Journal of Microbiology

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Multiple cellular roles of Neurospora crassa plc-1, splA2, and cpe-1 in regulation of cytosolic free calcium, carotenoid accumulation, stress responses, and acquisition of thermotolerance§: Ananya Barman , Ranjan Tamuli; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(4):226-235. Published online January 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4465-1

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Phospholipase C1 (PLC1), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and Ca2+/H+ exchanger proteins regulate calcium signaling and homeostasis in eukaryotes. In this study, we investigate functions for phospholipase C1 (plc-1), sPLA2 (splA2) and a Ca2+/H+ exchanger (cpe-1) in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. The Δplc-1, ΔsplA2, and Δcpe-1 mutants exhibited a growth defect on medium supplemented with the divalent ionophore A23187, suggesting that these genes might play a role in regulation of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) in N. crassa. The strains lacking plc-1, splA2, and cpe-1 possessed higher carotenoid content than wild type at 8°C, 22°C, and 30°C, and showed increased ultraviolet (UV)- survival under conditions that induced carotenoid accumulation. Moreover, Δplc-1, ΔsplA2, and Δcpe-1 mutants showed reduced survival rate under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and induced thermotolerance after exposure to heat shock temperatures. Thus, this study revealed multiple cellular roles for plc-1, splA2, and cpe-1 genes in regulation of [Ca2+]c, carotenoid accumulation, survival under stress conditions, and acquisition of thermotolerance induced by heat shock.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Biochemical Characteristics of Immune-Associated Phospholipase A2 and Its Inhibition by an Entomopathogenic Bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila: Sony Shrestha , Yonggyun Kim; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(6):774-782. Published online February 4, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-0145-3

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Abstract: An entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, induces an immunosuppression of target insects by inhibiting phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity. Recently, an immune-associated PLA2 gene was identified from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. This study cloned this PLA2 gene in a bacterial expression vector to produce a recombinant enzyme. The recombinant T. castaneum PLA2 (TcPLA2) exhibited its characteristic enzyme activity with substrate concentration, pH, and ambient temperature. Its biochemical characteristics matched to a secretory type of PLA2 (sPLA2) because its activity was inhibited by dithiothreitol (a reducing agent of disulfide bond) and bromophenacyl bromide (a specific sPLA2 inhibitor) but not by methylarachidonyl fluorophosphonate (a specific cytosolic type of PLA2). The X. nematophila culture broth contained PLA2 inhibitory factor(s), which was most abundant in the media obtained at a stationary bacterial growth phase. The PLA2 inhibitory factor(s) was heat-resistant and extracted in both aqueous and organic fractions. Effect of a PLA2-inhibitory fraction on the immunosuppression of T. castaneum was equally comparable with that resulted from inhibition of the TcPLA2 gene expression by RNA interference.

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