Journal of Microbiology

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Enhanced Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Production by a Newly Isolated Bacillus halotolerans F29: Xiaorong Sun, Yaoyu Cai, Dexin Wang; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(8):695-707. Published online August 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00153-w

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Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a promising biopolymer for various applications. In this study, we isolated a novel γ-PGA-producing strain, Bacillus halotolerans F29. The one-factor-at-a-time method was used to investigate the influence of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and culture parameters on γ-PGA production. The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were sucrose and (NH₄)₂SO₄, respectively. The optimal culture conditions for γ-PGA production were determined to be 37 °C and a pH of 5.5. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum medium components: 77.6 g/L sucrose, 43.0 g/L monosodium glutamate, and 2.2 g/L K₂HPO₄. The γ-PGA titer increased significantly from 8.5 ± 0.3 g/L to 20.7 ± 0.7 g/L when strain F29 was cultivated in the optimized medium. Furthermore, the γ-PGA titer reached 50.9 ± 1.5 g/L with a productivity of 1.33 g/L/h and a yield of 2.23 g of γ-PGA/g of L-glutamic acid with the optimized medium in fed-batch fermentation. The maximum γ-PGA titer reached 45.3 ± 1.1 g/L, with a productivity of 1.06 g/L/h when molasses was used as a carbon source. It should be noted that the γ-PGA yield in this study was the highest of all reported studies, indicating great potential for the industrial production of γ-PGA.

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Transcriptomics-guided rational engineering in Bacillus licheniformis for enhancing poly-γ-glutamic acid biosynthesis using untreated molasses
Rui Han, Qian Zhong, Yifan Yan, Juan Wang, Yifan Zhu, Sha Li, Peng Lei, Rui Wang, Yibin Qiu, Zhengshan Luo, Hong Xu
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 282: 137514. CrossRef

Optimization of Enterobacter cloacae (KU923381) for diesel oil degradation using Response Surface Methodology (RSM): Sugumar Ramasamy , Arumugam Arumugam , Preethy Chandran; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(2):104-111. Published online January 26, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6265-2

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Abstract

Efficiency of Enterobacter cloacae KU923381 isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil was evaluated in batch culture and bioreactor mode. The isolate were screened for biofilm formation using qualitative and quantitative assays. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of pH, temperature, glucose concentration, and sodium chloride on diesel degradation. The predicted values for diesel oil degradation efficiency by the statistical designs are in a close agreement with experimental data (R2 = 99.66%). Degradation efficiency is increased by 36.78% at pH = 7, temperature = 35°C, glucose = 5%, and sodium chloride concentration = 5%. Under the optimized conditions, the experiments were performed for diesel oil degradation by gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis confirmed that E. cloacae had highly degrade hexadecane, heptadecane, tridecane, and docosane by 99.71%, 99.23%, 99.66%, and 98.34% respectively. This study shows that rapid bioremoval of hydrocarbons in diesel oil is acheived by E. cloacae with abet of biofilm formation. The potential use of the biofilms for preparing trickling filters (gravel particles) for the degradation of hydrocarbons from petroleum wastes before their disposal in the open environment is highly suggested. This is the first successful attempt for artificially establishing petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacterial biofilm on solid substrates in bioreactor.

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Israt Jerin, Md. Sifat Rahi, Tanjia Sultan, Md. Shihabul Islam, Salek Ahmed Sajib, Kazi Md. Faisal Hoque, Md Abu Reza
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Mukkaram Ejaz, Baowei Zhao, Xiukang Wang, Safdar Bashir, Fasih Ullah Haider, Zubair Aslam, Muhammad Imran Khan, Muhammad Shabaan, Muhammad Naveed, Adnan Mustafa
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Yuan Liu, Yun Yang Wan, Chunjiang Wang, Zheyu Ma, Xiaoli Liu, Shengjin Li
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Application of Response Surface Methodology for Rapid Chrysene Biodegradation by Newly Isolated Marine-derived Fungus Cochliobolus lunatus Strain CHR4D: Jwalant K. Bhatt , Chirag M. Ghevariya , Dushyant R. Dudhagara , Rahul K. Rajpara , Bharti P. Dave; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(11):908-917. Published online October 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4137-6

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Abstract

For the first time, Cochliobolus lunatus strain CHR4D, a marine-derived ascomycete fungus isolated from historically contaminated crude oil polluted shoreline of Alang-Sosiya ship-breaking yard, at Bhavnagar coast, Gujarat has been reported showing the rapid and enhanced biodegradation of chrysene, a four ringed high molecular weight (HMW) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Mineral Salt Broth (MSB) components such as ammonium tartrate and glucose along with chrysene, pH and trace metal solution have been successfully optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD). A validated, two-step optimization protocol has yielded a substantial 93.10% chrysene degradation on the 4th day, against unoptimized 56.37% degradation on the 14th day. The results depict 1.65 fold increase in chrysene degradation and 1.40 fold increase in biomass with a considerable decrement in time. Based on the successful laboratory experiments, C. lunatus strain CHR4D can thus be predicted as a potential candidate for mycoremediation of HMW PAHs impacted environments.

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Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety.2025; 289: 117431. CrossRef
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Thamraa Alshahrani, Ganesh Jethave, Anil Nemade, Yogesh Khairnar, Umesh Fegade, Monali Khachane, Amir Al-Ahmed, Firoz Khan
Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems.2024; 249: 105132. CrossRef
Diversity, Lifestyle, Genomics, and Their Functional Role of Cochliobolus, Bipolaris, and Curvularia Species in Environmental Remediation and Plant Growth Promotion under Biotic and Abiotic Stressors
Nasir Ali Khan, Sajjad Asaf, Waqar Ahmad, Rahmatullah Jan, Saqib Bilal, Ibrahim Khan, Abdul Latif Khan, Kyung-Min Kim, Ahmed Al-Harrasi
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Jorge R. Virués-Segovia, Salvador Muñoz-Mira, Rosa Durán-Patrón, Josefina Aleu
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Tushar Mehta, Mukesh Meena, Adhishree Nagda
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Enhanced Production of Carboxymethylcellulase by a Marine Bacterium, Bacillus velezensis A-68, by Using Rice Hulls in Pilot-scale Bioreactor under Optimized Conditions for Dissolved Oxygen: Wa Gao , Hye-Jin Kim , Chung-Han Chung , Jin-Woo Lee; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(9):755-761. Published online July 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4156-3

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Abstract

The optimal conditions for the production of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) by Bacillus velezensis A-68 at a flask scale have been previously reported. In this study, the parameters involved in dissolved oxygen in 7 and 100 L bioreactors were optimized for the pilot-scale production of CMCase. The optimal agitation speed and aeration rate for cell growth of B. velezensis A-68 were 323 rpm and 1.46 vvm in a 7 L bioreactor, whereas those for the production of CMCase were 380 rpm and 0.54 vvm, respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) implied that the highly significant factor for cell growth was the aeration rate, whereas that for the production of CMCase was the agitation speed. The optimal inner pressures for cell growth and the production of CMCase by B. velezensis A-68 in a 100 L bioreactor were 0.00 and 0.04 MPa, respectively. The maximal production of CMCase in a 100 L bioreactor under optimized conditions using rice hulls was 108.1 U/ml, which was 1.8 times higher than that at a flask scale under previously optimized conditions.

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Journal Articles

Application of Statistical Experimental Design for Optimization of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis by a Nanofactory Streptomyces viridochromogenes: Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar , Nayera A.M. Abdelwahed; J. Microbiol. 2014;52(1):53-63. Published online January 4, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3410-z

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Abstract

Central composite design was chosen to determine the combined effects of four process variables (AgNO3 concentration, incubation period, pH level and inoculum size) on the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Streptomycesviridochromogenes. Statistical analysis of the results showed that incubation period, initial pH level and inoculum size had significant effects (P􌥑0.05) on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles at their individual level. The maximum biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved at a concentration of 0.5% (v/v) of 1 mM AgNO3, incubation period of 96 h, initial pH of 9 and inoculum size of 2% (v/v). After optimization, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was improved by approximately 5-fold as compared to that of the unoptimized conditions. The synthetic process of silver nanoparticle generation using the reduction of aqueous Ag+ ion by the culture supernatants of S. viridochromogenes was quite fast, and silver nanoparticles were formed immediately by the addition of AgNO3 solution (1 mM) to the cell-free supernatant. Initial characterization of silver nanoparticles was performed by visual observation of color change from yellow to intense brown color. UV-visible spectrophotometry for measuring surface plasmon resonance showed a single absorption peak at 400 nm, which confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis provided evidence for proteins as possible reducing and capping agents for stabilizing the nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed the extracellular formation of spherical silver nanoparticles in the size range of 2.15–7.27 nm. Compared to the cell-free supernatant, the biosynthesized AgNPs revealed superior antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacterial strains and Candida albicans.

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Response Surface Analysis for the Production of an Enantioselective Lipase from Aspergillus niger by Solid-State Fermentation: Fabiano Jares Contesini , Vania Castriani Fernades da Silva , Rafael Ferreira Maciel , Rosemary Joana de Lima , Francisco Fábio Cavalcante Barros , Patrícia de Oliveira Carvalho; J. Microbiol. 2009;47(5):563-571. Published online October 24, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0279-8

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Abstract: The lipase produced by the Aspergillus niger strain AC-54 has been widely studied due to its enantioselectivity for racemic mixtures. This study aimed to optimize the production of this enzyme using statistical methodology. Initially a Plackett-Burman (PB) design was used to evaluate the effects of the culture medium components and the culture conditions. Twelve factors were screened: water content, glucose, yeast extract, peptone, olive oil, temperature, NaH2PO4, KH2PO4, MgSO4․7H2O, CaCl2, NaCl, and MnSO4. The screening showed that the significant factors were water content, glucose, yeast extract, peptone, NaH2PO4, and KH2PO4, which were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and a mathematical model obtained to explain the behavioral process. The best lipase activity was attained using the following conditions: water content (20%), glucose (4.8%), yeast extract (4.0%), and NaH2PO4 (4.0%). The predicted lipase activity was 33.03 U/ml and the experimental data confirmed the validity of the model. The enzymatic activity was expressed as µmoles of oleic acid released per minute of reaction (µmol/min).

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