Prevalence of human Norovirus by genotype in contaminated groundwater in Korea over the last decade (2007–2016)

Siwon Lee; Junhyeong Jang; Kyungseon Bae; Wonseok Lee; Hyenmi Chung; Sangjung Park

doi:10.1007/s12275-018-8340-8

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Prevalence of human Norovirus by genotype in contaminated groundwater in Korea over the last decade (2007–2016): Siwon Lee , Junhyeong Jang , Kyungseon Bae , Wonseok Lee , Hyenmi Chung , Sangjung Park; Journal of Microbiology 2018;56(12):926-931.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8340-8
Published online: November 27, 2018

Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of KoreaWater Supply and Sewerage Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea

Corresponding author: Sangjung Park , Tel: +82-32-560-8353;,

Received: 22 June 2018 • Revised: 6 August 2018 • Accepted: 28 August 2018

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Abstract

This study investigated the occurrence of human Norovirus (HuNoV) by genotype in 1,486 groundwater samples collected from 843 groundwater wells suspected of contamination during 2007–2016, in South Korea. We identified and genotyped 186 HuNoV sequences in 178 HuNoV-positive samples using the RIVM-NoroNet norovirus genotyping tool (NGT) and phylogenetic tree analysis based on RIVM-NoroNet reference sequences. HuNoV GII was more prevalent than GI. The major genotypes detected were HuNoV GII.4 (43.0%), GII.22 (15.6%), GI.5 (10.2%), and GI.1 (8.6%); several genotypes accounted for < 5.0% of all HuNoVs, including GII.17, GI.6, GI.4, GII.6, GI.8, GII.3, GII.13, GI.3, GI.7, GI.2, GI.9, GII.1, GII.8, and GII.10. The prevalence of HuNoVs and number of genotypes detected has drastically decreased over the last decade. HuNoV GII.17, the emerging genotype worldwide including Europe and Asia, appeared in Korean groundwater from 2010, dominated in 2013–2014, and continued to be observed. HuNoV GII.4, the major type occurred last decade from Korean groundwater except 2013–2014, continued to be detected and prevalent similar to HuNoV GII.17 in 2016.

Keywords: genotype;groundwater;human Norovirus;HuNoV genotype

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Prevalence of human Norovirus by genotype in contaminated groundwater in Korea over the last decade (2007–2016)

J. Microbiol. 2018;56(12):926-931. Published online November 27, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8340-8

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