Beta haemolytic Group A streptococcus (GAS) or Streptococcus
pyogenes are strict human pathogens responsible for
mild to severe fatal invasive infections. Even with enormous
number of reports exploring the role of S. pyogenes exotoxins
in its pathogenesis, inadequate knowledge on the biofilm
process and the potential role of exotoxins in bacterial dissemination
from matured biofilms has been a hindrance in
development of effective and targeted treatments. Therefore,
the present study was aimed in investigating the uncharted
role of these exotoxins in biofilm process. Through our study
the putative role of ciaRH in the SpeA dependent ablation
of biofilm formation could be speculated and thus helping
in bacterial dissemination. The seed-dispersal effect of SpeA
was time and concentration dependent and seen to be consistent
within various streptococcal species. Transcriptome
analysis of SpeA treated S. pyogenes biofilms revealed the involvement
of many transcriptional regulators (ciaRH) and
response genes (luxS, shr, shp, SPy_0572), hinting towards
specific mechanisms underlying the dispersal effect by SpeA.
This finding opens up a discussion towards understanding a
new mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus
pyogenes and might help in understanding the bacterial infections
in a better way.
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