Journal Articles
- Physiological roles of catalases Cat1 and Cat2 in Myxococcus xanthus
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Kimura Yoshio , Yuri Yoshioka , Kie Toshikuni
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J. Microbiol. 2022;60(12):1168-1177. Published online October 24, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2277-7
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Catalases are key antioxidant enzymes in aerobic organisms.
Myxococcus xanthus expresses two monofunctional catalases,
small-subunit Cat1 and large-subunit Cat2. The Km of
H2O2 for recombinant Cat1 and Cat2 were 14.0 and 9.0 mM,
respectively, and the catalytic efficiency of Cat2 (kcat/Km =
500 sec-1 mM-1) was 4-fold higher than that of Cat1. The activity
ratio of Cat1 to Cat2 in the exponential growth phase
of M. xanthus was 1 to 3–4. A Cat1-deficient strain was constructed,
whereas a Cat2-deficient strain could not be produced.
In H2O2-supplemented medium, the cat1 mutant exhibited
marked growth retardation and a longer generation
time than the wild-type (wt) strain. After 2 h of incubation
in 0.5 mM H2O2-supplemented medium, the catalase activity
of the wt strain significantly increased (by 64-fold), but that
of the cat1 mutant strain did not. Under starvation-induced
developmental conditions, catalase activity was induced by
approximately 200-fold in both wt and cat1 strains, although
in the mutant the activity increase as well as spore formation
occurred one day later, indicating that the induction of catalase
activity during starvation was due to Cat2. In wt starved
cells, catalase activity was not induced by H2O2. These results
suggest that Cat2 is the primary housekeeping catalase
during M. xanthus growth and starvation-induced development,
whereas Cat1 may have a complementary role, being
responsible for the rapid degradation of H2O2 in proliferating
vegetative cells subjected to oxidative stress.
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- Global copper response of the soil bacterial predator Myxococcus xanthus and its contribution to antibiotic cross-resistance
Francisco Javier Marcos-Torres, Juana Pérez, David Torrens-González, Miguel Ángel García-Pedrosa, Francisco Javier Contreras-Moreno, Aurelio Moraleda-Muñoz
Microbiological Research.2026; 302: 128357. CrossRef - Glutathione Plays a Significant Role in the Growth, Oxidative Stress Response, and Sporulation in Myxococcus xanthus
Yoshio Kimura, Kie Toshikuni, Misaki Okada
Current Microbiology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef -
The APSES transcription factor Swi6B upregulates
CATALASE 1
transcription to enhance oxidative stress tolerance of
Ganoderma lucidum
Lingshuai Wang, Lingyan Shi, Shuhan Zhang, Jiping Ma, Cheng Zhang, Huhui Chen, Mingwen Zhao, Yvonne Nygård
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Toxic effects of anionic polyacrylamide on the developmental stages of Oryzias melastigma embryos and larvae
Xinya Zhao, Jiangwei Zan, Zhaohui Sun, Xiangping Xue, Hai Ren, Huiru Fu, Fei Si, Xiaomin Jin
Aquatic Toxicology.2025; 284: 107402. CrossRef - Effects of Vibrio harveyi and oligochitosan non-specific immune response of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) supplementation
Lixin Ma, Zhilong Chen, Hao Zhao, Xiaomin Zheng, Yutao Li, Zhendong Qin, Li Lin, Fei Shi
Aquaculture International.2025;[Epub] CrossRef -
Myxococcus xanthus for active matter studies: a tutorial for its growth and potential applications
Jesus Manuel Antúnez Domínguez, Laura Pérez García, Natsuko Rivera-Yoshida, Jasmin Di Franco, David Steiner, Alejandro V. Arzola, Mariana Benítez, Charlotte Hamngren Blomqvist, Roberto Cerbino, Caroline Beck Adiels, Giovanni Volpe
Soft Matter.2025; 21(45): 8602. CrossRef - Enzymatic characterization of five thioredoxins and a thioredoxin reductase from Myxococcus xanthus
Ryota Tanifuji, Yoshio Kimura
FEMS Microbiology Letters.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Overexpression of cat2 restores antioxidant properties and production traits in degenerated strains of Volvariella volvacea
Jianing Zhu, Wenpei Wang, Wanhe Sun, Yuanxi Lei, Qiangfei Tan, Gahong Zhao, Jianmin Yun, Fengyun Zhao
Free Radical Biology and Medicine.2024; 215: 94. CrossRef - Alleviation of H2O2 toxicity by extracellular catalases in the phycosphere of Microcystis aeruginosa
Yerim Park, Wonjae Kim, Yeji Cha, Minkyung Kim, Woojun Park
Harmful Algae.2024; 137: 102680. CrossRef - Cis-3-Indoleacrylic Acid: A Nematicidal Compound from Streptomyces youssoufiensis YMF3.862 as V-ATPase Inhibitor on Meloidogyne incognita
Min Chen, Ying Huang, Li Ma, Jian-Jin Liu, Yi Cao, Pei-Ji Zhao, Ming-He Mo
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2024; 72(44): 24347. CrossRef - Broad-spectrum ROS autonomous scavenging polysaccharide-based vehicle to improve the bioactivity of blueberry anthocyanidins through intestinal synergistic mucoadhesion
Jingwen Xu, Yue Zhang, Xiaolin Yao, Sijuan Wang, Guangwen Luo, Kaiqiang Lv, Yongkang Zhang, Guoliang Li
Food Hydrocolloids.2024; 152: 109899. CrossRef - Polyphosphate Plays a Significant Role in the Maturation of Spores in Myxococcus xanthus
Daiki Harita, Hiroka Matsukawa, Yoshio Kimura
Current Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Discovery of 2-Naphthol from the Leaves of Actephila merrilliana as a Natural Nematicide Candidate
Xi Zhang, Zhan Hu, Shuai Wang, Fengman Yin, Yuyang Wei, Jia Xie, Ranfeng Sun
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2023; 71(36): 13209. CrossRef
- Paraflavitalea soli gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from greenhouse soil
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Jun Heo , Hang-Yeon Weon , Hayoung Cho , Seung-Beom Hong , Jeong-Seon Kim , Soo-Jin Kim , Soon-Wo Kwon
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J. Microbiol. 2020;58(1):17-23. Published online November 23, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9236-y
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A bacterial strain designated 5GH32-13T was isolated from
greenhouse soil in Yongin-city, Republic of Korea. Cells were
Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile rods of two different
shapes. The strain was catalase-positive and oxidasenegative.
Flexirubin-like pigments were not detected. β-Carotene
was produced. The strain grew in the range of 10–37°C
(optimum of 28–30°C) and pH 6–8 (optimum of pH 7) and
tolerated up to 1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum of 0%). According
to the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison, strain 5GH32-
13T shared a sequence similarity of less than 96.0% with all
validly named taxa, having the highest sequence similarity
with Pseudoflavitalea soli KIS20-3T (95.8%), Pseudoflavitalea
rhizosphaerae T16R-265T (95.4%), Flavitalea gansuensis
JCN-23T (95.3%), Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans Gsoil 221T
(95.3%), and Flavitalea populi HY-50RT (95.2%). A phylogenetic
tree showed that strain 5GH32-13T was not grouped
consistently into any specific genus. Its only polyamine was
homospermidine, and its major fatty acids (> 10% of total
fatty acids) were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, and iso-C15:1 G. The
strain’s only respiratory quinone was MK-7, and its polar
lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid,
six unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified
lipids. Its DNA G + C content was 47.5 mol%. The results
from chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses
indicated that strain 5GH32-13T represents a novel species
of a novel genus of the family Chitinophagaceae, and the
name Paraflavitalea soli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The
type strain is 5GH32-13T (= KACC 17331T = JCM 33061T).
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Citations
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Huijunlia imazamoxiresistens gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from farmland represents a novel taxon within the family Chitinophagaceae
Enyi Wang, Jiale Ma, Shijie Xiang, Jian He, Zongzhuan Shen, Jiandong Jiang, Qirong Shen
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Polysaccharide utilization loci encoded DUF1735 likely functions as membrane‐bound spacer for carbohydrate active enzymes
Lisanne Hameleers, Lucie A. Gaenssle, Salvador Bertran‐Llorens, Tjaard Pijning, Edita Jurak
FEBS Open Bio.2024; 14(7): 1133. CrossRef - Paraflavitalea pollutisoli sp. nov., Pollutibacter soli gen. nov. sp. nov., Polluticoccus soli gen. nov. sp. nov., and Terrimonas pollutisoli sp. nov., four new members of the family Chitinophagaceae from polluted soil
Ze-Shen Liu, Xiao-Kang Wang, Ke-Huan Wang, Mei-Ling Yang, De-Feng Li, Shuang-Jiang Liu
Systematic and Applied Microbiology.2024; 47(2-3): 126503. CrossRef -
Paraflavisolibacter caeni gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel taxon within the family Chitinophagaceae isolated from sludge
Cansheng Yuan, Bin Liu, Lin Wang, Weihua Long, Zhuang Ke, Jian He
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Longitalea arenae gen. nov., sp. nov. and Longitalea luteola sp. nov., two new members of the family Chitinophagaceae isolated from desert soil
Shuai Li, Lei Dong, Jia-Rui Han, Guo-Yuan Shi, Chun-Yan Lu, Lu Xu, Wen-Hui Lian, Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah, Wael N. Hozzein, Wen-Jun Li
Archives of Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Optimizing the bacterial community structure and function in rhizosphere soil of sesame continuous cropping by the appropriate nitrate ammonium ratio
Ruiqing Wang, Zhihua Zhang, Fengjuan Lv, Hongxin Lin, Lingen Wei, Yunping Xiao
Rhizosphere.2022; 23: 100550. CrossRef -
Paraflavitalea devenefica sp. nov., isolated from urban soil
Xiaoxiao Hou, Hongliang Liu, Yumang Shang, Sidi Mao, Shucheng Li, Feng Sang, Hongkuan Deng, Lijuan Wang, Ling Kong, ChunYang Zhang, Zhongfeng Ding, Yan Gao, Shuzhen Wei, Zhiwei Chen
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published
Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.2020; 70(5): 2960. CrossRef
- Identification and characterization of a marine-derived chitinolytic fungus, Acremonium sp. YS2-2
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Dawoon Chung , Kyunghwa Baek , Seung Seob Bae , Jaejoon Jung
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J. Microbiol. 2019;57(5):372-380. Published online February 26, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8469-0
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Chitin is the most abundant biopolymer in marine environments.
To facilitate its utilization, our laboratory screened
marine-derived fungal strains for chitinolytic activity. One
chitinolytic strain isolated from seawater, designated YS2-2,
was identified as Acremonium species based on morphological
and phylogenetic analyses. Acremonium species are cosmopolitan
fungi commonly isolated from both terrestrial and
marine environments, but their chitinolytic activity is largely
unknown. The extracellular crude enzyme of YS2-2 exhibited
optimum chitinolytic activity at pH 6.0–7.6, 23–45°C, and
1.5% (w/v) NaCl. Degenerate PCR revealed the partial cDNA
sequence of a putative chitinase gene, chiA, in YS2-2. The
expression of chiA was dramatically induced in response to
1% (w/v) colloidal chitin compared to levels under starvation,
chitin powder, and glucose conditions. Moreover, the chiA
transcript levels were positively correlated with chitinolytic
activities under various colloidal chitin concentrations, suggesting
that ChiA mediates chitinolytic activity in this strain.
Our results provide a basis for additional studies of marinederived
chitinolytic fungi aimed at improving industrial applications.
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Huaiyuan Zhang, Meijun Tao, Yiwen Fan, Jiazi Zhang, Juan Zhang, Zhibin Feng
Current Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Characterization of L-Asparaginase Free of L-Glutaminase and Urease Activity Produced by the Marine Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides Strain MABIK FU00000820
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Mycobiology.2025; 53(5): 717. CrossRef - Performance of aerobic denitrifying fungal community for promoting nitrogen reduction and its application in drinking water reservoirs
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Applied Biological Chemistry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - The potential of degrading natural chitinous wastes to oligosaccharides by chitinolytic enzymes from two Talaromyces sp. isolated from rotten insects (Hermetia illucens) under solid state fermentation
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- Mucibacter soli gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Chitinophagaceae producing mucin
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Min-Kyeong Kim , Sewook Park , Tae-Su Kim , Yochan Joung , Ji-Hye Han , Seung Bum Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2019;57(5):356-361. Published online February 22, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8512-1
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A Gram-stain-negative, mucus-forming, motile by gliding,
non-spore-forming and short rod-shaped bacterial strain
designated R1-15T was isolated from soil and its taxonomic
position was evaluated using a polyphasic approach. Strain
R1-15T grew at 15–37°C (optimum, 30°C), at pH 6–7 (optimum,
pH 6) and in the presence of 0–1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum,
0%) on 0.1X TSA. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence
similarity, the novel strain was assigned to the family
Chitinophagaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes, and its closest
related taxa were species of the genera Taibaiella (88.76–
90.02% sequence similarity), Lacibacter (89.24–90.00%), Chitinophaga
(88.61–89.76%), and Terrimonas (89.04%). Flexirubin-
type pigments were produced. The only isoprenoid
quinone was MK-7, and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine.
Based on whole genome comparisons
between the strain R1-15T and the type strains of relatives,
the orthologous average nucleotide identity values were 66.9–
67.0%. The DNA G+C content of strain R1-15T was 43.8
mol%. The combination of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic
and phenotypic data clearly supported separation of strain
R1-15T from related taxa, and thus the name Mucibacter
soli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R1-15T
(= KCTC 62274T = JCM 31190T).
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Mercedes Martín-Cereceda, Amaya de Cos-Gandoy, Richard A. J. Williams, David Elliott, Andrea Serrano-Bellón, Blanca Pérez-Uz, Abel Sanchez-Jimenez
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Nocardioides euryhalodurans sp. nov., Nocardioides seonyuensis sp. nov. and Nocardioides eburneiflavus sp. nov., isolated from soil
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.2020; 70(4): 2682. CrossRef -
Gordonia insulae sp. nov., isolated from an island soil
Yeong Seok Kim, Su Gwon Roh, Seung Bum Kim
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
.2020; 70(3): 2079. CrossRef - List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published
Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
.2020; 70(1): 1. CrossRef
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
- Flavisolibacter swuensis sp. nov. Isolated from Soil
-
Eun Sun Joo , Seho Cha , Myung Kyum Kim , Weonhwa Jheong , Taegun Seo , Sathiyaraj Srinivasan
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J. Microbiol. 2015;53(7):442-447. Published online June 27, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5241-y
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A Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming,
and rod-shaped bacterium designated as strain SR2-4-2T
was isolated from soil in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis
based on 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SR2-4-2T revealed
that it belonged to the genus of Flavisolibacter, family
of Chitinophagaceae, and class of Sphingobacteriia. It shared
sequence similarities with Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli Gsoil
643T (96.4%), Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae Gsoil 492T (96.3%),
and Flavisolibacter rigui 02SUJ3T (93.0%). Chemotaxonomic
data revealed that its predominant fatty acids were iso-C15:0
(26.4%) and iso-C17:0 3OH (10.7%). Its major polar lipid was
phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and its predominant respiratory
quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of genomic
DNA of the strain SR2-4-2T DNA was 45.0%. Based on the
phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic data, the
strain SR2-4-2T (=JCM 19974T =KEMB 9004-156T) is classified
as a type strain of a novel species for which the name of
Flavisolibacter swuensis sp. nov. is proposed.
-
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Jae-Jin Lee, Myung-Suk Kang, Gyung Soon Kim, Chang Soek Lee, Sangyong Lim, Jidam Lee, Si Hyeon Roh, Hyerin Kang, Jung Min Ha, Sojung Bae, Hee-Young Jung, Myung Kyum Kim
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
.2016; 66(9): 3413. CrossRef
- Functional Characterization of Extracellular Chitinase Encoded by the YlCTS1 Gene in a Dimorphic Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
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Jeong-Nam Park , Chang Pyo Han , Dong-Jik Lee , Seon Ah Cheon , Hyun Ah Kang
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J. Microbiol. 2014;52(4):284-291. Published online March 29, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4070-8
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317
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4
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Abstract
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The hemiascomycetes yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is a dimorphic yeast with alternating yeast and mycelia forms. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of three putative chitinase genes, YlCTS1, YlCTS2, and YlCTS3, in the Y. lipolytica genome. Here, we demonstrated that the protein of YlCTS1 (YlCts1p), which contains an N-terminal secretion signal peptide, a long C-terminal Ser/Thr-rich domain, and
a chitin-binding domain, is a homologue to Saccharomyces cerevisiae chitinase 1 (ScCts1p). Deletion of YlCTS1 remarkably reduced extracellular endochitinase activity in the culture supernatant of Y. lipolytica and enhanced cell aggregation,
suggesting a role of YlCts1p in cell separation as ScCts1p does in S. cerevisiae. However, loss of YlCts1p function did not affect hyphal formation induced by fetal bovine serum addition. The mass of YlCts1p was dramatically decreased
by jack bean α-mannosidase digestion but not by PNGase F treatment, indicating that YlCts1p is modified only by Omannosylation without N-glycosylation. Moreover, the O-glycan profile of YlCts1p was identical to that of total cell wall
mannoproteins, supporting the notion that YlCts1p can be used as a good model for studying O-glycosylation in this dimorphic yeast.
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- Advancing Ultrasensitive, Drift-Correcting Dual Floating Gate Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Yeast Sensing
Jonathan Harris, Michael Brothers, Victoria Coyle, Steve Kim, Erin Ratcliff
Chemistry of Materials.2024; 36(1): 324. CrossRef - The N-Acetylglucosamine Kinase from Yarrowia lipolytica Is a Moonlighting Protein
Carmen-Lisset Flores, Joaquín Ariño, Carlos Gancedo
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(23): 13109. CrossRef - Recovery and valorization of agri-food wastes and by-products using the non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Davide Gottardi, Lorenzo Siroli, Lucia Vannini, Francesca Patrignani, Rosalba Lanciotti
Trends in Food Science & Technology.2021; 115: 74. CrossRef - Functional analysis of recombinant human and Yarrowia lipolytica O-GlcNAc transferases expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Hye Ji Oh, Hye Yun Moon, Seon Ah Cheon, Yoonsoo Hahn, Hyun Ah Kang
Journal of Microbiology.2016; 54(10): 667. CrossRef
Journal Articles
- Note] Antifungal Chitinase against Human Pathogenic Yeasts from Coprinellus congregatus
-
Yeeun Yoo Hyoung T. Choi
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J. Microbiol. 2014;52(5):441-443. Published online February 17, 2014
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3257-3
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316
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2
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Abstract
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The inky cap, Coprinellus congregatus, produces mushrooms which become autolyzed rapidly to generate black liquid droplets, in which no cell wall is detected by microscopy. A chitinase (Chi2) which is synthesized during the autolytic phase of C. congregatus inhibits the growths of Candida al-bicans and Cryptococcus neoformans up to 10% at the con-centration of 10 μg/ml, about 50% at concentration of 20 μg/ml, and up to 95% at the concentration of 70 μg/ml. Upon treatment these yeast cells are observed to be severely de-formed, with the formation of large holes in the cell wall. The two yeast species show no growth inhibition at the concen-tration of 5 μg/ml, which means the minimum inhibitory concentrations for both yeast species are 10 μg/ml under these experimental conditions.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

-
Analysis of the Antifungal Potential of
Macrocybe Titans
Extract Against
Candida Albicans
Fernanda CBN Pereira, Gabrielle C Peiter, Vivian EMS Justo, Gabrieli M Huff, Pollyanna CV Conrado, Mauro AP da Silva, Patrícia S Bonfim-Mendonça, Terezinha IE Svidzinski, Fabio R Rosado, Adriana Fiorini
Future Microbiology.2023; 18(6): 357. CrossRef -
Disarming Fungal Pathogens:
Bacillus safensis
Inhibits Virulence Factor Production and Biofilm Formation by
Cryptococcus neoformans
and
Candida albicans
François L. Mayer, James W. Kronstad, Yong-Sun Bahn, J. Andrew Alspaugh, Deborah Hogan
mBio.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
- Biochemical Characterization of Chitinase 2 Expressed during the Autolytic Phase of the Inky Cap, Coprinellus congregatus
-
Yuri Kang , Hyewon Kim , Hyoung T. Choi
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J. Microbiol. 2013;51(2):189-193. Published online April 27, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2535-9
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198
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18
Scopus
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Abstract
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Fungal cell walls consist of various glucans and chitin. The inky cap, Coprinellus congregatus, produces mushrooms at 25°C in a regime of 15 h light/9 h dark, and then the mushroom is autolyzed rapidly to generate black liquid droplets in which no cell walls are detected by microscopy. Chitinase cDNA from the mature mushroom tissues of C. congregatus, which consisted of 1,622 nucleotides (chi2), was successfully cloned using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction technique. The deduced 498 amino acid sequence of Chi2 had a conserved catalytic domain as in other fungal chitinase family 18 enzymes. The Chi2 enzyme
was purified from the Pichia pastoris expression system, and its estimated molecular weight was 68 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of Chi2 was pH 4.0 and 35°C,
respectively when 4-nitrophenyl N,N’-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside was used as the substrate. The Km value and Vmax for the substrate A, 4-nitrophenyl N,N’-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside, was 0.175 mM and 0.16 OD min-1unit-1, respectively.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
- Construction of a Streptomyces lydicus A01 Transformant with a chit42 Gene from Trichoderma harzianum P1 and Evaluation of Its Biocontrol Activity against Botrytis cinerea
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Qiong Wu , Linquan Bai , Weicheng Liu , Yingying Li , Caige Lu , Yaqian Li , Kehe Fu , Chuanjin Yu , Jie Chen
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J. Microbiol. 2013;51(2):166-173. Published online April 27, 2013
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2321-8
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320
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Abstract
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Streptomyces lydicus A01 and Trichoderma harzianum P1 are potential biocontrol agents of fungal diseases in plants. S. lydicus A01 produces natamycin to bind the ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane and inhibits the growth of Botrytis cinerea. T. harzianum P1, on the other hand, features high chitinase activity and decomposes the chitin in the cell wall of B. cinerea. To obtain the synergistic biocontrol effects of
chitinase and natamycin on Botrytis cinerea, this study transformed the chit42 gene from T. harzianum P1 to S. lydicus A01. The conjugal transformant (CT) of S. lydicus A01 with the chit42 gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associated chitinase activity and natamycin production were examined using the 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, respectively. The S. lydicus A01-chit42 CT showed substantially higher chitinase activity and natamycin production than its wild type strain (WT). Consequently, the biocontrol effects of S. lydicus A01-chit42 CT on B. cinerea, including inhibition to spore
germination and mycelial growth, were highly improved compared with those of the WT. Our research indicates that the biocontrol effect of Streptomyces can be highly improved by transforming the exogenous resistance gene, i.e. chit42 from Trichoderma, which not only enhances the production of antibiotics, but also provides a supplementary function by degrading the cell walls of the pathogens.
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Citations
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- Abundant organic nitrogen enhances natamycin biosynthesis by increasing NAD(P) metabolic pathway activity in Streptomyces gilvosporeus F607
Zhihui Meng, Minghui Yu, Jiahui Wang, Haijun Li, Wenhui Gao, Peitong Yang, Xingyu Cui, Peipei Zhang, Jiafang Fu, Guangxiang Cao, Gongli Zong
Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Isolation, identification, and whole-genome sequencing of Streptomyces rochei FE-3-1 against Pyricularia oryzae
Dongxia Du, Zhuo Yi, Shiping Shan, Shuaishuai Gao, Mengyuan Yu, Bin Wang, Chetan Keswani,
PLOS One.2025; 20(10): e0331386. CrossRef - Strain improvement of Trichoderma harzianum for enhanced biocontrol capacity: Strategies and prospects
Ziyang Xiao, Qinqin Zhao, Wei Li, Liwei Gao, Guodong Liu
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef -
Novel mechanism of hydrogen peroxide for promoting efficient natamycin synthesis in
Streptomyces
Gongli Zong, Guangxiang Cao, Jiafang Fu, Peipei Zhang, Xi Chen, Wenxiu Yan, Lulu Xin, Zhongxue Wang, Yan Xu, Rongzhen Zhang, Beile Gao
Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Biological Control of Tomato Gray Mold Caused by Botrytis Cinerea with the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium Anisopliae
Most.Sinthia Sarven, Qiuyan Hao, Junbo Deng, Fang Yang, Gaofeng Wang, Yannong Xiao, Xueqiong Xiao
Pathogens.2020; 9(3): 213. CrossRef - Improving performance of microbial biocontrol agents against plant diseases
Malek Marian, Masafumi Shimizu
Journal of General Plant Pathology.2019; 85(5): 329. CrossRef - Identification of a novel strain, Streptomyces blastmyceticus JZB130180, and evaluation of its biocontrol efficacy against Monilinia fructicola
Mi Ni, Qiong Wu, Hong-li Wang, Wei-cheng Liu, Bin Hu, Dian-peng Zhang, Juan Zhao, De-wen Liu, Cai-ge Lu
Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B.2019; 20(1): 84. CrossRef - Antifungal, Plant Growth-Promoting, and Genomic Properties of an Endophytic Actinobacterium Streptomyces sp. NEAU-S7GS2
Dongli Liu, Rui Yan, Yansong Fu, Xiangjing Wang, Ji Zhang, Wensheng Xiang
Frontiers in Microbiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef - The Endochitinase of Clonostachysrosea Expression in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Enhances the Botrytis cinerea Resistance of Tomato
Yangyang Zheng, Xudong Wang, Siyuan Liu, Kewei Zhang, Zhibo Cai, Xiuling Chen, Yao Zhang, Jiayin Liu, Aoxue Wang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(8): 2221. CrossRef - Omics for understanding synergistic action of validamycin A and Trichoderma asperellum GDFS1009 against maize sheath blight pathogen
Qiong Wu, Lida Zhang, Hai Xia, Chuanjin Yu, Kai Dou, Yaqian Li, Jie Chen
Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef - Complete genome sequencing and antibiotics biosynthesis pathways analysis of Streptomyces lydicus 103
Nan Jia, Ming-Zhu Ding, Hao Luo, Feng Gao, Ying-Jin Yuan
Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub] CrossRef - Biological control of tomato gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea by using Streptomyces spp.
Sawai Boukaew, Poonsuk Prasertsan, Claire Troulet, Marc Bardin
BioControl.2017; 62(6): 793. CrossRef - Heterologous coexpression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin and Bacillus megaterium glucanase in Streptomyces lydicus A02 enhanced its production of antifungal metabolites
Huiling Wu, Jinjin Li, Dan Dong, Ting Liu, Taotao Zhang, Dianpeng Zhang, Weicheng Liu
Enzyme and Microbial Technology.2015; 81: 80. CrossRef - Expression of Paenibacillus polymyxa β-1,3-1,4-glucanase in Streptomyces lydicus A01 improves its biocontrol effect against Botrytis cinerea
Jinjin Li, Weicheng Liu, Lijin Luo, Dan Dong, Ting Liu, Taotao Zhang, Caige Lu, Dewen Liu, Dianpeng Zhang, Huiling Wu
Biological Control.2015; 90: 141. CrossRef
- NOTE] Chitinibacter suncheonensis sp. nov., a Chitinolytic Bacterium from a Mud Flat in Suncheon Bay
-
Sung Kyum Kim , Yong Ho Kim , Yu Seok Jeong , Han Beur Na , Jungho Kim , Keun Sik Baik , Han Dae Yun , Jung-Kul Lee , Hoon Kim
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J. Microbiol. 2012;50(6):1058-1062. Published online December 30, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2333-9
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217
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3
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A chitinolytic bacterium, designated strain SK16T, was isolated from a mud flat in Suncheon Bay, Republic of Korea. Strain SK16T is Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by a polar flagellum, and short rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the genus Chitinibacter and was most closely related to Chitinibacter tainanensis S1T (98.2% similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization analyses showed a low association value of 20.45±4.08% between them. The major cellular fatty acids, the G+C content of the genomic DNA, and the predominant quinone of the strain were summed feature 3 (iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1 ω7c; 50.5%) and C12:0 (12.5%), 52.26 mol%, and Q-8, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic properties, strain SK16T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinibacter, for which the name Chitinibacter suncheonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SK16T (=KCTC 23839T =DSM 25421T).
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- Molecular Characterization of Four Alkaline Chitinases from Three Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from a Mudflat
Sung Kyum Kim, Jong Eun Park, Jong Min Oh, Hoon Kim
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(23): 12822. CrossRef - The Draft Genome Sequence and Analysis of an Efficiently Chitinolytic Bacterium Chitinibacter sp. Strain GC72
Alei Zhang, Xiaofang Mo, Guoguang Wei, Ning Zhou, Sai Yang, Jie Chen, Yingying Wang, Kequan Chen, Pingkai Ouyang
Current Microbiology.2020; 77(12): 3903. CrossRef - Characterization of extracellular chitinase from Chitinibacter sp. GC72 and its application in GlcNAc production from crayfish shell enzymatic degradation
Cong Gao, Alei Zhang, Kequan Chen, Zhikui Hao, Junmao Tong, Pingkai Ouyang
Biochemical Engineering Journal.2015; 97: 59. CrossRef
- Selection of a Streptomyces Strain Able to Produce Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and Active against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
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Adriana Fróes , Andrew Macrae , Juliana Rosa , Marcella Franco , Rodrigo Souza , Rosângela Soares , Rosalie Coelho
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J. Microbiol. 2012;50(5):798-806. Published online November 4, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2060-2
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238
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16
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Abstract
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Control of plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an ongoing challenge because of its wide host range and the persistence of its sclerotia in soil. Fungicides are the most commonly used method to control this fungus but these can have ecotoxicity impacts. Chitinolytic Streptomyces strains isolated from Brazilian tropical soils were capable of inhibiting S. sclerotiorum growth in vitro, offering new possibilities for integrated pest management and biocontrol, with a new approach to dealing with an old problem. Strain Streptomyces sp. 80 was capable of irreversibly inhibiting fungal growth. Compared to other strains, its crude enzymes had the highest chitinolytic levels when measured at 25°C and strongly inhibited sclerotia from S. sclerotiorum. It produced four hydrolytic enzymes involved in fungal cell wall degradation when cultured in presence of the fungal mycelium. The best production, obtained after three days, was 0.75 U/ml for exochitinase, 0.9 U/ml for endochitinase, 0.16 U/ml for glucanase, and 1.78 U/ml for peptidase. Zymogram analysis confirmed two hydrolytic bands of chitinolytic activity with apparent molecular masses of 45.8 and 206.8 kDa. One glucanase activity with an apparent molecular mass of 55 kDa was also recorded, as well as seven bands of peptidase activity with apparent molecular masses ranging from 15.5 to 108.4 kDa. Differential interference contrast microscopy also showed alterations of hyphal morphology after co-culture. Streptomyces sp. 80 seems to be promising as a biocontrol agent against S. sclerotiorum, contributing to the development of new methods for controlling plant diseases and reducing the negative impact of using fungicides.
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Masafumi Shimizu, Hushna Ara Naznin, Ayaka Hieno
Microbes and Environments.2022; 37(3): n/a. CrossRef - Sensitive immunochromatographic assay for the detection of the dimethachlone fungicide in tomatoes and lettuces
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Plants.2022; 11(19): 2607. CrossRef - Tackling Control of a Cosmopolitan Phytopathogen: Sclerotinia
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Frontiers in Plant Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Yeasts and Bacillus spp. as potential biocontrol agents of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in garlic
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Scientia Horticulturae.2020; 261: 108931. CrossRef - Overexpression of OsPGIP2 confers Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance in Brassica napus through increased activation of defense mechanisms
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Vishnu Sukumari Nath, Neetha Soma John, Indira Parameswaran Anjanadevi, Vinayaka Mahabaleswar Hegde, Muthulekshmi Lajapathy Jeeva, Raj Shekhar Misra, Syamala Swayamvaran Veena
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Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi, Seung Hwan Yang, Lixin Zhang, Joo-Won Suh
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Juliana Pacheco da Rosa, Elisa Korenblum, Marcella Novaes Franco-Cirigliano, Fernanda Abreu, Ulysses Lins, Rosângela M. A. Soares, Andrew Macrae, Lucy Seldin, Rosalie R. R. Coelho
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- NOTE] Antifungal Activity of Extracellular Hydrolases Produced by Autolysing Aspergillus nidulans Cultures
-
Melinda Szilágyi , Fruzsina Anton , Katalin Forgács , Jae-Hyuk Yu , István Pócsi , Tamás Emri
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J. Microbiol. 2012;50(5):849-854. Published online November 4, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2001-0
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258
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8
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Abstract
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Carbon-starving Aspergillus nidulans cultures produce high activities of versatile hydrolytic enzymes and, among these, ChiB endochitinase and EngA β-1,3-endoglucanase showed significant antifungal activity against various fungal species. Double deletion of engA and chiB diminished the antifungal activity of the fermentation broths and increased conidiogenesis and long-term viability of A. nidulans, but decreased the growth rate on culture media containing weak carbon sources. Production of ChiB and EngA can influence fungal communities either directly due to their antifungal properties or indirectly through their effects on vegetative growth. Our data suggest saprophytic fungi as promising future candidates to develop novel biocontrol technologies.
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Application and antagonistic mechanisms of atoxigenic
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Suyan Wang, Yanxia Wang, Xinchi Shi, Daniela D. Herrera-Balandrano, Xin Chen, Fengquan Liu, Pedro Laborda, Irina S. Druzhinina
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Juan Zhao, Weicheng Liu, Dewen Liu, Caige Lu, Dianpeng Zhang, Huiling Wu, Dan Dong, Lingling Meng
Journal of General Plant Pathology.2018; 84(2): 148. CrossRef - Autolytic enzymes are responsible for increased melanization of carbon stressed Aspergillus nidulans cultures
Melinda Szilágyi, Fruzsina Anton, István Pócsi, Tamás Emri
Journal of Basic Microbiology.2018; 58(5): 440. CrossRef - Tricking Arthrinium malaysianum into Producing Industrially Important Enzymes Under 2-Deoxy D-Glucose Treatment
Soumya Mukherjee, Mathu Malar Chandrababunaidu, Arijit Panda, Suman Khowala, Sucheta Tripathy
Frontiers in Microbiology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef - γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GgtA) of Aspergillus nidulans is not necessary for bulk degradation of glutathione
Zsolt Spitzmüller, Nak-Jung Kwon, Melinda Szilágyi, Judit Keserű, Viktória Tóth, Jae-Hyuk Yu, István Pócsi, Tamás Emri
Archives of Microbiology.2015; 197(2): 285. CrossRef - Investigating Aspergillus nidulans secretome during colonisation of cork cell walls
Isabel Martins, Helga Garcia, Adélia Varela, Oscar Núñez, Sébastien Planchon, Maria Teresa Galceran, Jenny Renaut, Luís P.N. Rebelo, Cristina Silva Pereira
Journal of Proteomics.2014; 98: 175. CrossRef - Transcriptome changes initiated by carbon starvation in Aspergillus nidulans
Melinda Szilágyi, Márton Miskei, Zsolt Karányi, Béla Lenkey, István Pócsi, Tamás Emri
Microbiology.2013; 159(Pt_1): 176. CrossRef - Interactions between naturally occurring antifungal agents
Viktória Tóth, Melinda Szilágyi, Fruzsina Anton, Éva Leiter, I. Pócsi, T. Emri
Acta Biologica Hungarica.2013; 64(4): 510. CrossRef
- Molecular Screening of Streptomyces Isolates for Antifungal Activity and Family 19 Chitinase Enzymes
-
Youssuf Gherbawy , Hesham Elhariry , Abdulla Altalhi , Bahig El-Deeb , Ghada Khiralla
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J. Microbiol. 2012;50(3):459-468. Published online June 30, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2095-4
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220
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Thirty soil-isolates of Streptomyces were analyzed to determine their antagonism against plant-pathogenic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aristosporum, Colletotrichum gossypii, and Rhizoctonia solani. Seven isolates showed antifungal activity against one or more strain of the tested fungi. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, these isolates were identified as Streptomyces tendae (YH3), S. griseus (YH8), S. variabilis (YH21), S. endus (YH24), S. violaceusniger (YH27A), S. endus (YH27B), and S. griseus (YH27C). The identity percentages ranged from 98 to 100%. Although some isolates belonged to the same species, there were many differences in their cultural and morphological characteristics. Six isolates out of seven showed chitinase activity according to a chitinolytic activity test and on colloidal chitin agar plates. Based on the conserved regions among the family 19 chitinase genes of Streptomyces sp. two primers were used for detection of the chitinase (chiC) gene in the six isolates. A DNA fragment of 1.4 kb was observed only for the isolates YH8, YH27A, and YH27C. In conclusion, six Streptomyces strains with potential chitinolytic activity were identified from the local environment in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Of these isolates, three belong to family 19 chitinases. To our knowledge, this is the first reported presence of a chiC gene in S. violaceusniger YH27A.
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Journal Article
- Chitinase Production by Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus licheniformis: Their Potential in Antifungal Biocontrol
-
Eman Zakaria Gomaa
-
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(1):103-111. Published online February 27, 2012
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1343-y
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Abstract
PDF
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Thirty bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere
of plants collected from Egypt and screened for production
of chitinase enzymes. Bacillus thuringiensis NM101-19 and
Bacillus licheniformis NM120-17 had the highest chitinolytic
activities amongst those investigated. The production
of chitinase by B. thuringiensis and B. licheniformis was optimized
using colloidal chitin medium amended with 1.5%
colloidal chitin, with casein as a nitrogen source, at 30°C after
five days of incubation. An enhancement of chitinase production
by the two species was observed by addition of sugar
substances and dried fungal mats to the colloidal chitin
media. The optimal conditions for chitinase activity by B.
thuringiensis and B. licheniformis were at 40°C, pH 7.0 and
pH 8.0, respectively. Na+, Mg2+, Cu2+, and Ca2+ caused enhancement
of enzyme activities whereas they were markedly
inhibited by Zn2+, Hg2+, and Ag+. In vitro, B. thuringiensis
and B. licheniformis chitinases had potential for cell wall lysis
of many phytopathogenic fungi tested. The addition of B.
thuringiensis chitinase was more effective than that of B. licheniformis
in increasing the germination of soybean seeds
infected with various phytopathogenic fungi.
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
- NOTE] Functional Analysis of a Hansenula polymorpha MNN2-2 Homologue Encoding a Putative UDP-N-acetylglucosamine Transporter Localized in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Jeong-Nam Park , Jinho Choo , Hyun Ah Kang
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J. Microbiol. 2011;49(6):1012-1017. Published online December 28, 2011
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1520-4
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The Kluyveromyces lactis UDP-GlcNAc transporter (KlMnn2-2p) is responsible for the biosynthesis of N-glycans containing N-acetylglucosamine. A putative gene of Hansenula polymorpha encoding a KlMnn2-2p homologue, HpMNN2-2, was identified and investigated for its function. The deletion mutant strain of HpMNN2-2 (Hpmnn2-2Δ) showed increased sensitivity to geneticin, hygromycin B, and tunicamycin. However, the Hpmnn2-2Δ strain exhibited increased resistance to Calcofluor white, an inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis, along with a reduced chitin content. The localization of HpMnn2-2p at the endoplasmic reticulum-enriched membrane, different from the Golgi localization of a K. lactis homologue, further supports the involvement of HpMnn2-2p in cell wall chitin biosynthesis.
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- Ero1‐Pdi1 module‐catalysed dimerization of a nucleotide sugar transporter, FonNst2, regulates virulence of Fusarium oxysporum on watermelon
Yizhou Gao, Xiaohui Xiong, Hui Wang, Jiajing Wang, Yan Bi, Yuqing Yan, Zhongye Cao, Dayong Li, Fengming Song
Environmental Microbiology.2022; 24(3): 1200. CrossRef - Evaluation of Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha for Hyaluronic Acid Production
João Heitor Colombelli Manfrão-Netto, Enzo Bento Queiroz, Kelly Assis Rodrigues, Cintia M. Coelho, Hugo Costa Paes, Elibio Leopoldo Rech, Nádia Skorupa Parachin
Microorganisms.2021; 9(2): 312. CrossRef - Nucleotide sugar transporters of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba invadens involved in chitin synthesis
Santoshi Nayak, Sudip K. Ghosh
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology.2019; 234: 111224. CrossRef - Remodeling of the glycosylation pathway in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha to produce human hybrid-type N-glycans
Seon Ah Cheon, Hyunah Kim, Doo-Byoung Oh, Ohsuk Kwon, Hyun Ah Kang
The Journal of Microbiology.2012; 50(2): 341. CrossRef
- Growth Inhibition of the Yeast Transformant by the Expression of a Chitinase from Coprinellus congregatus
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Hyangsoon Lim , Hyoung T. Choi
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J. Microbiol. 2010;48(5):706-708. Published online November 3, 2010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-010-0272-x
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195
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6
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Coprinellus congregatus generates several chitinases during its entire life cycle: at the growing hyphal stage and at the mushroom autolysis stage. We have isolated a chitinase gene (chi1) from the mushroom tissue at the autolysing stage, and constructed a chitinase expression vector to get large amount of enzyme protein. Chitinase 1 (chi1) cDNA was heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by gal1 promoter. The transformants showed no specific change in growth characteristics under normal growth conditions. However the expression of the gene by the gal1 promoter in the yeast transformants resulted in complete growth inhibition, while laccase expression by the gal1 promoter showed normal growth. The chitinase activities from the transformants were also more than 3 times higher than that of the recipient strain, and the chitinase expression by the real time-PCR also showed increased expression of the chi1 in the yeast transformant. Expression of a chitinase which was produced at the mushroom autolysing stage of C. congregatus resulted in yeast growth inhibition.
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Citations
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- High-Yield-Related Genes Participate in Mushroom Production
Fang Wang, Fengzhu Li, Luyang Han, Jingzi Wang, Xupo Ding, Qinhong Liu, Mingguo Jiang, Hailin Li
Journal of Fungi.2024; 10(11): 767. CrossRef - The trade-off of availability and growth inhibition through copper for the production of copper-dependent enzymes by Pichia pastoris
Palanisamy Athiyaman Balakumaran, Jan Förster, Martin Zimmermann, Jayachandran Charumathi, Andreas Schmitz, Eik Czarnotta, Mathias Lehnen, Suresh Sudarsan, Birgitta E. Ebert, Lars Mathias Blank, Sankaranarayanan Meenakshisundaram
BMC Biotechnology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef - Antifungal chitinase against human pathogenic yeasts from Coprinellus congregatus
Yeeun Yoo, Hyoung T. Choi
Journal of Microbiology.2014; 52(5): 441. CrossRef - Stipe wall extension of Flammulina velutipes could be induced by an expansin-like protein from Helix aspersa
Hejian Fang, Wenming Zhang, Xin Niu, Zhonghua Liu, Changmei Lu, Hua Wei, Sheng Yuan
Fungal Biology.2014; 118(1): 1. CrossRef - Biochemical Characterization of Heterologously Expressed Chitinase 1 (Chi1) from an Inky Cap, Coprinellus congregatus
Yeeun Yoo, Hyoung T. Choi
The Korean Journal of Microbiology.2013; 49(4): 309. CrossRef - Growth Inhibition of Plant Pathogenic Fungi by a Chitinase of Coprinellus congregatus
Yuri Kang, Hyoung T. Choi
The Korean Journal of Microbiology.2012; 48(4): 325. CrossRef
- Identification and Characterization of a Class III Chitin Synthase Gene of Moniliophthora perniciosa, the Fungus That Causes Witches' Broom Disease of Cacao
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Catiane S. Souza , Bruno M. Oliveira , Gustavo G. L. Costa , Albert Schriefer , Alessandra Selbach-Schnadelbach , Ana Paula T. Uetanabaro , Carlos P. Pirovani , Goncalo A. G. Pereira , Alex G. Taranto , Julio Cezar de M. Cascardo , Aristoteles Goes-Neto
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J. Microbiol. 2009;47(4):431-440. Published online September 9, 2009
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0166-3
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255
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8
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Abstract
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Chitin synthase (CHS) is a glucosyltransferase that converts UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into chitin, one of the main components of fungal cell wall. Class III chitin synthases act directly in the formation of the cell wall. They catalyze the conversion of the immediate precursor of chitin and are responsible for the majority of chitin synthesis in fungi. As such, they are highly specific molecular targets for drugs that can inhibit the growth and development of fungal pathogens. In this work, we have identified and characterized a chitin synthase gene of Moniliophthora perniciosa (Mopchs) by primer walking. The complete gene sequence is 3,443 bp, interrupted by 13 small introns, and comprises a cDNA with an ORF with 2,739 bp, whose terminal region was experimentally determined, encoding a protein with 913 aa that harbors all the motifs and domains typically found in class III chitin synthases. This is the first report on the characterization of a chitin synthase gene, its mature transcription product, and its putative protein in basidioma and secondary mycelium stages of M. perniciosa, a basidiomycotan fungus that causes witches’ broom disease of cacao.
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- A bibliometric analysis of computational and mathematical techniques in the cocoa sustainable food value chain
Leonardo H. Talero-Sarmiento, Diana T. Parra-Sanchez, Henry Lamos-Diaz
Heliyon.2025; 11(6): e43015. CrossRef - Exploring the Research Evolution of Cacao Diseases Over the Past Two Decades: A Review
Taís Letícia de Oliveira Santos, Flávia Luiza Araújo Tavares da Silva, Deborah Araújo Dionízio da Silva, Priscilla Efraim
Plant Pathology.2025; 74(6): 1470. CrossRef - Involvement of structurally distinct cupuassu chitinases and osmotin in plant resistance to the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa
Raner José Santana Silva, Rafael Moyses Alves, Karina Peres Gramacho, Lucilia Helena Marcellino, Fabienne Micheli
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.2020; 148: 142. CrossRef - Study of sodium 3-hydroxycoumarin as inhibitors in vitro, in vivo and in silico of Moniliophthora perniciosa fungus
Priscila de Andrade Gonçalves, Manoelito Coelho dos Santos Junior, Catiane do Sacramento Sousa, Aristóteles Góes-Neto, Edna Dora Martins Newman Luz, Virgínia Oliveira Damaceno, Ana Rosa Rocha Niella, José Maria Barbosa Filho, Sandra Aparecida de Assis
European Journal of Plant Pathology.2019; 153(1): 15. CrossRef - Comparison of complex networks and tree-based methods of phylogenetic analysis and proposal of a bootstrap method
Aristóteles Góes-Neto, Marcelo V.C. Diniz, Daniel S. Carvalho, Gilberto C. Bomfim, Angelo A. Duarte, Jerzy A. Brzozowski, Thierry C. Petit Lobão, Suani T.R. Pinho, Charbel N. El-Hani, Roberto F.S. Andrade
PeerJ.2018; 6: e4349. CrossRef - Mycelial development preceding basidioma formation in Moniliophthora perniciosa is associated to chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations involving autophagy
Dayane Santos Gomes, Maíza Alves Lopes, Sara Pereira Menezes, Lidiane Figueredo Ribeiro, Cristiano Villela Dias, Bruno Silva Andrade, Raildo Mota de Jesus, Acassia Benjamin Leal Pires, Aristóteles Goes-Neto, Fabienne Micheli
Fungal Genetics and Biology.2016; 86: 33. CrossRef - Structure-based drug design studies of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphosrylase, a key enzyme for the control of witches’ broom disease
Manoelito C Santos Junior, Sandra Aparecida de Assis, Aristóteles Góes-Neto, Ângelo Amâncio Duarte, Ricardo José Alves, Moacyr Comar Junior, Alex Gutterres Taranto
Chemistry Central Journal.2013;[Epub] CrossRef - Homology modeling studies of beta(1,3)‐D‐glucan synthase of Moniliophthora perniciosa
Antonio Anderson Freitas Pinheiro, Alex Gutterres Taranto, Angelo Amâncio Duarte, Aristóteles Góes Neto, Braz Tavares da Hora Júnior, Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira, Manoelito Coelho dos Santos Júnior, Sandra Aparecida de Assis
International Journal of Quantum Chemistry.2012; 112(20): 3356. CrossRef
- Note] Enhanced Expression of Chitinase during the Autolysis of Mushroom in Coprinellus congregatus
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Hyangsoon Lim , Hyoung T. Choi
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J. Microbiol. 2009;47(2):225-228. Published online May 2, 2009
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0247-3
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177
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Abstract
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Fungal cell walls consist of various glucans and chitin. An inky cap, Coprinellus congregatus, produced mushrooms at 25°C in a regime of 15 h light/9 h dark, and then the mushroom was autolyzed rapidly to generate black liquid droplets where no cell wall was detected by microscopy. A chitinase cDNA from the matured mushroom cells of C. congregatus that consisted of 1,541 nucleotides was successfully cloned using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR technique. Its deduced 441 amino acid sequence had the conserved catalytic domain as in other fungal chitinase family 18. Chitinase activity was higher at the matured mushroom stage than primordial and young mushroom stage. When the expression of the cloned chitinase was examined by real-time PCR using the chitinase-specific primers, it was increased more than twice to 20 times during the autolytic process of mushroom than young mushroom or primordial stages, respectively.
- Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Chitinase Gene Crchi1 from the Mycoparasitic Fungus Clonostachys rosea (syn. Gliocladium roseum)
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Zhongwei Gan , Jinkui Yang , Nan Tao , Zefen Yu , Ke-Qin Zhang
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J. Microbiol. 2007;45(5):422-430.
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DOI: https://doi.org/2594 [pii]
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Clonostachys rosea (syn. Gliocladium roseum) is a well-known biocontrol agent and widely distributed around the world. In this study, an endochitinase gene Crchi1 was isolated from the mycoparasitic fungus C. rosea using the DNA walking strategy. The Crchi1 ORF is 1,746 bp long and interrupted by three introns. The cloned gene Crchi1 encodes 426 amino acid residues and shares a high degree of similarity with other chitinases from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi. Several putative binding sites for transcriptional regulation of Crchi1 in response to carbon (5''-SYGGRG-3'') and nitrogen (5''-GATA-3'') were identified in the upstream of Crchi1. Expression of Crchi1 gene in different carbon sources was analyzed using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). We found that the Crchi1 expression was suppressed by glucose but strongly stimulated by chitin or solubilized components of the cell wall from Rhizoctonia solani. Phylogenetic analysis of chitinases from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi suggests that these chitinases have probably evolved from a common ancestor.
- The role and characterization of β-1,3-glucanase in biocontrol of fusarium solani by pseudomonas stutzeri YPL-1
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Lim, Ho Seong , Kim, Sang Dal
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J. Microbiol. 1995;33(4):295-301.
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An antifungal Pseudomonas stutzeri YPL-1 produced extracellular chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase that were key enzymes in the decomposition of fungal hyphal walls. These lytic extracellular enzymes markedly inhibited mycelial growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium solani. A chitinase from P. stutzeri YPL-1 inhibited fungal mycelial growth by 87%, whereas a β-1,3-glucanase from the bacterium inhibited growth by 53%. Furthermore, co-operative action of the enzymes synergistically inhibited 95% of the fungal growth. The lytic enzymes caused abnormal swelling and retreating on the fungal hyphal walls in a dual cultures. Scanning electron microscopy clearly showed hyphal degradation of F. solani in the regions interacting with P. stutzeri YPL-1. In an in vivo pot test, P. stutzeri YPL-1 proved to have biocontrol ability as a powerful agent in controlling plant disease. Planting of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings with the bacterial suspension in F. solani-infested soil significantly suppressed the development of fusarial root-rot. The characteristics of a crude preparation of β-1,3-glucanase produced from P. stutzeri YPL-1 were investigated. The bacterium detected after 2 hr of incubation. The enzyme had optimum temperature and pH of 40℃ and pH 5.5, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range of 4.5 to 7.0 and at temperatures below 40℃, with a half-life of 40 min at 60℃.
- Phylogenetic study of penicillium chrysogenum based on the amino acid sequence analysis of chitin synthase
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Park, Bum Chan , Lee, Dong Hun , Bae, Kyung Sook , Park, Hee Moon
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J. Microbiol. 1997;35(3):159-164.
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The phylogenetic study of Penicilium chrysogenum was performed based on amino acid sequence comparison of chitin synthase. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with the deduced amino acid sequences of the highly conserved region of chitin synthase gene fragments amplified by PCR. The BlasP similarity search and the bootstrap analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of chitin synthase from P. chrysogenum with those form other fungi showed a close evolutionary relationship of Penicillium to ascomycetous fungi, especially to genus Aspergilus. The result from bootstrap analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the Class II chitin synthase from ascomyceteous fungi supported the usefulness of the Class II chitin synthease for phylogenetic study of filamentous fungi.
- Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of chitin synthase gene from entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria brongniartii
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Nam, Jin Sik , Lee, Dong Hun , Park, Ho Yong , Bae, Kyung Sook
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J. Microbiol. 1997;35(3):222-227.
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DNA fragments homologous to chitin synthase gene were amplified from the genomic DNA of Beauveria brongniartii by PCR using degenerate primers. Cloning and sequencing of the PCR-amplified fragments led to the identification of a gene, designated BbCHS1. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of BbCHS1 with those of other Euacomycetes revealed that quence of BbCHS1 displayed the highest rate of similarity, 95.8%, with CHS2 or Metarhizium anisopliae. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences confirmed the taxonomic and evolutionary position of B. brongiartii, which was previously derived by traditional fungel clasification based on morphological features.
- Purification and Characterization of Chitinase from a Marine Bacterium, Vibrio sp. 98CJ11027
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Shin Hye Park , Jung-Hyun Lee , Hong Kum Lee
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J. Microbiol. 2000;38(4):224-229.
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Abstract
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Chitin-degrading marine bacterial strain 98CJ11027 was isolated from bryozoa from the coastal area of Cheju Island, Korea, and identified as a member of the genus Vibrio. The molecular mass of the main extracellular chitinase (chitinase I), purified from strain 98CJ11027, was estimated to be 98 kDa. The optimal condition for chitinase I activity is pH 6.0 and 45 C. The activity was inhibited by Fe^+2 and Cu^+2. Chitinase I displayed the hydrolysis type of chitobiosidase and catalyzed reversed hydrolysis leading to the synthesis of tetraacetylchitotetraose.
- Genomic Organization of Penicillium chrysogenum chs4, a Class III Chitin Synthase Gene
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Yoon-Dong Park , Myung-Sook Lee , Ji-Hoon Kim , Jun Namgung , Bum Chan Park , Kyung Sook Bae , Hee-Moon Park
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J. Microbiol. 2000;38(4):230-238.
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Class III chitin synthases in filamentous fungi are important for hyphal growth and differentiation of several filamentous fungi. A genomic clone containing the full gene encoding Chs4, a class III chitin synthase in Penicillium chrysogenum, was cloned by PCR screening and colony hybridization from the genomic library. Nucleotide sequence analysis and transcript mapping of chs4 revealed an open reading frame (ORF) that consisted of 5 exons and 4 introns and encoded a putative protein of 915 amino acids. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5?lanking region of the ORF revealed a potential TATA box and several binding sites for transcription activators. The putative transcription initiation site at ?6 position was identified by primer extension and the expression of the chs4 during the vegetative growth was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Amino acid sequence analysis of the Chs4 revealed at least 5 transmembrane helices and several sites for post-translational modifications. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of Chs4 with those of other fungi showed a close relationship between P. chr ysogenum and genus Aspergillus.
- Cell Cycle-dependent Expression of Chitin Synthase Genes in Aspergillus nidulans
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Bum-Chan Park , Pil-Jae Maeng , Hee-Moon Park
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J. Microbiol. 2001;39(1):74-78.
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The transcription of the chitin synthase genes (chss) was cell cycle-regulated in Aspergillus nidulans and the expression pattern was classified into two groups. Group one, containing chsA and chsC, showed decreasing transcription level upon entry into the S-phase and no further variation during the remainder of the cell cycle. However, group two, containing chsB, chsD, and csmA, showed a sharp decrease of mRNA level upon entry into the G2-phase and an increase during the M-phase. Our results suggested that the chss, belonging to same group with the similar expression pattern during the cell cycle are functionally linked and that chsD may play a role in hyphal growth and development in A. nidulans.