Fei Shi
    Aquaculture International.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Myxococcus xanthus for active matter studies: a tutorial for its growth and potential applications
    Jesus Manuel Antúnez Domínguez, Laura Pérez García, Natsuko Rivera-Yoshida, Jasmin Di Franco, David Steiner, Alejandro V. Arzola, Mariana Benítez, Charlotte Hamngren Blomqvist, Roberto Cerbino, Caroline Beck Adiels, Giovanni Volpe
    Soft Matter.2025; 21(45): 8602.     CrossRef
  • Enzymatic characterization of five thioredoxins and a thioredoxin reductase from Myxococcus xanthus
    Ryota Tanifuji, Yoshio Kimura
    FEMS Microbiology Letters.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Overexpression of cat2 restores antioxidant properties and production traits in degenerated strains of Volvariella volvacea
    Jianing Zhu, Wenpei Wang, Wanhe Sun, Yuanxi Lei, Qiangfei Tan, Gahong Zhao, Jianmin Yun, Fengyun Zhao
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine.2024; 215: 94.     CrossRef
  • Alleviation of H2O2 toxicity by extracellular catalases in the phycosphere of Microcystis aeruginosa
    Yerim Park, Wonjae Kim, Yeji Cha, Minkyung Kim, Woojun Park
    Harmful Algae.2024; 137: 102680.     CrossRef
  • Cis-3-Indoleacrylic Acid: A Nematicidal Compound from Streptomyces youssoufiensis YMF3.862 as V-ATPase Inhibitor on Meloidogyne incognita
    Min Chen, Ying Huang, Li Ma, Jian-Jin Liu, Yi Cao, Pei-Ji Zhao, Ming-He Mo
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2024; 72(44): 24347.     CrossRef
  • Broad-spectrum ROS autonomous scavenging polysaccharide-based vehicle to improve the bioactivity of blueberry anthocyanidins through intestinal synergistic mucoadhesion
    Jingwen Xu, Yue Zhang, Xiaolin Yao, Sijuan Wang, Guangwen Luo, Kaiqiang Lv, Yongkang Zhang, Guoliang Li
    Food Hydrocolloids.2024; 152: 109899.     CrossRef
  • Polyphosphate Plays a Significant Role in the Maturation of Spores in Myxococcus xanthus
    Daiki Harita, Hiroka Matsukawa, Yoshio Kimura
    Current Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Discovery of 2-Naphthol from the Leaves of Actephila merrilliana as a Natural Nematicide Candidate
    Xi Zhang, Zhan Hu, Shuai Wang, Fengman Yin, Yuyang Wei, Jia Xie, Ranfeng Sun
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2023; 71(36): 13209.     CrossRef
Paraflavitalea soli gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from greenhouse soil
Jun Heo , Hang-Yeon Weon , Hayoung Cho , Seung-Beom Hong , Jeong-Seon Kim , Soo-Jin Kim , Soon-Wo Kwon
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(1):17-23.   Published online November 23, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9236-y
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AbstractAbstract PDF
A bacterial strain designated 5GH32-13T was isolated from greenhouse soil in Yongin-city, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile rods of two different shapes. The strain was catalase-positive and oxidasenegative. Flexirubin-like pigments were not detected. β-Carotene was produced. The strain grew in the range of 10–37°C (optimum of 28–30°C) and pH 6–8 (optimum of pH 7) and tolerated up to 1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum of 0%). According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, strain 5GH32- 13T shared a sequence similarity of less than 96.0% with all validly named taxa, having the highest sequence similarity with Pseudoflavitalea soli KIS20-3T (95.8%), Pseudoflavitalea rhizosphaerae T16R-265T (95.4%), Flavitalea gansuensis JCN-23T (95.3%), Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans Gsoil 221T (95.3%), and Flavitalea populi HY-50RT (95.2%). A phylogenetic tree showed that strain 5GH32-13T was not grouped consistently into any specific genus. Its only polyamine was homospermidine, and its major fatty acids (> 10% of total fatty acids) were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, and iso-C15:1 G. The strain’s only respiratory quinone was MK-7, and its polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, six unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified lipids. Its DNA G + C content was 47.5 mol%. The results from chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that strain 5GH32-13T represents a novel species of a novel genus of the family Chitinophagaceae, and the name Paraflavitalea soli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5GH32-13T (= KACC 17331T = JCM 33061T).

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  • Huijunlia imazamoxiresistens gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from farmland represents a novel taxon within the family Chitinophagaceae
    Enyi Wang, Jiale Ma, Shijie Xiang, Jian He, Zongzhuan Shen, Jiandong Jiang, Qirong Shen
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Polysaccharide utilization loci encoded DUF1735 likely functions as membrane‐bound spacer for carbohydrate active enzymes
    Lisanne Hameleers, Lucie A. Gaenssle, Salvador Bertran‐Llorens, Tjaard Pijning, Edita Jurak
    FEBS Open Bio.2024; 14(7): 1133.     CrossRef
  • Paraflavitalea pollutisoli sp. nov., Pollutibacter soli gen. nov. sp. nov., Polluticoccus soli gen. nov. sp. nov., and Terrimonas pollutisoli sp. nov., four new members of the family Chitinophagaceae from polluted soil
    Ze-Shen Liu, Xiao-Kang Wang, Ke-Huan Wang, Mei-Ling Yang, De-Feng Li, Shuang-Jiang Liu
    Systematic and Applied Microbiology.2024; 47(2-3): 126503.     CrossRef
  • Paraflavisolibacter caeni gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel taxon within the family Chitinophagaceae isolated from sludge
    Cansheng Yuan, Bin Liu, Lin Wang, Weihua Long, Zhuang Ke, Jian He
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Longitalea arenae gen. nov., sp. nov. and Longitalea luteola sp. nov., two new members of the family Chitinophagaceae isolated from desert soil
    Shuai Li, Lei Dong, Jia-Rui Han, Guo-Yuan Shi, Chun-Yan Lu, Lu Xu, Wen-Hui Lian, Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah, Wael N. Hozzein, Wen-Jun Li
    Archives of Microbiology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Optimizing the bacterial community structure and function in rhizosphere soil of sesame continuous cropping by the appropriate nitrate ammonium ratio
    Ruiqing Wang, Zhihua Zhang, Fengjuan Lv, Hongxin Lin, Lingen Wei, Yunping Xiao
    Rhizosphere.2022; 23: 100550.     CrossRef
  • Paraflavitalea devenefica sp. nov., isolated from urban soil
    Xiaoxiao Hou, Hongliang Liu, Yumang Shang, Sidi Mao, Shucheng Li, Feng Sang, Hongkuan Deng, Lijuan Wang, Ling Kong, ChunYang Zhang, Zhongfeng Ding, Yan Gao, Shuzhen Wei, Zhiwei Chen
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published
    Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2020; 70(5): 2960.     CrossRef
Identification and characterization of a marine-derived chitinolytic fungus, Acremonium sp. YS2-2
Dawoon Chung , Kyunghwa Baek , Seung Seob Bae , Jaejoon Jung
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(5):372-380.   Published online February 26, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8469-0
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Chitin is the most abundant biopolymer in marine environments. To facilitate its utilization, our laboratory screened marine-derived fungal strains for chitinolytic activity. One chitinolytic strain isolated from seawater, designated YS2-2, was identified as Acremonium species based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Acremonium species are cosmopolitan fungi commonly isolated from both terrestrial and marine environments, but their chitinolytic activity is largely unknown. The extracellular crude enzyme of YS2-2 exhibited optimum chitinolytic activity at pH 6.0–7.6, 23–45°C, and 1.5% (w/v) NaCl. Degenerate PCR revealed the partial cDNA sequence of a putative chitinase gene, chiA, in YS2-2. The expression of chiA was dramatically induced in response to 1% (w/v) colloidal chitin compared to levels under starvation, chitin powder, and glucose conditions. Moreover, the chiA transcript levels were positively correlated with chitinolytic activities under various colloidal chitin concentrations, suggesting that ChiA mediates chitinolytic activity in this strain. Our results provide a basis for additional studies of marinederived chitinolytic fungi aimed at improving industrial applications.

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  • Isolation and Characterization of a Nitrilase-Producing Geotrichum Strain and Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions
    Huaiyuan Zhang, Meijun Tao, Yiwen Fan, Jiazi Zhang, Juan Zhang, Zhibin Feng
    Current Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Characterization of L-Asparaginase Free of L-Glutaminase and Urease Activity Produced by the Marine Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides Strain MABIK FU00000820
    Woon-Jong Yu, Ha Young Lee, Yong Min Kwon, Seung Seob Bae, Hyun-Ju Hwang, Dawoon Chung
    Applied Microbiology.2025; 5(3): 100.     CrossRef
  • Acremonium quercivorum ( Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes ), a New Species from Oak ( Quercus spp.) Growing in Algeria
    Alla Eddine Mahamedi, Milan Spetik, Muhammed Namseed Padinhar Ismail, Fouad Lamghari, Ales Eichmeier, Akila Berraf-Tebbal
    Mycobiology.2025; 53(5): 717.     CrossRef
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    Tao Liu, Ziying Zhao, Haiyun Li, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi, Dmitry B. Kosolapov, Tongchao Ni, Ben Ma, Xiaoyan Liu, Xiang Liu, Wei Zhi, Haihan Zhang
    Journal of Environmental Management.2024; 351: 119842.     CrossRef
  • Pannorin isolated from marine Penicillium sp. SG-W3: a selective monoamine oxidase A inhibitor
    Jong Min Oh, Qian Gao, Woong-Hee Shin, Eun-Young Lee, Dawoon Chung, Grace Choi, Sang-Jip Nam, Hoon Kim
    Applied Biological Chemistry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The potential of degrading natural chitinous wastes to oligosaccharides by chitinolytic enzymes from two Talaromyces sp. isolated from rotten insects (Hermetia illucens) under solid state fermentation
    Xunfan Wei, Zhuoxiao Sui, Mengyuan Guo, Sicong Chen, Zongqi Zhang, Jin Geng, Jinhua Xiao, Dawei Huang
    Brazilian Journal of Microbiology.2023; 54(1): 223.     CrossRef
  • Microbial chitinases and their relevance in various industries
    Deepali Thakur, Anjali Chauhan, Prakriti Jhilta, Rajesh Kaushal, Bhawna Dipta
    Folia Microbiologica.2023; 68(1): 29.     CrossRef
  • An overview of fungal chitinases and their potential applications
    Deepali Thakur, Aarti Bairwa, Bhawna Dipta, Prakriti Jhilta, Anjali Chauhan
    Protoplasma.2023; 260(4): 1031.     CrossRef
  • Characterization and Biological Activities of Yeasts Isolated from Marine Environments
    Woon-Jong Yu, Dawoon Chung, Seung Seob Bae, Yong Min Kwon, Eun-Seo Cho, Grace Choi
    Microbiology Research.2023; 14(4): 1984.     CrossRef
  • Ecological insights and potential application of marine filamentous fungi in environmental restoration
    Abhaya Dayini Behera, Surajit Das
    Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology.2023; 22(2): 281.     CrossRef
  • Identification and Characterization of Three Chitinases with Potential in Direct Conversion of Crystalline Chitin into N,N′-diacetylchitobiose
    Xue-Bing Ren, Yan-Ru Dang, Sha-Sha Liu, Ke-Xuan Huang, Qi-Long Qin, Xiu-Lan Chen, Yu-Zhong Zhang, Yan-Jun Wang, Ping-Yi Li
    Marine Drugs.2022; 20(3): 165.     CrossRef
  • Biochemical purification and characterization of a truncated acidic, thermostable chitinase from marine fungus for N-acetylglucosamine production
    Bin He, Liyan Yang, Dengfeng Yang, Minguo Jiang, Chengjin Ling, Hailan Chen, Feng Ji, Lixia Pan
    Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficient production of GlcNAc in an aqueous-organic system with a Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 mutant
    Zhi-kui Hao, Jian-song Li, Dan-hua Wang, Fei He, Jing-shi Xue, Liang-hong Yin, Hua-bao Zheng
    Biotechnology Letters.2022; 44(4): 623.     CrossRef
  • Polyextremophilic Chitinolytic Activity by a Marine Strain (IG119) of Clonostachys rosea
    Marcella Pasqualetti, Susanna Gorrasi, Valeria Giovannini, Martina Braconcini, Massimiliano Fenice
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    BMC Genomics.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Soil biochemical properties and microbial composition in aged and non‐aged apple (Malus domestica) orchards in Luochuan County, Loess Plateau, China
    Jia Tian, Chao Sun, Pengpeng Lu, Fei Li, Yiqing Shangguan, Fan Qi
    Soil Use and Management.2021; 37(4): 879.     CrossRef
  • Highlighting the Crude Oil Bioremediation Potential of Marine Fungi Isolated from the Port of Oran (Algeria)
    Ahlem Maamar, Marie-Elisabeth Lucchesi, Stella Debaets, Nicolas Nguyen van Long, Maxence Quemener, Emmanuel Coton, Mohammed Bouderbala, Gaëtan Burgaud, Amaria Matallah-Boutiba
    Diversity.2020; 12(5): 196.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of Amylolytic Activity by a Marine-Derived Yeast Sporidiobolus pararoseus PH-Gra1
    Yong Min Kwon, Hyun Seok Choi, Ji Yeon Lim, Hyeong Seok Jang, Dawoon Chung
    Mycobiology.2020; 48(3): 195.     CrossRef
  • High Production of Chitinolytic Activity in Halophilic Conditions by a New Marine Strain of Clonostachys rosea
    Marcella Pasqualetti, Paolo Barghini, Valeria Giovannini, Massimiliano Fenice
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Mucibacter soli gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Chitinophagaceae producing mucin
Min-Kyeong Kim , Sewook Park , Tae-Su Kim , Yochan Joung , Ji-Hye Han , Seung Bum Kim
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(5):356-361.   Published online February 22, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8512-1
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AbstractAbstract PDF
A Gram-stain-negative, mucus-forming, motile by gliding, non-spore-forming and short rod-shaped bacterial strain designated R1-15T was isolated from soil and its taxonomic position was evaluated using a polyphasic approach. Strain R1-15T grew at 15–37°C (optimum, 30°C), at pH 6–7 (optimum, pH 6) and in the presence of 0–1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%) on 0.1X TSA. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the novel strain was assigned to the family Chitinophagaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes, and its closest related taxa were species of the genera Taibaiella (88.76– 90.02% sequence similarity), Lacibacter (89.24–90.00%), Chitinophaga (88.61–89.76%), and Terrimonas (89.04%). Flexirubin- type pigments were produced. The only isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on whole genome comparisons between the strain R1-15T and the type strains of relatives, the orthologous average nucleotide identity values were 66.9– 67.0%. The DNA G+C content of strain R1-15T was 43.8 mol%. The combination of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data clearly supported separation of strain R1-15T from related taxa, and thus the name Mucibacter soli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R1-15T (= KCTC 62274T = JCM 31190T).

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  • Simplicispira sedimenti sp. nov., isolated from a sediment of drainage ditch in winery
    Xing Chen, Yuan-Dong Li, Xiu-Ming Liu, Li Gao, Xing-Kui Zhou, Li-Min Dong, Gang Du, Neeli Habib, Wen-Jun Li, Yan-Qing Duan
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Keyu Yao, Guanghao Wang, Wen Zhang, Qiang Liu, Jian Hu, Mao Ye, Xin Jiang
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  • Cast from the Past? Microbial Diversity of a Neolithic Stone Circle
    Mercedes Martín-Cereceda, Amaya de Cos-Gandoy, Richard A. J. Williams, David Elliott, Andrea Serrano-Bellón, Blanca Pérez-Uz, Abel Sanchez-Jimenez
    Microorganisms.2024; 12(11): 2338.     CrossRef
  • Dyella sedimenti sp. nov., Isolated from the Sediment of a Winery
    Li Gao, Yuan-Dong Li, Xing-Kui Zhou, Xiu-Ming Liu, Hui-Tian Li, Wen-Jun Li, Yan-Qing Duan
    Current Microbiology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Utilization of three-layered polyvinyl alcohol gel cubes for treating low-strength ammonium wastewater in a single-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process
    Dawoon Jeong, Hyunman Lim, Myoung-Soo Ko, Weonjae Kim
    Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering.2022; 10(1): 106934.     CrossRef
  • Nocardioides euryhalodurans sp. nov., Nocardioides seonyuensis sp. nov. and Nocardioides eburneiflavus sp. nov., isolated from soil
    Su Gwon Roh, Chan Lee, Min-Kyeong Kim, Hye-Jeong Kang, Yeong Seok Kim, Min Ji Kim, Adeel Malik, Seung Bum Kim
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2020; 70(4): 2682.     CrossRef
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    Yeong Seok Kim, Su Gwon Roh, Seung Bum Kim
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2020; 70(3): 2079.     CrossRef
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
Flavisolibacter swuensis sp. nov. Isolated from Soil
Eun Sun Joo , Seho Cha , Myung Kyum Kim , Weonhwa Jheong , Taegun Seo , Sathiyaraj Srinivasan
J. Microbiol. 2015;53(7):442-447.   Published online June 27, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5241-y
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AbstractAbstract
A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and rod-shaped bacterium designated as strain SR2-4-2T was isolated from soil in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SR2-4-2T revealed that it belonged to the genus of Flavisolibacter, family of Chitinophagaceae, and class of Sphingobacteriia. It shared sequence similarities with Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 643T (96.4%), Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae Gsoil 492T (96.3%), and Flavisolibacter rigui 02SUJ3T (93.0%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that its predominant fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (26.4%) and iso-C17:0 3OH (10.7%). Its major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and its predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain SR2-4-2T DNA was 45.0%. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic data, the strain SR2-4-2T (=JCM 19974T =KEMB 9004-156T) is classified as a type strain of a novel species for which the name of Flavisolibacter swuensis sp. nov. is proposed.

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  • Annual bacterial community cycle in a seasonally ice‐covered river reflects environmental and climatic conditions
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  • Flavisolibacter tropicus sp. nov., isolated from tropical soil
    Jae-Jin Lee, Myung-Suk Kang, Gyung Soon Kim, Chang Soek Lee, Sangyong Lim, Jidam Lee, Si Hyeon Roh, Hyerin Kang, Jung Min Ha, Sojung Bae, Hee-Young Jung, Myung Kyum Kim
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2016; 66(9): 3413.     CrossRef
Functional Characterization of Extracellular Chitinase Encoded by the YlCTS1 Gene in a Dimorphic Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Jeong-Nam Park , Chang Pyo Han , Dong-Jik Lee , Seon Ah Cheon , Hyun Ah Kang
J. Microbiol. 2014;52(4):284-291.   Published online March 29, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4070-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The hemiascomycetes yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is a dimorphic yeast with alternating yeast and mycelia forms. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of three putative chitinase genes, YlCTS1, YlCTS2, and YlCTS3, in the Y. lipolytica genome. Here, we demonstrated that the protein of YlCTS1 (YlCts1p), which contains an N-terminal secretion signal peptide, a long C-terminal Ser/Thr-rich domain, and a chitin-binding domain, is a homologue to Saccharomyces cerevisiae chitinase 1 (ScCts1p). Deletion of YlCTS1 remarkably reduced extracellular endochitinase activity in the culture supernatant of Y. lipolytica and enhanced cell aggregation, suggesting a role of YlCts1p in cell separation as ScCts1p does in S. cerevisiae. However, loss of YlCts1p function did not affect hyphal formation induced by fetal bovine serum addition. The mass of YlCts1p was dramatically decreased by jack bean α-mannosidase digestion but not by PNGase F treatment, indicating that YlCts1p is modified only by Omannosylation without N-glycosylation. Moreover, the O-glycan profile of YlCts1p was identical to that of total cell wall mannoproteins, supporting the notion that YlCts1p can be used as a good model for studying O-glycosylation in this dimorphic yeast.

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  • Advancing Ultrasensitive, Drift-Correcting Dual Floating Gate Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Yeast Sensing
    Jonathan Harris, Michael Brothers, Victoria Coyle, Steve Kim, Erin Ratcliff
    Chemistry of Materials.2024; 36(1): 324.     CrossRef
  • The N-Acetylglucosamine Kinase from Yarrowia lipolytica Is a Moonlighting Protein
    Carmen-Lisset Flores, Joaquín Ariño, Carlos Gancedo
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(23): 13109.     CrossRef
  • Recovery and valorization of agri-food wastes and by-products using the non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
    Davide Gottardi, Lorenzo Siroli, Lucia Vannini, Francesca Patrignani, Rosalba Lanciotti
    Trends in Food Science & Technology.2021; 115: 74.     CrossRef
  • Functional analysis of recombinant human and Yarrowia lipolytica O-GlcNAc transferases expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Hye Ji Oh, Hye Yun Moon, Seon Ah Cheon, Yoonsoo Hahn, Hyun Ah Kang
    Journal of Microbiology.2016; 54(10): 667.     CrossRef
Journal Articles
Note] Antifungal Chitinase against Human Pathogenic Yeasts from Coprinellus congregatus
Yeeun Yoo Hyoung T. Choi
J. Microbiol. 2014;52(5):441-443.   Published online February 17, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3257-3
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The inky cap, Coprinellus congregatus, produces mushrooms which become autolyzed rapidly to generate black liquid droplets, in which no cell wall is detected by microscopy. A chitinase (Chi2) which is synthesized during the autolytic phase of C. congregatus inhibits the growths of Candida al-bicans and Cryptococcus neoformans up to 10% at the con-centration of 10 μg/ml, about 50% at concentration of 20 μg/ml, and up to 95% at the concentration of 70 μg/ml. Upon treatment these yeast cells are observed to be severely de-formed, with the formation of large holes in the cell wall. The two yeast species show no growth inhibition at the concen-tration of 5 μg/ml, which means the minimum inhibitory concentrations for both yeast species are 10 μg/ml under these experimental conditions.

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  • Analysis of the Antifungal Potential of Macrocybe Titans Extract Against Candida Albicans
    Fernanda CBN Pereira, Gabrielle C Peiter, Vivian EMS Justo, Gabrieli M Huff, Pollyanna CV Conrado, Mauro AP da Silva, Patrícia S Bonfim-Mendonça, Terezinha IE Svidzinski, Fabio R Rosado, Adriana Fiorini
    Future Microbiology.2023; 18(6): 357.     CrossRef
  • Disarming Fungal Pathogens: Bacillus safensis Inhibits Virulence Factor Production and Biofilm Formation by Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans
    François L. Mayer, James W. Kronstad, Yong-Sun Bahn, J. Andrew Alspaugh, Deborah Hogan
    mBio.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
Biochemical Characterization of Chitinase 2 Expressed during the Autolytic Phase of the Inky Cap, Coprinellus congregatus
Yuri Kang , Hyewon Kim , Hyoung T. Choi
J. Microbiol. 2013;51(2):189-193.   Published online April 27, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2535-9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Fungal cell walls consist of various glucans and chitin. The inky cap, Coprinellus congregatus, produces mushrooms at 25°C in a regime of 15 h light/9 h dark, and then the mushroom is autolyzed rapidly to generate black liquid droplets in which no cell walls are detected by microscopy. Chitinase cDNA from the mature mushroom tissues of C. congregatus, which consisted of 1,622 nucleotides (chi2), was successfully cloned using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction technique. The deduced 498 amino acid sequence of Chi2 had a conserved catalytic domain as in other fungal chitinase family 18 enzymes. The Chi2 enzyme was purified from the Pichia pastoris expression system, and its estimated molecular weight was 68 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of Chi2 was pH 4.0 and 35°C, respectively when 4-nitrophenyl N,N’-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside was used as the substrate. The Km value and Vmax for the substrate A, 4-nitrophenyl N,N’-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside, was 0.175 mM and 0.16 OD min-1unit-1, respectively.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
Construction of a Streptomyces lydicus A01 Transformant with a chit42 Gene from Trichoderma harzianum P1 and Evaluation of Its Biocontrol Activity against Botrytis cinerea
Qiong Wu , Linquan Bai , Weicheng Liu , Yingying Li , Caige Lu , Yaqian Li , Kehe Fu , Chuanjin Yu , Jie Chen
J. Microbiol. 2013;51(2):166-173.   Published online April 27, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2321-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Streptomyces lydicus A01 and Trichoderma harzianum P1 are potential biocontrol agents of fungal diseases in plants. S. lydicus A01 produces natamycin to bind the ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane and inhibits the growth of Botrytis cinerea. T. harzianum P1, on the other hand, features high chitinase activity and decomposes the chitin in the cell wall of B. cinerea. To obtain the synergistic biocontrol effects of chitinase and natamycin on Botrytis cinerea, this study transformed the chit42 gene from T. harzianum P1 to S. lydicus A01. The conjugal transformant (CT) of S. lydicus A01 with the chit42 gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associated chitinase activity and natamycin production were examined using the 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, respectively. The S. lydicus A01-chit42 CT showed substantially higher chitinase activity and natamycin production than its wild type strain (WT). Consequently, the biocontrol effects of S. lydicus A01-chit42 CT on B. cinerea, including inhibition to spore germination and mycelial growth, were highly improved compared with those of the WT. Our research indicates that the biocontrol effect of Streptomyces can be highly improved by transforming the exogenous resistance gene, i.e. chit42 from Trichoderma, which not only enhances the production of antibiotics, but also provides a supplementary function by degrading the cell walls of the pathogens.

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    Zhihui Meng, Minghui Yu, Jiahui Wang, Haijun Li, Wenhui Gao, Peitong Yang, Xingyu Cui, Peipei Zhang, Jiafang Fu, Guangxiang Cao, Gongli Zong
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dongxia Du, Zhuo Yi, Shiping Shan, Shuaishuai Gao, Mengyuan Yu, Bin Wang, Chetan Keswani,
    PLOS One.2025; 20(10): e0331386.     CrossRef
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    Ziyang Xiao, Qinqin Zhao, Wei Li, Liwei Gao, Guodong Liu
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Novel mechanism of hydrogen peroxide for promoting efficient natamycin synthesis in Streptomyces
    Gongli Zong, Guangxiang Cao, Jiafang Fu, Peipei Zhang, Xi Chen, Wenxiu Yan, Lulu Xin, Zhongxue Wang, Yan Xu, Rongzhen Zhang, Beile Gao
    Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Most.Sinthia Sarven, Qiuyan Hao, Junbo Deng, Fang Yang, Gaofeng Wang, Yannong Xiao, Xueqiong Xiao
    Pathogens.2020; 9(3): 213.     CrossRef
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    Malek Marian, Masafumi Shimizu
    Journal of General Plant Pathology.2019; 85(5): 329.     CrossRef
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    Mi Ni, Qiong Wu, Hong-li Wang, Wei-cheng Liu, Bin Hu, Dian-peng Zhang, Juan Zhao, De-wen Liu, Cai-ge Lu
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    Dongli Liu, Rui Yan, Yansong Fu, Xiangjing Wang, Ji Zhang, Wensheng Xiang
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yangyang Zheng, Xudong Wang, Siyuan Liu, Kewei Zhang, Zhibo Cai, Xiuling Chen, Yao Zhang, Jiayin Liu, Aoxue Wang
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(8): 2221.     CrossRef
  • Omics for understanding synergistic action of validamycin A and Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 against maize sheath blight pathogen
    Qiong Wu, Lida Zhang, Hai Xia, Chuanjin Yu, Kai Dou, Yaqian Li, Jie Chen
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  • Complete genome sequencing and antibiotics biosynthesis pathways analysis of Streptomyces lydicus 103
    Nan Jia, Ming-Zhu Ding, Hao Luo, Feng Gao, Ying-Jin Yuan
    Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sawai Boukaew, Poonsuk Prasertsan, Claire Troulet, Marc Bardin
    BioControl.2017; 62(6): 793.     CrossRef
  • Heterologous coexpression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin and Bacillus megaterium glucanase in Streptomyces lydicus A02 enhanced its production of antifungal metabolites
    Huiling Wu, Jinjin Li, Dan Dong, Ting Liu, Taotao Zhang, Dianpeng Zhang, Weicheng Liu
    Enzyme and Microbial Technology.2015; 81: 80.     CrossRef
  • Expression of Paenibacillus polymyxa β-1,3-1,4-glucanase in Streptomyces lydicus A01 improves its biocontrol effect against Botrytis cinerea
    Jinjin Li, Weicheng Liu, Lijin Luo, Dan Dong, Ting Liu, Taotao Zhang, Caige Lu, Dewen Liu, Dianpeng Zhang, Huiling Wu
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NOTE] Chitinibacter suncheonensis sp. nov., a Chitinolytic Bacterium from a Mud Flat in Suncheon Bay
Sung Kyum Kim , Yong Ho Kim , Yu Seok Jeong , Han Beur Na , Jungho Kim , Keun Sik Baik , Han Dae Yun , Jung-Kul Lee , Hoon Kim
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(6):1058-1062.   Published online December 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2333-9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
A chitinolytic bacterium, designated strain SK16T, was isolated from a mud flat in Suncheon Bay, Republic of Korea. Strain SK16T is Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by a polar flagellum, and short rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the genus Chitinibacter and was most closely related to Chitinibacter tainanensis S1T (98.2% similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization analyses showed a low association value of 20.45±4.08% between them. The major cellular fatty acids, the G+C content of the genomic DNA, and the predominant quinone of the strain were summed feature 3 (iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1 ω7c; 50.5%) and C12:0 (12.5%), 52.26 mol%, and Q-8, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic properties, strain SK16T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinibacter, for which the name Chitinibacter suncheonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SK16T (=KCTC 23839T =DSM 25421T).

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  • Molecular Characterization of Four Alkaline Chitinases from Three Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from a Mudflat
    Sung Kyum Kim, Jong Eun Park, Jong Min Oh, Hoon Kim
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(23): 12822.     CrossRef
  • The Draft Genome Sequence and Analysis of an Efficiently Chitinolytic Bacterium Chitinibacter sp. Strain GC72
    Alei Zhang, Xiaofang Mo, Guoguang Wei, Ning Zhou, Sai Yang, Jie Chen, Yingying Wang, Kequan Chen, Pingkai Ouyang
    Current Microbiology.2020; 77(12): 3903.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of extracellular chitinase from Chitinibacter sp. GC72 and its application in GlcNAc production from crayfish shell enzymatic degradation
    Cong Gao, Alei Zhang, Kequan Chen, Zhikui Hao, Junmao Tong, Pingkai Ouyang
    Biochemical Engineering Journal.2015; 97: 59.     CrossRef
Selection of a Streptomyces Strain Able to Produce Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and Active against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Adriana Fróes , Andrew Macrae , Juliana Rosa , Marcella Franco , Rodrigo Souza , Rosângela Soares , Rosalie Coelho
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(5):798-806.   Published online November 4, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2060-2
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AbstractAbstract
Control of plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an ongoing challenge because of its wide host range and the persistence of its sclerotia in soil. Fungicides are the most commonly used method to control this fungus but these can have ecotoxicity impacts. Chitinolytic Streptomyces strains isolated from Brazilian tropical soils were capable of inhibiting S. sclerotiorum growth in vitro, offering new possibilities for integrated pest management and biocontrol, with a new approach to dealing with an old problem. Strain Streptomyces sp. 80 was capable of irreversibly inhibiting fungal growth. Compared to other strains, its crude enzymes had the highest chitinolytic levels when measured at 25°C and strongly inhibited sclerotia from S. sclerotiorum. It produced four hydrolytic enzymes involved in fungal cell wall degradation when cultured in presence of the fungal mycelium. The best production, obtained after three days, was 0.75 U/ml for exochitinase, 0.9 U/ml for endochitinase, 0.16 U/ml for glucanase, and 1.78 U/ml for peptidase. Zymogram analysis confirmed two hydrolytic bands of chitinolytic activity with apparent molecular masses of 45.8 and 206.8 kDa. One glucanase activity with an apparent molecular mass of 55 kDa was also recorded, as well as seven bands of peptidase activity with apparent molecular masses ranging from 15.5 to 108.4 kDa. Differential interference contrast microscopy also showed alterations of hyphal morphology after co-culture. Streptomyces sp. 80 seems to be promising as a biocontrol agent against S. sclerotiorum, contributing to the development of new methods for controlling plant diseases and reducing the negative impact of using fungicides.

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    Zineb Faiza Boukhatem, Chahinez Merabet, Hassini Tsaki
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    Masafumi Shimizu, Hushna Ara Naznin, Ayaka Hieno
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    On-Uma Ruangwong, Kaewalin Kunasakdakul, Sompong Chankaew, Kitsada Pitija, Anurag Sunpapao
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    Cathryn A. O’Sullivan, Katharina Belt, Louise F. Thatcher
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    Vytória Piscitelli Cavalcanti, Neilton Antonio Fiusa Araújo, Natália Bernardes Machado, Paulo Sérgio Pedroso Costa Júnior, Moacir Pasqual, Eduardo Alves, Kátia Regina Freitas Schwan-Estrada, Joyce Dória
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    Zhuanrong Wang, Lili Wan, Qiang Xin, Ye Chen, Xiaohui Zhang, Faming Dong, Dengfeng Hong, Guangsheng Yang
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  • Characterization of Trichoderma spp. antagonistic to Phytophthora colocasiae associated with leaf blight of taro
    Vishnu Sukumari Nath, Neetha Soma John, Indira Parameswaran Anjanadevi, Vinayaka Mahabaleswar Hegde, Muthulekshmi Lajapathy Jeeva, Raj Shekhar Misra, Syamala Swayamvaran Veena
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    Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi, Seung Hwan Yang, Lixin Zhang, Joo-Won Suh
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  • Streptomyces lunalinharesiiStrain 235 Shows the Potential to Inhibit Bacteria Involved in Biocorrosion Processes
    Juliana Pacheco da Rosa, Elisa Korenblum, Marcella Novaes Franco-Cirigliano, Fernanda Abreu, Ulysses Lins, Rosângela M. A. Soares, Andrew Macrae, Lucy Seldin, Rosalie R. R. Coelho
    BioMed Research International.2013; 2013: 1.     CrossRef
NOTE] Antifungal Activity of Extracellular Hydrolases Produced by Autolysing Aspergillus nidulans Cultures
Melinda Szilágyi , Fruzsina Anton , Katalin Forgács , Jae-Hyuk Yu , István Pócsi , Tamás Emri
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(5):849-854.   Published online November 4, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2001-0
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AbstractAbstract
Carbon-starving Aspergillus nidulans cultures produce high activities of versatile hydrolytic enzymes and, among these, ChiB endochitinase and EngA β-1,3-endoglucanase showed significant antifungal activity against various fungal species. Double deletion of engA and chiB diminished the antifungal activity of the fermentation broths and increased conidiogenesis and long-term viability of A. nidulans, but decreased the growth rate on culture media containing weak carbon sources. Production of ChiB and EngA can influence fungal communities either directly due to their antifungal properties or indirectly through their effects on vegetative growth. Our data suggest saprophytic fungi as promising future candidates to develop novel biocontrol technologies.

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  • Application and antagonistic mechanisms of atoxigenic Aspergillus strains for the management of fungal plant diseases
    Suyan Wang, Yanxia Wang, Xinchi Shi, Daniela D. Herrera-Balandrano, Xin Chen, Fengquan Liu, Pedro Laborda, Irina S. Druzhinina
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Juan Zhao, Weicheng Liu, Dewen Liu, Caige Lu, Dianpeng Zhang, Huiling Wu, Dan Dong, Lingling Meng
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  • Autolytic enzymes are responsible for increased melanization of carbon stressed Aspergillus nidulans cultures
    Melinda Szilágyi, Fruzsina Anton, István Pócsi, Tamás Emri
    Journal of Basic Microbiology.2018; 58(5): 440.     CrossRef
  • Tricking Arthrinium malaysianum into Producing Industrially Important Enzymes Under 2-Deoxy D-Glucose Treatment
    Soumya Mukherjee, Mathu Malar Chandrababunaidu, Arijit Panda, Suman Khowala, Sucheta Tripathy
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GgtA) of Aspergillus nidulans is not necessary for bulk degradation of glutathione
    Zsolt Spitzmüller, Nak-Jung Kwon, Melinda Szilágyi, Judit Keserű, Viktória Tóth, Jae-Hyuk Yu, István Pócsi, Tamás Emri
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  • Investigating Aspergillus nidulans secretome during colonisation of cork cell walls
    Isabel Martins, Helga Garcia, Adélia Varela, Oscar Núñez, Sébastien Planchon, Maria Teresa Galceran, Jenny Renaut, Luís P.N. Rebelo, Cristina Silva Pereira
    Journal of Proteomics.2014; 98: 175.     CrossRef
  • Transcriptome changes initiated by carbon starvation in Aspergillus nidulans
    Melinda Szilágyi, Márton Miskei, Zsolt Karányi, Béla Lenkey, István Pócsi, Tamás Emri
    Microbiology.2013; 159(Pt_1): 176.     CrossRef
  • Interactions between naturally occurring antifungal agents
    Viktória Tóth, Melinda Szilágyi, Fruzsina Anton, Éva Leiter, I. Pócsi, T. Emri
    Acta Biologica Hungarica.2013; 64(4): 510.     CrossRef
Molecular Screening of Streptomyces Isolates for Antifungal Activity and Family 19 Chitinase Enzymes
Youssuf Gherbawy , Hesham Elhariry , Abdulla Altalhi , Bahig El-Deeb , Ghada Khiralla
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(3):459-468.   Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2095-4
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Thirty soil-isolates of Streptomyces were analyzed to determine their antagonism against plant-pathogenic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aristosporum, Colletotrichum gossypii, and Rhizoctonia solani. Seven isolates showed antifungal activity against one or more strain of the tested fungi. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, these isolates were identified as Streptomyces tendae (YH3), S. griseus (YH8), S. variabilis (YH21), S. endus (YH24), S. violaceusniger (YH27A), S. endus (YH27B), and S. griseus (YH27C). The identity percentages ranged from 98 to 100%. Although some isolates belonged to the same species, there were many differences in their cultural and morphological characteristics. Six isolates out of seven showed chitinase activity according to a chitinolytic activity test and on colloidal chitin agar plates. Based on the conserved regions among the family 19 chitinase genes of Streptomyces sp. two primers were used for detection of the chitinase (chiC) gene in the six isolates. A DNA fragment of 1.4 kb was observed only for the isolates YH8, YH27A, and YH27C. In conclusion, six Streptomyces strains with potential chitinolytic activity were identified from the local environment in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Of these isolates, three belong to family 19 chitinases. To our knowledge, this is the first reported presence of a chiC gene in S. violaceusniger YH27A.

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    Gandisha Masso Pawar, Sainil Vinod Naik, Tejas Jagannath Naik, Mrunal Karande, Avinash Sharma, Bhakti Balkrishna Salgaonkar
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Journal Article
Chitinase Production by Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus licheniformis: Their Potential in Antifungal Biocontrol
Eman Zakaria Gomaa
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(1):103-111.   Published online February 27, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1343-y
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Thirty bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of plants collected from Egypt and screened for production of chitinase enzymes. Bacillus thuringiensis NM101-19 and Bacillus licheniformis NM120-17 had the highest chitinolytic activities amongst those investigated. The production of chitinase by B. thuringiensis and B. licheniformis was optimized using colloidal chitin medium amended with 1.5% colloidal chitin, with casein as a nitrogen source, at 30°C after five days of incubation. An enhancement of chitinase production by the two species was observed by addition of sugar substances and dried fungal mats to the colloidal chitin media. The optimal conditions for chitinase activity by B. thuringiensis and B. licheniformis were at 40°C, pH 7.0 and pH 8.0, respectively. Na+, Mg2+, Cu2+, and Ca2+ caused enhancement of enzyme activities whereas they were markedly inhibited by Zn2+, Hg2+, and Ag+. In vitro, B. thuringiensis and B. licheniformis chitinases had potential for cell wall lysis of many phytopathogenic fungi tested. The addition of B. thuringiensis chitinase was more effective than that of B. licheniformis in increasing the germination of soybean seeds infected with various phytopathogenic fungi.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
NOTE] Functional Analysis of a Hansenula polymorpha MNN2-2 Homologue Encoding a Putative UDP-N-acetylglucosamine Transporter Localized in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Jeong-Nam Park , Jinho Choo , Hyun Ah Kang
J. Microbiol. 2011;49(6):1012-1017.   Published online December 28, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1520-4
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The Kluyveromyces lactis UDP-GlcNAc transporter (KlMnn2-2p) is responsible for the biosynthesis of N-glycans containing N-acetylglucosamine. A putative gene of Hansenula polymorpha encoding a KlMnn2-2p homologue, HpMNN2-2, was identified and investigated for its function. The deletion mutant strain of HpMNN2-2 (Hpmnn2-2Δ) showed increased sensitivity to geneticin, hygromycin B, and tunicamycin. However, the Hpmnn2-2Δ strain exhibited increased resistance to Calcofluor white, an inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis, along with a reduced chitin content. The localization of HpMnn2-2p at the endoplasmic reticulum-enriched membrane, different from the Golgi localization of a K. lactis homologue, further supports the involvement of HpMnn2-2p in cell wall chitin biosynthesis.

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    Santoshi Nayak, Sudip K. Ghosh
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Growth Inhibition of the Yeast Transformant by the Expression of a Chitinase from Coprinellus congregatus
Hyangsoon Lim , Hyoung T. Choi
J. Microbiol. 2010;48(5):706-708.   Published online November 3, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0272-x
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Coprinellus congregatus generates several chitinases during its entire life cycle: at the growing hyphal stage and at the mushroom autolysis stage. We have isolated a chitinase gene (chi1) from the mushroom tissue at the autolysing stage, and constructed a chitinase expression vector to get large amount of enzyme protein. Chitinase 1 (chi1) cDNA was heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by gal1 promoter. The transformants showed no specific change in growth characteristics under normal growth conditions. However the expression of the gene by the gal1 promoter in the yeast transformants resulted in complete growth inhibition, while laccase expression by the gal1 promoter showed normal growth. The chitinase activities from the transformants were also more than 3 times higher than that of the recipient strain, and the chitinase expression by the real time-PCR also showed increased expression of the chi1 in the yeast transformant. Expression of a chitinase which was produced at the mushroom autolysing stage of C. congregatus resulted in yeast growth inhibition.

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  • High-Yield-Related Genes Participate in Mushroom Production
    Fang Wang, Fengzhu Li, Luyang Han, Jingzi Wang, Xupo Ding, Qinhong Liu, Mingguo Jiang, Hailin Li
    Journal of Fungi.2024; 10(11): 767.     CrossRef
  • The trade-off of availability and growth inhibition through copper for the production of copper-dependent enzymes by Pichia pastoris
    Palanisamy Athiyaman Balakumaran, Jan Förster, Martin Zimmermann, Jayachandran Charumathi, Andreas Schmitz, Eik Czarnotta, Mathias Lehnen, Suresh Sudarsan, Birgitta E. Ebert, Lars Mathias Blank, Sankaranarayanan Meenakshisundaram
    BMC Biotechnology.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antifungal chitinase against human pathogenic yeasts from Coprinellus congregatus
    Yeeun Yoo, Hyoung T. Choi
    Journal of Microbiology.2014; 52(5): 441.     CrossRef
  • Stipe wall extension of Flammulina velutipes could be induced by an expansin-like protein from Helix aspersa
    Hejian Fang, Wenming Zhang, Xin Niu, Zhonghua Liu, Changmei Lu, Hua Wei, Sheng Yuan
    Fungal Biology.2014; 118(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Biochemical Characterization of Heterologously Expressed Chitinase 1 (Chi1) from an Inky Cap, Coprinellus congregatus
    Yeeun Yoo, Hyoung T. Choi
    The Korean Journal of Microbiology.2013; 49(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • Growth Inhibition of Plant Pathogenic Fungi by a Chitinase of Coprinellus congregatus
    Yuri Kang, Hyoung T. Choi
    The Korean Journal of Microbiology.2012; 48(4): 325.     CrossRef
Identification and Characterization of a Class III Chitin Synthase Gene of Moniliophthora perniciosa, the Fungus That Causes Witches' Broom Disease of Cacao
Catiane S. Souza , Bruno M. Oliveira , Gustavo G. L. Costa , Albert Schriefer , Alessandra Selbach-Schnadelbach , Ana Paula T. Uetanabaro , Carlos P. Pirovani , Goncalo A. G. Pereira , Alex G. Taranto , Julio Cezar de M. Cascardo , Aristoteles Goes-Neto
J. Microbiol. 2009;47(4):431-440.   Published online September 9, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0166-3
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Chitin synthase (CHS) is a glucosyltransferase that converts UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into chitin, one of the main components of fungal cell wall. Class III chitin synthases act directly in the formation of the cell wall. They catalyze the conversion of the immediate precursor of chitin and are responsible for the majority of chitin synthesis in fungi. As such, they are highly specific molecular targets for drugs that can inhibit the growth and development of fungal pathogens. In this work, we have identified and characterized a chitin synthase gene of Moniliophthora perniciosa (Mopchs) by primer walking. The complete gene sequence is 3,443 bp, interrupted by 13 small introns, and comprises a cDNA with an ORF with 2,739 bp, whose terminal region was experimentally determined, encoding a protein with 913 aa that harbors all the motifs and domains typically found in class III chitin synthases. This is the first report on the characterization of a chitin synthase gene, its mature transcription product, and its putative protein in basidioma and secondary mycelium stages of M. perniciosa, a basidiomycotan fungus that causes witches’ broom disease of cacao.

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    Raner José Santana Silva, Rafael Moyses Alves, Karina Peres Gramacho, Lucilia Helena Marcellino, Fabienne Micheli
    Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.2020; 148: 142.     CrossRef
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    Manoelito C Santos Junior, Sandra Aparecida de Assis, Aristóteles Góes-Neto, Ângelo Amâncio Duarte, Ricardo José Alves, Moacyr Comar Junior, Alex Gutterres Taranto
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    Antonio Anderson Freitas Pinheiro, Alex Gutterres Taranto, Angelo Amâncio Duarte, Aristóteles Góes Neto, Braz Tavares da Hora Júnior, Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira, Manoelito Coelho dos Santos Júnior, Sandra Aparecida de Assis
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Note] Enhanced Expression of Chitinase during the Autolysis of Mushroom in Coprinellus congregatus
Hyangsoon Lim , Hyoung T. Choi
J. Microbiol. 2009;47(2):225-228.   Published online May 2, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0247-3
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Fungal cell walls consist of various glucans and chitin. An inky cap, Coprinellus congregatus, produced mushrooms at 25°C in a regime of 15 h light/9 h dark, and then the mushroom was autolyzed rapidly to generate black liquid droplets where no cell wall was detected by microscopy. A chitinase cDNA from the matured mushroom cells of C. congregatus that consisted of 1,541 nucleotides was successfully cloned using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR technique. Its deduced 441 amino acid sequence had the conserved catalytic domain as in other fungal chitinase family 18. Chitinase activity was higher at the matured mushroom stage than primordial and young mushroom stage. When the expression of the cloned chitinase was examined by real-time PCR using the chitinase-specific primers, it was increased more than twice to 20 times during the autolytic process of mushroom than young mushroom or primordial stages, respectively.
Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Chitinase Gene Crchi1 from the Mycoparasitic Fungus Clonostachys rosea (syn. Gliocladium roseum)
Zhongwei Gan , Jinkui Yang , Nan Tao , Zefen Yu , Ke-Qin Zhang
J. Microbiol. 2007;45(5):422-430.
DOI: https://doi.org/2594 [pii]
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Clonostachys rosea (syn. Gliocladium roseum) is a well-known biocontrol agent and widely distributed around the world. In this study, an endochitinase gene Crchi1 was isolated from the mycoparasitic fungus C. rosea using the DNA walking strategy. The Crchi1 ORF is 1,746 bp long and interrupted by three introns. The cloned gene Crchi1 encodes 426 amino acid residues and shares a high degree of similarity with other chitinases from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi. Several putative binding sites for transcriptional regulation of Crchi1 in response to carbon (5''-SYGGRG-3'') and nitrogen (5''-GATA-3'') were identified in the upstream of Crchi1. Expression of Crchi1 gene in different carbon sources was analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). We found that the Crchi1 expression was suppressed by glucose but strongly stimulated by chitin or solubilized components of the cell wall from Rhizoctonia solani. Phylogenetic analysis of chitinases from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi suggests that these chitinases have probably evolved from a common ancestor.
The role and characterization of β-1,3-glucanase in biocontrol of fusarium solani by pseudomonas stutzeri YPL-1
Lim, Ho Seong , Kim, Sang Dal
J. Microbiol. 1995;33(4):295-301.
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An antifungal Pseudomonas stutzeri YPL-1 produced extracellular chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase that were key enzymes in the decomposition of fungal hyphal walls. These lytic extracellular enzymes markedly inhibited mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium solani. A chitinase from P. stutzeri YPL-1 inhibited fungal mycelial growth by 87%, whereas a β-1,3-glucanase from the bacterium inhibited growth by 53%. Furthermore, co-operative action of the enzymes synergistically inhibited 95% of the fungal growth. The lytic enzymes caused abnormal swelling and retreating on the fungal hyphal walls in a dual cultures. Scanning electron microscopy clearly showed hyphal degradation of F. solani in the regions interacting with P. stutzeri YPL-1. In an in vivo pot test, P. stutzeri YPL-1 proved to have biocontrol ability as a powerful agent in controlling plant disease. Planting of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings with the bacterial suspension in F. solani-infested soil significantly suppressed the development of fusarial root-rot. The characteristics of a crude preparation of β-1,3-glucanase produced from P. stutzeri YPL-1 were investigated. The bacterium detected after 2 hr of incubation. The enzyme had optimum temperature and pH of 40℃ and pH 5.5, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range of 4.5 to 7.0 and at temperatures below 40℃, with a half-life of 40 min at 60℃.
Phylogenetic study of penicillium chrysogenum based on the amino acid sequence analysis of chitin synthase
Park, Bum Chan , Lee, Dong Hun , Bae, Kyung Sook , Park, Hee Moon
J. Microbiol. 1997;35(3):159-164.
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The phylogenetic study of Penicilium chrysogenum was performed based on amino acid sequence comparison of chitin synthase. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with the deduced amino acid sequences of the highly conserved region of chitin synthase gene fragments amplified by PCR. The BlasP similarity search and the bootstrap analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of chitin synthase from P. chrysogenum with those form other fungi showed a close evolutionary relationship of Penicillium to ascomycetous fungi, especially to genus Aspergilus. The result from bootstrap analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the Class II chitin synthase from ascomyceteous fungi supported the usefulness of the Class II chitin synthease for phylogenetic study of filamentous fungi.
Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of chitin synthase gene from entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria brongniartii
Nam, Jin Sik , Lee, Dong Hun , Park, Ho Yong , Bae, Kyung Sook
J. Microbiol. 1997;35(3):222-227.
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DNA fragments homologous to chitin synthase gene were amplified from the genomic DNA of Beauveria brongniartii by PCR using degenerate primers. Cloning and sequencing of the PCR-amplified fragments led to the identification of a gene, designated BbCHS1. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of BbCHS1 with those of other Euacomycetes revealed that quence of BbCHS1 displayed the highest rate of similarity, 95.8%, with CHS2 or Metarhizium anisopliae. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences confirmed the taxonomic and evolutionary position of B. brongiartii, which was previously derived by traditional fungel clasification based on morphological features.
Purification and Characterization of Chitinase from a Marine Bacterium, Vibrio sp. 98CJ11027
Shin Hye Park , Jung-Hyun Lee , Hong Kum Lee
J. Microbiol. 2000;38(4):224-229.
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Chitin-degrading marine bacterial strain 98CJ11027 was isolated from bryozoa from the coastal area of Cheju Island, Korea, and identified as a member of the genus Vibrio. The molecular mass of the main extracellular chitinase (chitinase I), purified from strain 98CJ11027, was estimated to be 98 kDa. The optimal condition for chitinase I activity is pH 6.0 and 45 C. The activity was inhibited by Fe^+2 and Cu^+2. Chitinase I displayed the hydrolysis type of chitobiosidase and catalyzed reversed hydrolysis leading to the synthesis of tetraacetylchitotetraose.
Genomic Organization of Penicillium chrysogenum chs4, a Class III Chitin Synthase Gene
Yoon-Dong Park , Myung-Sook Lee , Ji-Hoon Kim , Jun Namgung , Bum Chan Park , Kyung Sook Bae , Hee-Moon Park
J. Microbiol. 2000;38(4):230-238.
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Class III chitin synthases in filamentous fungi are important for hyphal growth and differentiation of several filamentous fungi. A genomic clone containing the full gene encoding Chs4, a class III chitin synthase in Penicillium chrysogenum, was cloned by PCR screening and colony hybridization from the genomic library. Nucleotide sequence analysis and transcript mapping of chs4 revealed an open reading frame (ORF) that consisted of 5 exons and 4 introns and encoded a putative protein of 915 amino acids. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5?lanking region of the ORF revealed a potential TATA box and several binding sites for transcription activators. The putative transcription initiation site at ?6 position was identified by primer extension and the expression of the chs4 during the vegetative growth was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Amino acid sequence analysis of the Chs4 revealed at least 5 transmembrane helices and several sites for post-translational modifications. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of Chs4 with those of other fungi showed a close relationship between P. chr ysogenum and genus Aspergillus.
Cell Cycle-dependent Expression of Chitin Synthase Genes in Aspergillus nidulans
Bum-Chan Park , Pil-Jae Maeng , Hee-Moon Park
J. Microbiol. 2001;39(1):74-78.
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The transcription of the chitin synthase genes (chss) was cell cycle-regulated in Aspergillus nidulans and the expression pattern was classified into two groups. Group one, containing chsA and chsC, showed decreasing transcription level upon entry into the S-phase and no further variation during the remainder of the cell cycle. However, group two, containing chsB, chsD, and csmA, showed a sharp decrease of mRNA level upon entry into the G2-phase and an increase during the M-phase. Our results suggested that the chss, belonging to same group with the similar expression pattern during the cell cycle are functionally linked and that chsD may play a role in hyphal growth and development in A. nidulans.

Journal of Microbiology : Journal of Microbiology
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