Journal of Microbiology

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Lysobacter arenosi sp. nov. and Lysobacter solisilvae sp. nov. isolated from soil: Kyeong Ryeol Kim† , Kyung Hyun Kim† , Shehzad Abid Khan , Hyung Min Kim , Dong Min Han , Che Ok Jeon; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(8):709-718. Published online June 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1156-y

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Two Gram-stain negative, yellow-pigmented, and mesophilic bacteria, designated strains R7T and R19T, were isolated from sandy and forest soil, South Korea, respectively. Both strains were non-motile rods showing catalase- and oxidase-positive activities. Both strains were shown to grow at 10–37°C and pH 6.0–9.0, and in the presence of 0–1.5% (w/v) NaCl. Strain R7T contained iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and summed feature 9 (comprising C16:0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17:1 ω9c), whereas strain R19T contained iso-C11:0 3-OH, C16:1 ω7c alcohol, iso-C11:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and summed feature 9 (comprising C16:0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17:1 ω9c) as major cellular fatty acids (> 5%). Both strains contained ubiquinone- 8 as the sole isoprenoid quinone and phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and an unidentified phospholipid as the major polar lipids. The DNA G + C contents of strains R7T and R19T calculated from their genomes were 66.9 mol% and 68.9 mol%, respectively. Strains R7T and R19T were most closely related to Lysobacter panacisoli C8-1T and Lysobacter niabensis GH34-4T with 98.7% and 97.8% 16S rRNA sequence similarities, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains R7T and R19T formed distinct phylogenetic lineages within the genus Lysobacter. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and molecular features, strains R7T and R19T represent novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the names Lysobacter arenosi sp. nov. and Lysobacter solisilvae sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains of L. arenosi and L. solisilvae are R7T (= KACC 21663T = JCM 34257T) and R19T (= KACC 21767T = JCM 34258T), respectively.

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Luteimonas flava sp. nov. and Aquilutibacter rugosus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from freshwater environments in China and re-examining the taxonomic status of genera Luteimonas and Lysobacter
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Zur-regulated lipoprotein A contributes to the fitness of Acinetobacter baumannii: Eun Kyung Lee , Chul Hee Choi , Man Hwan Oh; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(1):67-77. Published online January 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9531-7

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Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii is a notorious nosocomial pathogen that commonly infects severely ill patients. Zinc (Zn) is essential to survive and adapt to different environment and host niches in A. baumannii. Of the Zinc uptake regulator (Zur)-regulated genes in A. baumannii, the A1S_3412 gene encoding a Zur-regulated lipoprotein A (ZrlA) is critical for cell envelope integrity and overcoming antibiotic exposure. This study investigated whether ZrlA contributes to the fitness of A. baumannii in vitro and in vivo using the wildtype A. baumannii ATCC 17978, ΔzrlA mutant, and zrlAcomplemented strains. The ΔzrlA mutant showed reduced biofilm formation, surface motility, and adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells compared to the wild-type strain. In a mouse pneumonia model, the ΔzrlA mutant showed significantly lower bacterial numbers in the blood than the wildtype strain. These virulence traits were restored in the zrlAcomplemented strain. Under static conditions, the expression of csuCDE, which are involved in the chaperone-usher pili assembly system, was significantly lower in the ΔzrlA mutant than in the wild-type strain. Moreover, the expression of the bfmR/S genes, which regulate the CsuA/BABCDE system, was significantly lower in the ΔzrlA mutant under static conditions than in the wild-type strain. Our results indicate that the zrlA gene plays a role in the fitness of A. baumannii by regulating the BfmR/S two-component system and subsequently the CsuA/BABCDE chaperone-usher pili assembly system, suggesting it as a potential target for anti-virulence strategies against A. baumannii.

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Molecular Detection of Pap II, OmpA, and LuxR Genes Responsible for Biofilm Formation in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Hospitalized Patients
Estabraq Ali Maklef, Amal A. Kareem, Susan F. K. Al-Sudani
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Pathogenicity and virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii : Factors contributing to the fitness in healthcare settings and the infected host
Massimiliano Lucidi, Daniela Visaggio, Antonella Migliaccio, Giulia Capecchi, Paolo Visca, Francesco Imperi, Raffaele Zarrilli
Virulence.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Characterization of the Zinc Uptake Repressor (Zur) from Acinetobacter baumannii
Minyong Kim, My Tra Le, Lixin Fan, Courtney Campbell, Sambuddha Sen, Daiana A. Capdevila, Timothy L. Stemmler, David P. Giedroc
Biochemistry.2024; 63(5): 660. CrossRef
Acinetobacter Metabolism in Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance
Xiaomei Ren, Lauren D. Palmer, Karen M. Ottemann
Infection and Immunity.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A response regulator controls Acinetobacter baumannii virulence by acting as an indole receptor
Binbin Cui, Quan Guo, Xia Li, Shihao Song, Mingfang Wang, Gerun Wang, Aixin Yan, Jianuan Zhou, Yinyue Deng, Marenda Wilson-Pham
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The role of quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and iron acquisition as key virulence mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii and the corresponding anti-virulence strategies
Soffi Kei Kei Law, Hock Siew Tan
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Carboxy-Terminal Processing Protease Controls Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles and Biofilm in Acinetobacter baumannii
Rakesh Roy, Ren-In You, Chan-Hua Chang, Chiou-Ying Yang, Nien-Tsung Lin
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Diversity of Cyanobacterial Species and Phylotypes in Biofilms from the Littoral Zone of Lake Baikal: Ekaterina G. Sorokovikova , Olga I. Belykh , Anna S. Gladkikh , Oleg V. Kotsar , Irina V. Tikhonova , Oleg A. Timoshkin , Valentina V. Parfenova; J. Microbiol. 2013;51(6):757-765. Published online December 19, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-3240-4

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Abstract

The majority of naturally occurring biofilms contain numerous microorganisms that have not yet been cultured. Additionally, there is little information available regarding the genetic structure and species diversity of these communities. Therefore, we characterised the species diversity, structure and metagenome of biofilms grown on stones and steel plates in the littoral zone of Lake Baikal (East Siberia, Russia) by applying three different approaches. First, light microscopy enabled identification of the species diversity of biofilm-forming cyanobacteria on different substrates with the dominance of Rivularia rufescens, Tolypothrix limbata, Chamaesiphon fuscus, Сh. subglobosus, and Heteroleibleinia pusilla. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy was used to show the spatial structure of biofilms. Finally, sequence analysis of 30,660 16S rRNA clones indicated a high diversity within the biofilm communities, with the majority of the microbes being closely related to Cyanobacteria (8–46% sequences), Proteobacteria (14–43%), and Bacteroidetes (10– 41%). Rivularia sp., Pseudanabaena sp., and Chamaesiphon spp. were the dominant cyanobacterial phylotypes.

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Time-series metagenomics reveals changing protistan ecology of a temperate dimictic lake
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Impact of meltwater flow intensity on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of microbial mats in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
A Zoumplis, B Kolody, D Kaul, H Zheng, P Venepally, D M McKnight, C Takacs-Vesbach, A DeVries, A E Allen
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Water Quality, Toxicity and Diversity of Planktonic and Benthic Cyanobacteria in Pristine Ancient Lake Khubsugul (Hövsgöl), Mongolia
Olga I. Belykh, Ekaterina G. Sorokovikova, Irina V. Tomberg, Galina A. Fedorova, Anton V. Kuzmin, Andrey Yu. Krasnopeev, Maria Yu. Suslova, Sergey A. Potapov, Tatiana I. Belykh, Jadambaa Norovsuren, Agnia D. Galachyants, Irina V. Tikhonova
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Agnia Dmitrievna Galachyants, Andrey Yurjevich Krasnopeev, Galina Vladimirovna Podlesnaya, Sergey Anatoljevich Potapov, Elena Viktorovna Sukhanova, Irina Vasiljevna Tikhonova, Ekaterina Andreevna Zimens, Marsel Rasimovich Kabilov, Natalia Albertovna Zhuch
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Yulia Zvereva, Olga Medvezhonkova, Tatyana Naumova, Natalia Sheveleva, Anton Lukhnev, Ekaterina Sorokovikova, Taisia Evstigneeva, Oleg Timoshkin
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NOTE] A Simple and Reliable Method for Obtaining Entomosporium Monoconidial Isolates: Mi-Jeong Park , Quinn A. Holtslag , Hyeon-Dong Shin; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(2):324-326. Published online May 3, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1117-y

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Abstract: Monoconidial isolates of Entomosporium mespili were successfully cultured using a simple isolation procedure. A detailed description of the steps required for isolating E. mespili is provided. The characteristic pattern of conidial germination and growth on potato dextrose agar is also described. The process that was successful in obtaining pure isolates involved collecting material in the morning, picking a glistening white mass of conidia under dissecting microscope magnification, depositing a mass of conidia onto a drop of water on a glass slide, streaking the conidial mass onto potato dextrose agar, incubating the plate for 48 h, and transferring the characteristic fan-shaped colonies to fresh medium.

Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilms: Variations Among Strains and Correlations with Other Cell Properties: Christin N. McQueary , Luis A. Actis; J. Microbiol. 2011;49(2):243-250. Published online May 3, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0343-7

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Abstract: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in humans by colonizing and persisting on surfaces normally found in hospital settings. The capacity of this pathogen to persist in these settings could be due to its ability to form biofilms on inanimate surfaces. This report shows that although the ATCC 19606T type strain and 8 different clinical isolates form biofilms, there are significant variations in the cell density and microscopic structures of these cell aggregates, with 3 of the isolates forming pellicles floating on the surface of stagnant broth cultures. PCR indicated that, like ATCC 19606T, all 8 clinical isolates harbor all the genetic components of the CsuA/BABCDE chaperone-usher pili assembly system, which is needed for biofilm formation on plastic. Pili detection in cells of all strains examined supports the presence and function of a pilus assembly system. However, only one of them produced the putative ATCC 19606T CsuA/B pilin subunit protein. Hydrophobicity tests and motility assays also showed significant variations among all tested strains and did not result in direct correlations between the biofilm phenotype and cell properties that could affect biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. This lack of correlation among these 3 phenotypes may reflect some of the variations already reported with this pathogen, which may pose a challenge in the treatment of the infections this pathogen causes in humans using biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces as a target.

Sequence Analysis of the Cytochrome b Gene of Trimorphomyces papilionaceus Mitochondria: Kim, Young Hyun , Kang, Young Won , Jung, Hack Sung; J. Microbiol. 1995;33(1):5-9.

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Abstract: The DNA sequence of the cytochrome b (cob) gene region of Trimorphomyces papilionaceus mitochondrial DNA has been determined. The cob gene is interrupted by an intron of 1267 bp, which has an open reading frame of 897 bp contiguous to to the upstream exon. The intron belongs to group IB and contains a reading frame with a GIY-10-YVG motif. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 52~60% homology with those of other reported fungi. The phylogenetic relationship of T. papilionaceus with Neurospora crassa, Podospora adserina, Aspergillus nidulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Homo sapiens were inferred through sequence alignment and homology comparison of amino acids deduced from cob genes. When Homo sapiens was set as an outgroup, two ascomycetous yeasts S. cerevisiae and S. pombe made one group and three ascomycetous fungi N. crassa, P. anserine, and a basidiomycetous fungus T. papilionaceus the other group, suggesting that the former group evolved first and then the latter group separated into ascomycetous and basidiomycetous fungi right after that.

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