Journal of Microbiology

Review

Recent Advances of Nipah Virus Disease: Pathobiology to Treatment and Vaccine Advancement: Sagnik Saha, Manojit Bhattacharya, Sang-Soo Lee, Chiranjib Chakraborty; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(10):811-828. Published online September 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00168-3

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Abstract: The zoonotic infection of the Nipah virus (NiV) has yet again appeared in 2023 in Kerala state, India. The virus, which has a mortality rate ranging from about 40 to 70%, has already infected India five times, the first being in 2001. The current infection is the sixth virus outbreak in the Indian population. In 1998, the first NiV infection was noted in one village in Malaysia. After that, outbreaks from other South and Southeast Asian countries have been reported periodically. It can spread between humans through contact with body fluids. Therefore, it is unlikely to generate a new pandemic. However, there is a considerable knowledge gap in the different areas of NiV. To date, no approved vaccines or treatments have been available. To fulfil the knowledge gap, the review article provided a detailed overview of the genome and genome-encoded proteins, epidemiology, transmission, pathobiology, immunobiology, diagnosis, prevention and control measures, therapeutics (monoclonal antibodies and drug molecules), and vaccine advancement of the emerging and deadly pathogen. The advanced information will help researchers to develop safe and effective NiV vaccine and treatment regimens worldwide.

Journal Article

Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Dogs: Seok-Chan Park, Da-Eun Jeong, Sun-Woo Han, Joon-Seok Chae, Joo-Yong Lee, Hyun-Sook Kim, Bumseok Kim, Jun-Gu Kang; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(4):327-335. Published online April 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00119-y

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Abstract: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening viral zoonosis. The causative agent of this disease is the Dabie bandavirus, which is usually known as the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Although the role of vertebrates in SFTSV transmission to humans remains uncertain, some reports have suggested that dogs could potentially transmit SFTSV to humans. Consequently, preventive measures against SFTSV in dogs are urgently needed. In the present study, dogs were immunized three times at two-week intervals with formaldehyde-inactivated SFTSV with two types of adjuvants. SFTSV (KCD46) was injected into all dogs two weeks after the final immunization. Control dogs showed viremia from 2 to 4 days post infection (dpi), and displayed white pulp atrophy in the spleen, along with a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay (TUNEL) positive area. However, the inactivated SFTSV vaccine groups exhibited rare pathological changes and significantly reduced TUNEL positive areas in the spleen. Furthermore, SFTSV viral loads were not detected at any of the tested dpi. Our results indicate that both adjuvants can be safely used in combination with an inactivated SFTSV formulation to induce strong neutralizing antibodies. Inactivated SFTSV vaccines effectively prevent pathogenicity and viremia in dogs infected with SFTSV. In conclusion, our study highlighted the potential of inactivated SFTSV vaccination for SFTSV control in dogs.

Reviews

Searching for a Reliable Viral Indicator of Faecal Pollution in Aquatic Environments: Felana Harilanto Andrianjakarivony , Yvan Bettarel , Christelle Desnues; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(6):589-602. Published online June 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00052-6

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Abstract

The disposal of sewage in significant quantities poses a health hazard to aquatic ecosystems. These effluents can contain a wide range of pathogens, making faecal contamination a leading source of waterborne diseases around the world. Yet monitoring bacteria or viruses in aquatic environments is time consuming and expensive. The standard indicators of faecal pollution all have limitations, including difficulty in determining the source due to lack of host specificity, poor connection with the presence of non-bacterial pathogens, or low environmental persistence. Innovative monitoring techniques are sorely needed to provide more accurate and targeted solutions. Viruses are a promising alternative to faecal indicator bacteria for monitoring, as they are more persistent in ambient water, more abundant in faeces, and are extremely host-specific. Given the range of viruses found in diverse contexts, it is not easy to find one “ideal” viral indicator of faecal pollution; however, several are of interest. In parallel, the ongoing development of molecular techniques coupled with metagenomics and bioinformatics should enable improved ways to detect faecal contamination using viruses. This review examines the evolution of faecal contamination monitoring with the following aims (i) to identify the characteristics of the main viral indicators of faecal contamination, including human enteric viruses, bacteriophages, CRESS and plant viruses, (ii) to assess how these have been used to monitor water pollution in recent years, (iii) to evaluate the reliability of recent detection methods of such viruses, and (iv) to tentatively determine which viruses may be most effective as markers of faecal pollution.

Citations

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Review of carbon dot–hydrogel composite material as a future water-environmental regulator
Minghao Jiang, Yong Wang, Jichuan Li, Xing Gao
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 269: 131850. CrossRef

Host–microbial interactions in metabolic diseases: from diet to immunity: Ju-Hyung Lee , Joo-Hong Park; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(6):561-575. Published online May 5, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2087-y

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Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is an important contributor to metabolic diseases. Alterations in microbial communities are associated with changes in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, intestinal barrier functions, and chronic inflammation, all of which can lead to metabolic disorders. Therefore, the gut microbiome may represent a novel therapeutic target for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This review discusses how gut microbes and their products affect metabolic diseases and outlines potential treatment approaches via manipulation of the gut microbiome. Increasing our understanding of the interactions between the gut microbiome and host metabolism may help restore the healthy symbiotic relationship between them.

Citations

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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Indications, Methods, and Challenges
Jee Young Lee, Yehwon Kim, Jiyoun Kim, Jiyeun Kate Kim
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(12): 1057. CrossRef
Galectin-4 increases the ability of M2 macrophages to enhance antiviral CD4+ T-cell responses
In-Gu Lee, Yong-Hyun Joo, Hoyeon Jeon, Raehyuk Jeong, Eui Ho Kim, Hyunwoo Chung, Seong-il Eyun, Jeongkyu Kim, Young-Jin Seo, So-Hee Hong
Journal of Leukocyte Biology.2023; 113(1): 71. CrossRef
Microencapsulation of Bacteriophages for the Delivery to and Modulation of the Human Gut Microbiota through Milk and Cereal Products
Christina Schubert, Sabina Fischer, Kathrin Dorsch, Lutz Teßmer, Jörg Hinrichs, Zeynep Atamer
Applied Sciences.2022; 12(13): 6299. CrossRef
Beta-Glucan Alters Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolites in Pre-Weaning Dairy Calves
Zhengzhong Luo, Li Ma, Tao Zhou, Yixin Huang, Liben Zhang, Zhenlong Du, Kang Yong, Xueping Yao, Liuhong Shen, Shumin Yu, Xiaodong Shi, Suizhong Cao
Metabolites.2022; 12(8): 687. CrossRef

Journal Articles

Effect of biostimulation and bioaugmentation on hydrocarbon degradation and detoxification of diesel-contaminated soil: a microcosm study: Patricia Giovanella , Lídia de Azevedo Duarte , Daniela Mayumi Kita , Valéria Maia de Oliveira , Lara Durães Sette; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(7):634-643. Published online May 15, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0395-2

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Abstract

Soil contamination with diesel oil is quite common during processes of transport and storage. Bioremediation is considered a safe, economical, and environmentally friendly approach for contaminated soil treatment. In this context, studies using hydrocarbon bioremediation have focused on total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis to assess process effectiveness, while ecotoxicity has been neglected. Thus, this study aimed to select a microbial consortium capable of detoxifying diesel oil and apply this consortium to the bioremediation of soil contaminated with this environmental pollutant through different bioremediation approaches. Gas chromatography (GC-FID) was used to analyze diesel oil degradation, while ecotoxicological bioassays with the bioindicators Artemia sp., Aliivibrio fischeri (Microtox), and Cucumis sativus were used to assess detoxification. After 90 days of bioremediation, we found that the biostimulation and biostimulation/ bioaugmentation approaches showed higher rates of diesel oil degradation in relation to natural attenuation (41.9 and 26.7%, respectively). Phytotoxicity increased in the biostimulation and biostimulation/bioaugmentation treatments during the degradation process, whereas in the Microtox test, the toxicity was the same in these treatments as that in the natural attenuation treatment. In both the phytotoxicity and Microtox tests, bioaugmentation treatment showed lower toxicity. However, compared with natural attenuation, this approach did not show satisfactory hydrocarbon degradation. Based on the microcosm experiments results, we conclude that a broader analysis of the success of bioremediation requires the performance of toxicity bioassays.

Citations

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Heavy fuel oil-contaminated soil remediation by individual and bioaugmentation-assisted phytoremediation with Medicago sativa and with cold plasma-treated M. sativa
Jūratė Žaltauskaitė, Rimas Meištininkas, Austra Dikšaitytė, Laima Degutytė-Fomins, Vida Mildažienė, Zita Naučienė, Rasa Žūkienė, Kazunori Koga
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2024; 31(20): 30026. CrossRef
Soil Corrosivity Under Natural Attenuation
Larissa O. da Silva, Sara H. de Oliveira, Rafael G. C. da Silva, Magda R. S. Vieira, Ivanilda R. de Melo, Severino L. Urtiga Filho
Materials Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Updating risk remediation-endpoints for petroleum-contaminated soils? A case study in the Ecuadorian Amazon region
Daniel Hidalgo-Lasso, Karina García-Villacís, Jeaneth Urvina Ulloa, Darwin Marín Tapia, Patricio Gómez Ortega, Frederic Coulon
Heliyon.2024; 10(9): e30395. CrossRef
Recent advances in the development and applications of luminescent bacteria–based biosensors
Yingying Li, Yuankun Zhao, Yiyang Du, Xuechun Ren, He Ding, Zhimin Wang
Luminescence.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Oil biodegradation studies with an immobilized bacterial consortium in plant biomass for the construction of bench-scale bioreactor
Rachel M. Ferreira, Bernardo D. Ribeiro, Danielle.M.A. Stapelfeldt, Rodrigo P. do Nascimento, Maria de.F.R. Moreira
Cleaner Chemical Engineering.2023; 6: 100107. CrossRef
Application of Luminescent Bacteria Bioassay in the Detection of Pollutants in Soil
Kai Zhang, Meng Liu, Xinlong Song, Dongyu Wang
Sustainability.2023; 15(9): 7351. CrossRef
Salicylate or Phthalate: The Main Intermediates in the Bacterial Degradation of Naphthalene
Vasili M. Travkin, Inna P. Solyanikova
Processes.2021; 9(11): 1862. CrossRef

A histone deacetylase, MoHOS2 regulates asexual development and virulence in the rice blast fungus: Jongjune Lee , Jae-Joon Lee , Junhyun Jeon; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(12):1115-1125. Published online November 22, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9363-5

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Abstract

Histone acetylation/deacetylation represent a general and efficient epigenetic mechanism through which fungal cells control gene expression. Here we report developmental requirement of MoHOS2-mediated histone deacetylation (HDAC) for the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. Structural similarity and nuclear localization indicated that MoHOS2 is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hos2, which is a member of class I histone deacetylases and subunit of Set3 complex. Deletion of MoHOS2 led to 25% reduction in HDAC activity, compared to the wild-type, confirming that it is a bona-fide HDAC. Lack of MoHOS2 caused decrease in radial growth and impinged dramatically on asexual sporulation. Such reduction in HDAC activity and phenotypic defects of ΔMohos2 were recapitulated by a single amino acid change in conserved motif that is known to be important for HDAC activity. Expression analysis revealed up-regulation of MoHOS2 and concomitant down-regulation of some of the key genes involved in asexual reproduction under sporulation-promoting condition. In addition, the deletion mutant exhibited defect in appressorium formation from both germ tube tip and hyphae. As a result, ΔMohos2 was not able to cause disease symptoms. Wound-inoculation showed that the mutant is compromised in its ability to grow inside host plants as well. We found that some of ROS detoxifying genes and known effector genes are de-regulated in the mutant. Taken together, our data suggest that MoHOS2-dependent histone deacetylation is pivotal for proper timing and induction of transcription of the genes that coordinate developmental changes and host infection in M. oryzae.

Citations

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Glsirt1-mediated deacetylation of GlCAT regulates intracellular ROS levels, affecting ganoderic acid biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum
Jing Han, Lingshuai Wang, Xin Tang, Rui Liu, Liang Shi, Jing Zhu, Mingwen Zhao
Free Radical Biology and Medicine.2024; 216: 1. CrossRef
Histone (de)acetylation in epigenetic regulation of Phytophthora pathobiology
Yufeng Guan, Joanna Gajewska, Jolanta Floryszak‐Wieczorek, Umesh Kumar Tanwar, Ewa Sobieszczuk‐Nowicka, Magdalena Arasimowicz‐Jelonek
Molecular Plant Pathology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
FolSas2 is a regulator of early effector gene expression during Fusarium oxysporum infection
Limin Song, Yalei Wang, Fahui Qiu, Xiaoxia Li, Jingtao Li, Wenxing Liang
New Phytologist.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Regulatory roles of epigenetic modifications in plant-phytopathogen interactions
Zeng Tao, Fei Yan, Matthias Hahn, Zhonghua Ma
Crop Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The additional PRC2 subunit and Sin3 histone deacetylase complex are required for the normal distribution of H3K27me3 occupancy and transcriptional silencing in Magnaporthe oryzae
Chuyu Lin, Zhongling Wu, Huanbin Shi, Jinwei Yu, Mengting Xu, Fucheng Lin, Yanjun Kou, Zeng Tao
New Phytologist.2022; 236(2): 576. CrossRef
Regulatory Roles of Histone Modifications in Filamentous Fungal Pathogens
Yiling Lai, Lili Wang, Weilu Zheng, Sibao Wang
Journal of Fungi.2022; 8(6): 565. CrossRef
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2-Mediated H3K27 Trimethylation Is Required for Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae
Zhongling Wu, Jiehua Qiu, Huanbin Shi, Chuyu Lin, Jiangnan Yue, Zhiquan Liu, Wei Xie, Naweed I. Naqvi, Yanjun Kou, Zeng Tao
Rice Science.2022; 29(4): 363. CrossRef
Protein acetylation and deacetylation in plant‐pathogen interactions
Jing Wang, Chao Liu, Yun Chen, Youfu Zhao, Zhonghua Ma
Environmental Microbiology.2021; 23(9): 4841. CrossRef
Emerging Roles of Posttranslational Modifications in Plant-Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria
Wende Liu, Lindsay Triplett, Xiao-Lin Chen
Annual Review of Phytopathology.2021; 59(1): 99. CrossRef
Fungal Lysine Deacetylases in Virulence, Resistance, and Production of Small Bioactive Compounds
Ingo Bauer, Stefan Graessle
Genes.2021; 12(10): 1470. CrossRef
A Histone Deacetylase, Magnaporthe oryzae RPD3, Regulates Reproduction and Pathogenic Development in the Rice Blast Fungus
Song Hee Lee, Mohamed El-Agamy Farh, Jaejoon Lee, Young Taek Oh, Eunbyeol Cho, Jiyeun Park, Hokyoung Son, Junhyun Jeon, Antonio Di Pietro
mBio.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The Histone Deacetylases MoRpd3 and MoHst4 Regulate Growth, Conidiation, and Pathogenicity in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Chaoxiang Lin, Xue Cao, Ziwei Qu, Shulin Zhang, Naweed I. Naqvi, Yi Zhen Deng, Aaron P. Mitchell
mSphere.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases Are Required for Virulence, Conidiation, DNA Damage Repair, and Multiple Stresses Resistance of Alternaria alternata
Haijie Ma, Lei Li, Yunpeng Gai, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yanan Chen, Xiaokang Zhuo, Yingzi Cao, Chen Jiao, Fred G. Gmitter, Hongye Li
Frontiers in Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Function of PoLAE2, a laeA homolog, in appressorium formation and cAMP signal transduction in Pyricularia oryzae
Pradabrat Prajanket, Kim-Chi Thi Vu, Jun Arai, Worawan Sornkom, Ayumi Abe, Teruo Sone
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry.2020; 84(11): 2401. CrossRef
A Histone Deacetylase, MoHDA1 Regulates Asexual Development and Virulence in the Rice Blast Fungus
Taehyun Kim, Song Hee Lee, Young Taek Oh, Junhyun Jeon
The Plant Pathology Journal.2020; 36(4): 314. CrossRef
Protein Acetylation/Deacetylation: A Potential Strategy for Fungal Infection Control
Junzhu Chen, Qiong Liu, Lingbing Zeng, Xiaotian Huang
Frontiers in Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

The velvet repressed vidA gene plays a key role in governing development in Aspergillus nidulans: Min-Ju Kim , Won-Hee Jung , Ye-Eun Son , Jae-Hyuk Yu , Mi-Kyung Lee , Hee-Soo Park; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(10):893-899. Published online August 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9214-4

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Abstract

Fungal development is regulated by a variety of transcription factors in Aspergillus nidulans. Previous studies demonstrated that the NF-κB type velvet transcription factors regulate certain target genes that govern fungal differentiation and cellular metabolism. In this study, we characterize one of the VosA/VelB-inhibited developmental genes called vidA, which is predicted to encode a 581-amino acid protein with a C2H2 zinc finger domain at the C-terminus. Levels of vidA mRNA are high during the early and middle phases of asexual development and decrease during the late phase of asexual development and asexual spore (conidium) formation. Deletion of either vosA or velB results in increased vidA mRNA accumulation in conidia, suggesting that vidA transcript accumulation in conidia is repressed by VosA and VelB. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that deletion of vidA causes decreased colony growth, reduced production of asexual spores, and abnormal formation of sexual fruiting bodies. In addition, the vidA deletion mutant conidia contain more trehalose and β-glucan than wild type. Overall, these results suggest that VidA is a putative transcription factor that plays a key role in governing proper fungal growth, asexual and sexual development, and conidia formation in A. nidulans.

Citations

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Regulators of the Asexual Life Cycle of Aspergillus nidulans
Ye-Eun Son, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Hee-Soo Park
Cells.2023; 12(11): 1544. CrossRef
The Forkhead Gene fkhB is Necessary for Proper Development in Aspergillus nidulans
Seo-Yeong Jang, Ye-Eun Son, Dong-Soon Oh, Kap-Hoon Han, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Hee-Soo Park
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023; 33(11): 1420. CrossRef
The function of a conidia specific transcription factor CsgA in Aspergillus nidulans
He-Jin Cho, Hee-Soo Park
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Putative C2H2 Transcription Factor VadH Governs Development, Osmotic Stress Response, and Sterigmatocystin Production in Aspergillus nidulans
Xiaoyu Li, Yanxia Zhao, Heungyun Moon, Jieyin Lim, Hee-Soo Park, Zhiqiang Liu, Jae-Hyuk Yu
Cells.2022; 11(24): 3998. CrossRef
The Role of Chromatin and Transcriptional Control in the Formation of Sexual Fruiting Bodies in Fungi
Minou Nowrousian
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Functions of PUF Family RNA-Binding Proteins in Aspergillus nidulans
Sung-Hun Son, Seo-Yeong Jang, Hee-Soo Park
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2021; 31(5): 676. CrossRef
The putative sensor histidine kinase VadJ coordinates development and sterigmatocystin production in Aspergillus nidulans
Yanxia Zhao, Mi-Kyung Lee, Jieyin Lim, Heungyun Moon, Hee-Soo Park, Weifa Zheng, Jae-Hyuk Yu
Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(8): 746. CrossRef
Unveiling the Functions of the VosA-VelB Target GenevidDinAspergillus nidulans
Ye-Eun Son, Hee-Soo Park
Mycobiology.2021; 49(3): 258. CrossRef
Velvet activated McrA plays a key role in cellular and metabolic development in Aspergillus nidulans
Mi-Kyung Lee, Ye-Eun Son, Hee-Soo Park, Ahmad Alshannaq, Kap-Hoon Han, Jae-Hyuk Yu
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of the VosA-repressed dnjA gene in development and metabolism in Aspergillus species
Ye-Eun Son, He-Jin Cho, Wanping Chen, Sung-Hun Son, Mi-Kyung Lee, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Hee-Soo Park
Current Genetics.2020; 66(3): 621. CrossRef
Homeobox proteins are essential for fungal differentiation and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans
Sung-Hun Son, Ye-Eun Son, He-Jin Cho, Wanping Chen, Mi-Kyung Lee, Lee-Han Kim, Dong-Min Han, Hee-Soo Park
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The brlA Gene Deletion Reveals That Patulin Biosynthesis Is Not Related to Conidiation in Penicillium expansum
Chrystian Zetina-Serrano, Ophélie Rocher, Claire Naylies, Yannick Lippi, Isabelle P. Oswald, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(18): 6660. CrossRef

Expression of sexual genes in Aspergillus fumigatus homogeneous culture produced by vegetative mass mating: Joo-Yeon Lim , Hee-Moon Park; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(8):688-693. Published online May 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9094-7

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Abstract

There are presently no studies on the genes for sexual development of Aspergillus fumigatus in situ using mating culture, primarily because of challenging experimental conditions that require a significantly long period of induction and produce developmentally heterogenous culture, harboring very few sexual organs. In order to overcome these challenges, we developed an efficient and convenient procedure called ‘vegetative mass mating (VeM)’ for study at a molecular level. The VeM method enabled production of a developmentally homogenous A. fumigatus culture, harboring many sexual organs in a plate within a short period of two weeks. Feasibility of the use of VeM for functional study of genes during A. fumigatus sexual development was evaluated by analyzing the transcription pattern of genes involved in pheromone signal transduction and regulation of sexual development. Here, we present for the first time, an in situ expression pattern of sexual genes during the mating process, induced by the VeM
method
, which will enable and promote the sexual development study of A. fumigatus at the molecular level.

Citations

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The Gβ-like Protein AfCpcB Affects Sexual Development, Response to Oxidative Stress and Phagocytosis by Alveolar Macrophages in Aspergillus fumigatus
Joo-Yeon Lim, Yeon-Ju Kim, Hee-Moon Park
Journal of Fungi.2022; 8(1): 56. CrossRef
The LAMMER Kinase, LkhA, Affects Aspergillus fumigatus Pathogenicity by Modulating Reproduction and Biosynthesis of Cell Wall PAMPs
Joo-Yeon Lim, Yeon Ju Kim, Seul Ah Woo, Jae Wan Jeong, Yu-Ri Lee, Cheol-Hee Kim, Hee-Moon Park
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Global Sexual Fertility in the Opportunistic Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and Identification of New Supermater Strains
Sameira S. Swilaiman, Céline M. O’Gorman, Wenyue Du, Janyce A. Sugui, Joanne Del Buono, Matthias Brock, Kyung J. Kwon-Chung, George Szakacs, Paul S. Dyer
Journal of Fungi.2020; 6(4): 258. CrossRef

Proteome analysis reveals global response to deletion of mrflbA in Monascus ruber: Qingqing Yan , Zhouwei Zhang , Yishan Yang , Fusheng Chen , Yanchun Shao; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(4):255-263. Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7425-8

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Abstract

Monascus spp. are commonly used for a wide variety of applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In previous studies, the knock-out of mrflbA (a putative regulator of the G protein α subunit) in M. ruber led to autolysis of the mycelia, decreased pigmentation and lowered mycotoxin production. Therefore, we aimed to obtain a comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanism of mrflbA deletion at the proteome level. A two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of mycelial proteins indicated that the abundance of 178 proteins was altered in the ΔmrflbA strain, 33 of which were identified with high confidence. The identified proteins are involved in a range of activities, including carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, hyphal development and the oxidative stress response, protein modification, and the regulation of cell signaling. Consistent with these findings, the activity of antioxidative enzymes and chitinase was elevated in the supernatant of the ΔmrflbA strain. Furthermore, deletion of mrflbA resulted in the transcriptional reduction of secondary metabolites (pigment and mycotoxin). In short, the mutant phenotypes induced by the deletion of mrflbA were consistent with changes in the expression levels of associated proteins, providing direct evidence of the regulatory functions mediated by mrflbA in M. ruber.

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Histone deacetylase MrHos3 negatively regulates the production of citrinin and pigments in Monascus ruber
Qianrui Liu, Yunfan Zheng, Baixue Liu, Fufang Tang, Yanchun Shao
Journal of Basic Microbiology.2023; 63(10): 1128. CrossRef
Histone deacetylase MrRpd3 plays a major regulational role in the mycotoxin production of Monascus ruber
Yunfan Zheng, Yueyan Huang, Zejing Mao, Yanchun Shao
Food Control.2022; 132: 108457. CrossRef
Characterization of key upstream asexual developmental regulators in Monascus ruber M7
Lili Jia, Yuyun Huang, Jae-Hyuk Yu, Marc Stadler, Yanchun Shao, Wanping Chen, Fusheng Chen
Food Bioscience.2022; 50: 102153. CrossRef
Quantitative Proteomics Analysis by Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Mass Spectra–Mass Spectrometry Reveals Inhibition Mechanism of Pigments and Citrinin Production of Monascus Response to High Ammonium Chloride Concentration
Bo Zhou, Yifan Ma, Yuan Tian, Jingbo Li, Haiyan Zhong
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2020; 68(3): 808. CrossRef

Loss of FrmB results in increased size of developmental structures during the multicellular development of Dictyostelium cells: Hyeseon Kim , Mi-Rae Lee , Taeck Joong Jeon; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(9):730-736. Published online September 2, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7221-x

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Abstract

FERM domain-containing proteins are involved in diverse biological and pathological processes, including cell-substrate adhesion, cell-cell adhesion, multicellular development, and cancer metastasis. In this study, we determined the functions of FrmB, a FERM domain-containing protein, in the cell morphology, cell adhesion, and multicellular development of Dictyostelium cells. Our results show that FrmB appears to play an important role in regulating the size of developmental structures. frmB null cells showed prolonged aggregation during development, resulting in increased size of developmental structures, such as mounds and fruiting bodies, compared to those of wild-type cells, whereas FrmB overexpressing cells exhibited decreased size of developmental structures. These results suggest that FrmB may be necessary for limiting the sizes of developmental structures. Loss of FrmB also resulted in decreased cell-substrate adhesion and slightly increased cell area, suggesting that FrmB had important roles in the regulation of cell adhesion and cell morphology. These studies would contribute to our understanding of the intertwined and overlapped functions of FERM domain-containing proteins.

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Adhesion of Dictyostelium Amoebae to Surfaces: A Brief History of Attachments
Lucija Mijanović, Igor Weber
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Opposite functions of RapA and RapC in cell adhesion and migration in Dictyostelium
Jihyeon Jeon, Dongju Kim, Taeck Joong Jeon
Animal Cells and Systems.2021; 25(4): 203. CrossRef

Effects of diet type, developmental stage, and gut compartment in the gut bacterial communities of two Cerambycidae species (Coleoptera): Jeong Myeong Kim , Min-Young Choi , Jae-Woo Kim , Shin Ae Lee , Jae-Hyung Ahn , Jaekyeong Song , Seong-Hyun Kim , Hang-Yeon Weon; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(1):21-30. Published online December 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6561-x

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Abstract

The gut bacterial community of wood-feeding beetles has been examined for its role on plant digestion and biocontrol
method
development. Monochamus alternatus and Psacothea hilaris, both belonging to the subfamily Lamiinae, are woodfeeding beetles found in eastern Asia and Europe and generally considered as destructive pests for pine and mulberry trees, respectively. However, limited reports exist on the gut bacterial communities in these species. Here, we characterized gut bacterial community compositions in larva and imago of each insect species reared with host tree logs and artificial diets as food sources. High-throughput 454 pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed 225 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on a 97% sequences similarity cutoff from 138,279 sequence reads, the majority of which were derived from Proteobacteria (48.2%), Firmicutes (45.5%), and Actinobacteria (5.2%). The OTU network analysis revealed 7 modules with densely connected OTUs in specific gut samples, in which the distributions of Lactococcus-, Kluyvera-, Serratia-, and Enterococcus-related OTUs were distinct between diet types or developmental stages of the host insects. The gut bacterial communities were separated on a detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) plot and by c-means fuzzy clustering analysis, according to diet type. The results from this study suggest that diet was the main determinant for gut bacterial community composition in the two beetles.

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Reviews

MINIREVIEW] Transcriptional control of sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans: Matthew E. Mead , Christina M. Hull; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(5):339-346. Published online April 20, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6080-1

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Abstract

Developmental processes are essential for the normal life cycles of many pathogenic fungi, and they can facilitate survival in challenging environments, including the human host. Sexual development of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans not only produces infectious particles (spores) but has also enabled the evolution of new disease-related traits such as drug resistance. Transcription factor networks are essential to the development and pathogenesis of C. neoformans, and a variety of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins control both key developmental transitions and virulence by regulating the expression of their target genes. In this review we discuss the roles of known transcription factors that harbor important connections to both development and virulence. Recent studies of these transcription factors have identified a common theme in which metabolic, stress, and other responses that are required for sexual development appear to have been co-opted for survival in the human host, thus facilitating pathogenesis. Future work elucidating the connection between development and pathogenesis will provide vital insights into the evolution of complex traits in eukaryotes as well as mechanisms that may be used to combat fungal pathogens.

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REVIEW] Developmental regulators in Aspergillus fumigatus: Hee-Soo Park , Jae-Hyuk Yu; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(3):223-231. Published online February 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5619-5

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Abstract

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogen causing severe and usually fatal invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. This fungus produces a large number of small hydrophobic asexual spores called conidia as the primary means of reproduction, cell survival, propagation, and infectivity. The initiation, progression, and completion of asexual development (conidiation) is controlled by various regulators that govern expression of thousands of genes associated with formation of the asexual developmental structure conidiophore, and biogenesis of conidia. In this review, we summarize key regulators that directly or indirectly govern conidiation in this important pathogenic fungus. Better understanding these developmental regulators may provide insights into the improvement in controlling both beneficial and detrimental aspects of various Aspergillus species.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Identification of seven novel virulence genes from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri by Tn5-based random mutagenesis: Xue Song , Jing Guo , Wen-xiu Ma , Zhi-yuan Ji , Li-fang Zou , Gong-you Chen , Hua-song Zou; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(5):330-336. Published online May 3, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4589-3

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Abstract

To identify novel virulence genes, a mutant library of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri 29-1 was produced using EZ-Tn5 transposon and the mutants were inoculated into susceptible grapefruit. Forty mutants with altered virulence phenotypes were identified. Nine of the mutants showed a complete loss of citrus canker induction, and the other 31 mutants resulted in attenuated canker symptoms. Southern blot analysis revealed that each of the mutants carried a single copy of Tn5. The flanking sequence was identified by plasmid rescue and 18 different ORFs were identified in the genome sequence. Of these 18 ORFs, seven had not been previously associated with the virulence of X. citri subsp. citri and were therefore confirmed by complementation analysis. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the seven genes were upregulated when the bacteria were grown in citrus plants, suggesting that the expression of these genes was essential for canker development.

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Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri type III effector PthA4 directs the dynamical expression of a putative citrus carbohydrate-binding protein gene for canker formation
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The Methyltransferase HemK Regulates the Virulence and Nutrient Utilization of the Phytopathogenic Bacterium Xanthomonas citri Subsp. citri
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A Comprehensive Overview of the Genes and Functions Required for Lettuce Infection by the Hemibiotrophic Phytopathogen Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians
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Comparing bacterial properties in relation to the virulence factors of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strains and evaluating resistance of subtribe Citrinae cultivars to the most virulent strain
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The sigma 54 genes rpoN1 and rpoN2 of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri play different roles in virulence, nutrient utilization and cell motility
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Characterization of NpgA, a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase of Aspergillus nidulans, and evidence of its involvement in fungal growth and formation of conidia and cleistothecia for development: Jung-Mi Kim , Ha-Yeon Song , Hyo-Jin Choi , Kum-Kang So , Dae-Hyuk Kim , Keon-Sang Chae , Dong-Min Han , Kwang-Yeop Jahng; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(1):21-31. Published online January 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4657-8

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Abstract

The null pigmentation mutant (npgA1) in Aspergillus nidulans
results
in a phenotype with colorless organs, decreased branching growth, delayed of asexual spore development, and aberrant cell wall structure. The npgA gene was isolated from A. nidulans to investigate these pleiomorphic phenomena of npgA1 mutant. Sequencing analysis of the complementing gene indicated that it contained a 4􍿁-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) superfamily domain. Enzymatic assay of the PPTase, encoded by the npgA gene, was implemented in vivo and in vitro. Loss-of-function of LYS5, which encoded a PPTase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was functionally complemented by NpgA, and Escherichia coli-derived NpgA revealed phosphopantetheinylation activity with the elaboration of 3􍿁5􍿁-ADP. Deletion of the npgA gene caused perfectly a lethal phenotype and the absence of asexual/sexual sporulation and secondary metabolites such as pigments in A. nidulans. However, a cross feeding effect with A. nidulans wild type allowed recovery from deletion defects, and phased-culture filtrate from the wild type were used to verify that the npgA gene was essential for formation of metabolites needed for development as well as growth. In addition, forced expression of npgA promoted the formation of conidia and cleistothecia as well as growth. These results indicate that the npgA gene is involved in the phosphopantetheinylation required for primary biological processes such as growth, asexual/sexual development, and the synthesis of secondary metabolites in A. nidulans.

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