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- Molecular mechanism of Escherichia coli H10407 induced diarrhoea and its control through immunomodulatory action of bioactives from Simarouba amara (Aubl.)
- Hegde Veena , Sandesh K. Gowda , Rajeshwara N. Achur , Nayaka Boramuthi Thippeswamy
- J. Microbiol. 2021;59(4):435-447. Published online February 25, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0423-2
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- 3 Citations
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Abstract
- Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is a major cause of death in children under the age of five in developing countries. ETEC (O78:H11:CFA/I:LT+:ST+) mechanism has been studied in detail with either heat labile (LT) or heat stable (ST) toxins using in vitro and in vivo models. However, there is no adequate information on ETEC pathogenesis producing both the toxins (LT, ST) in BALB/c mice model. In this study, female mice have been employed to understand ETEC H10407 infection induced changes in physiology, biochemical and immunological patterns up to seven days post-infection and the antidiarrhoeal effect of Simarouba amara (Aubl.) bark aqueous extract (SAAE) has also been looked into. The results indicate that BALB/c is sensitive to ETEC infection resulting in altered jejunum and ileum histomorphology. Withal, ETEC influenced cAMP, PGE2, and NO production resulting in fluid accumulation with varied Na+, K+, Cl-, and Ca2+ levels. Meanwhile, ETEC subverted expression of IL-1β, intestine alkaline phosphatase (IAP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in jejunum and ileum. Our data also indicate the severity of pathogenesis reduction which might be due to attainment of equilibrium after reaching optimum rate of infection. Nevertheless, degree of pathogenesis was highly significant (p < 0.01) in all the studied parameters. Besides that, SAAE was successful in reducing the infectious diarrhoea by inhibiting ETEC H10407 in intestine (jejunum and ileum), and shedding in feces. SAAE decreased cAMP, PGE2, and fluid accumulation effectively and boosted the functional activity of immune system in jejunum and ileum IAP, MPO, IL-1β, and nitric oxide.
- Leucobacter coleopterorum sp. nov., Leucobacter insecticola sp. nov., and Leucobacter viscericola sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of the diving beetles, Cybister brevis and Cybister lewisianus, and emended description of the genus Leucobacter
- Dong-Wook Hyun , Hojun Sung , Pil Soo Kim , Ji-Hyun Yun , Jin-Woo Bae
- J. Microbiol. 2021;59(4):360-368. Published online January 26, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0472-6
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- 9 Citations
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Abstract
- Three novel bacterial strains, HDW9AT, HDW9BT, and HDW9CT, isolated from the intestine of the diving beetles Cybister lewisianus and Cybister brevis, were characterized as three novel species using a polyphasic approach. The isolates were Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic, non-motile, and rod-shaped. They grew optimally at 30°C (pH 7) in the presence of 0.5% (wt/vol) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that they belong to the genus Leucobacter and are closely related to L. denitrificans M1T8B10T (98.4–98.7% sequence similarity). Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values among the isolates were 76.4–84.1%. ANI values for the isolates and the closest taxonomic species, L. denitrificans KACC 14055T, were 72.3–73.1%. The isolates showed ANI values of < 76.5% with all analyzable Leucobacter strains in the EzBioCloud database. The genomic DNA G + C content of the isolates was 60.3–62.5%. The polar lipid components were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and other unidentified glycolipids, phospholipids, and lipids. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso- C15:0, iso-C16:0, and anteiso-C17:0. MK-10 was the major respiratory quinone, and MK-7 and MK-11 were the minor respiratory quinones. The whole-cell sugar components of the isolates were ribose, glucose, galactose, and mannose. The isolates harbored L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, L-serine, L-lysine, L-aspartic acid, glycine, and D-glutamic acid within the cell wall peptidoglycan. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses, strains HDW9AT, HDW9BT, and HDW9CT represent three novel species within the genus Leucobacter. We propose the name Leucobacter coleopterorum sp. nov. for strain HDW9AT (= KACC 21331T = KCTC 49317T = JCM 33667T), the name Leucobacter insecticola sp. nov. for strain HDW9BT (= KACC 21332T = KCTC 49318T = JCM 33668T), and the name Leucobacter viscericola sp. nov. for strain HDW9CT (= KACC 21333T = KCTC 49319T = JCM 33669T).
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