Journal of Microbiology

Journal Article

Gut Lactobacillus and Probiotics Lactobacillus lactis/rhamnosis Ameliorate Liver Fibrosis in Prevention and Treatment: Sung Min Won , Na Young Lee , Ki&# , Haripriya Gupta , Satya Priya Sharma , Kyung Hwan Kim , Byoung Kook Kim , Hyun Chae Joung , Jin Ju Jeong , Raja Ganesan , Sang Hak Han , Sang Jun Yoon , Dong Joon Kim , Ki Tae Suk; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(2):245-257. Published online February 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00014-y

Abstract: The progression and exacerbation of liver fibrosis are closely related to the gut microbiome. It is hypothesized that some probiotics may slow the progression of liver fibrosis. In human stool analysis [healthy group (n = 44) and cirrhosis group (n = 18)], difference in Lactobacillus genus between healthy group and cirrhosis group was observed. Based on human data, preventive and therapeutic effect of probiotics Lactobacillus lactis and L. rhamnosus was evaluated by using four mice fibrosis models. L. lactis and L. rhamnosus were supplied to 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine or carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis C57BL/6 mouse model. Serum biochemical measurements, tissue staining, and mRNA expression in the liver were evaluated. The microbiome was analyzed in mouse cecal contents. In the mouse model, the effects of Lactobacillus in preventing and treating liver fibrosis were different for each microbe species. In case of L. lactis, all models showed preventive and therapeutic effects against liver fibrosis. In microbiome analysis in mouse models administered Lactobacillus, migration and changes in the ratio and composition of the gut microbial community were confirmed. L. lactis and L. rhamnosus showed preventive and therapeutic effects on the progression of liver fibrosis, suggesting that Lactobacillus intake may be a useful strategy for prevention and treatment.

Review

T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in humans and animals: Sameer-ul-Salam Mattoo , Jinjong Myoung; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(3):276-289. Published online February 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1624-z

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, first emerged in 2019. Antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 have been given a lot of attention. However, the armamentarium of humoral and T cells may have differing roles in different viral infections. Though the exact role of T cells in COVID-19 remains to be elucidated, prior experience with human coronavirus has revealed an essential role of T cells in the outcomes of viral infections. Moreover, an increasing body of evidence suggests that T cells might be effective against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes the role of T cells in mouse CoV, human pathogenic respiratory CoV in general and SARSCoV- 2 in specific.

Journal Article

Crystal structure of the nuclease and capping domain of SbcD from Staphylococcus aureus: Jinwook Lee , Inseong Jo , Jinsook Ahn , Seokho Hong , Soyeon Jeong , Aeran Kwon , Nam-Chul Ha; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(6):584-589. Published online April 20, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1012-0

Abstract: The SbcCD complex is an essential component of the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair system in bacteria. The bacterial SbcCD complex recognizes and cleaves the DNA ends in DSBs by ATP-dependent endo- and exonuclease activities as an early step of the DNA repair process. SbcD consists of nuclease, capping, and helix-loop-helix domains. Here, we present the crystal structure of a SbcD fragment from Staphylococcus aureus, which contained nuclease and capping domains, at a resolution of 2.9 Å. This structure shows a dimeric assembly similar to that of the corresponding domains of SbcD from Escherichia coli. The S. aureus SbcD fragment exhibited endonuclease activities on supercoiled DNA and exonuclease activity on linear and nicked DNA. This study contributes to the understanding of the molecular basis for how bacteria can resist sterilizing treatment, causing DNA damage.

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