Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Autoinducer-2 detection among commensal oral streptococci is dependent on pH and boric acid: Giancarlo A. Cuadra , Ashley J. Frantellizzi , Kimberly M. Gaesser , Steven P. Tammariello , Anika Ahmed; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(7):492-502. Published online June 28, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5507-z

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Autoinducer-2, considered a universal signaling molecule, is produced by many species of bacteria; including oral strains. Structurally, autoinducer-2 can exist bound to boron (borated autoinducer-2). Functionally, autoinducer-2 has been linked to important bacterial processes such as virulence and biofilm formation. In order to test production of autoinducer-2 by a given bacterial strain, a bioassay using marine bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio harveyi as a reporter for autoinducer-2 has been designed. We hypothesize that pH adjustment and addition of boron are required for optimal bioluminescence and accurate autoinducer-2 detection. Using this reporter strain we tested autoinducer-2 activity from two oral commensal species, Streptococcus gordonii DL1 and Streptococcus oralis 34. Spent broth was collected and adjusted to pH 7.5 and supplemented with boric acid prior to measuring autoinducer- 2 activity. Results show that low pH inhibits bioluminescence of the reporter strain, but pH 7.5 allows for bioluminescence induction and proper readings of autoinducer-2 activity. Addition of boric acid also has a positive effect on bioluminescence allowing for a more sensitive detection of autoinducer-2 activity. Our data suggests that although autoinducer- 2 is present in spent broth, low pH and/or low levels of boric acid become an obstacle for proper autoinducer-2 detection. For proper autoinducer-2 detection, we propose a protocol using this bioassay to include pH adjustment and boric acid addition to spent broth. Studies on autoinducer-2 activity in several bacteria species represent an important area of study as this universal signaling molecule is involved in critical bacterial phenotypes such as virulence and biofilm formation.

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Lin Wang, Ping Liu, Yulun Wu, Hairun Pei, Xueli Cao
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
New Insights into Boron Essentiality in Humans and Animals
Andrei Biţă, Ion Romulus Scorei, Tudor Adrian Bălşeanu, Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu, Cornelia Bejenaru, Antonia Radu, Ludovic Everard Bejenaru, Gabriela Rău, George Dan Mogoşanu, Johny Neamţu, Steven A. Benner
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(16): 9147. CrossRef
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Ee Li, Jiajia Wu, Dun Zhang
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of Preprocedural Boric Acid Mouthrinse in Reducing Viable Bacteria in Dental Aerosols Produced during Ultrasonic Scaling
Swet Nisha, Avinash Bettahalli Shivamallu, Sheela Kumar Gujjari, Pratibha Shashikumar, Nada Musharraf Ali, Madhuri Kulkarni
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Genotyping, Morphology and Molecular Characteristics of a Lytic Phage of Neisseria Strain Obtained from Infected Human Dental Plaque: Ahmed N Aljarbou , Mohamad Aljofan; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(7):609-618. Published online May 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3380-1

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Abstract

The lytic bacteriaphage (phage) A2 was isolated from human dental plaques along with its bacterial host. The virus was found to have an icosahedron-shaped head (60±3 nm), a sheathed and rigid long tail (~175 nm) and was categorized into the family Siphoviridae of the order Caudovirales, which are dsDNA viral family, characterised by their ability to infect bacteria and are nonenveloped with a noncontractile tail. The isolated phage contained a linear dsDNA genome having 31,703 base pairs of unique sequence, which were sorted into three contigs and 12 single sequences. A latent period of 25 minutes and burst size of 24±2 particles was determined for the virus. Bioinformatics approaches were used to identify ORFs in the genome. A phylogenetic analysis confirmed the species inter-relationship and its placement in the family.

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Journal Article

Identification of Non-mutans Streptococci Organisms in Dental Plaques Recovering on Mitis-Salivarius Bacitracin Agar Medium: So Young Yoo , Pyung Sik Kim , Ho-Keel Hwang , Seong-Hoon Lim , Kwang-Won Kim , Son-Jin Choe , Byung-Moo Min , Joong-Ki Kook; J. Microbiol. 2005;43(2):204-208.; DOI: https://doi.org/2160 [pii]

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Abstract: The objective of this study was to both isolate and identify non-mutans streptococci organisms (non-MSO) from dental plaques recovered on mitis-salivarius sucrose bacitracin agar (MSB) plates. The dental plaque samples, which had been collected from 63 human subjects, were diluted and plated on MSB. The bacteria growing on the MSB plates were then identified with biochemical tests, as well as with 16S rDNA cloning and sequencing techniques. Our data indicated that bacteria from 30 subjects had been recovered on the MSB plates. Among the 21 typical colonies selected from the 30 subjects, 12 colonies, derived from 10 subjects, were identified as non-MSO. These 12 colonies were determined to be Streptococcus anginosus (8 colonies), S. sanguinis (1 colony), and Pantoea agglomerans (3 colonies). These results strongly suggest that a new selective medium will be required for the reliable isolation of mutans streptococci.

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