The effects of cigarettes and alcohol on intestinal microbiota in healthy men

Renbin Lin; Yawen Zhang; Luyi Chen; Yadong Qi; Jiamin He; Mengjia Hu; Ying Zhang; Lina Fan; Tao Yang; Lan Wang; Misi Si; Shujie Chen

doi:10.1007/s12275-020-0006-7

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The effects of cigarettes and alcohol on intestinal microbiota in healthy men: Renbin Lin ^1,2, Yawen Zhang ^1,2, Luyi Chen ^1,2, Yadong Qi ^1,2, Jiamin He ^1,2, Mengjia Hu ^1,2, Ying Zhang ^1,2, Lina Fan ^1,2, Tao Yang ^1,2, Lan Wang ^1,2, Misi Si ³, Shujie Chen ^1,2; Journal of Microbiology 2020;58(11):926-937.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0006-7
Published online: October 30, 2020

¹Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China, ²Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China, ³The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China¹Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China, ²Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China, ³The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China

Corresponding author: Lan Wang , Tel: +86-0571-86006788,
Misi Si , Tel: +86-0571-86006788,
Shujie Chen , Tel: +86-0571-86006788,

Received: 6 January 2020 • Revised: 27 July 2020 • Accepted: 29 July 2020

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Abstract

Human intestinal microbiota is affected by the exogenous microenvironment. This study aimed to determine the effects of cigarettes and alcohol on the gut microbiota of healthy men. In total, 116 healthy male subjects were enrolled and divided into four groups: non-smoking and non-drinking (Group A), smoking only (Group B), drinking only (Group C), and smoking and drinking combined (Group D). Fecal samples were collected and sequenced using 16S rRNA to analyze the microbial composition. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) levels in feces were determined by gas chromatography. We found that cigarette and alcohol consumptions can alter overall composition of gut microbiota in healthy men. The relative abundances of phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and more than 40 genera were changed with cigarette and alcohol consumptions. SCFAs decreased with smoking and alcohol consumption. Multivariate analysis indicated that when compared with group A, group B/C/D had higher Bacteroides, and lower Phascolarctobacterium, Ruminococcaceae_ UCG-002, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-003, and Ruminiclostridium_ 9 regardless of BMI and age. Additionally, the abundance of Bacteroides was positively correlated with the smoking pack-year (r = 0.207, p < 0.05), the abundance of predicted pathway of bacterial toxins (r = 0.3672, p < 0.001) and the level of carcinoembryonic antigen in host (r = 0.318, p < 0.01). Group D shared similar microbial construction with group B, but exerted differences far from group C with lower abundance of Haemophilus. These results demonstrated that cigarette and alcohol consumption separately affected the intestinal microbiota and function in healthy men; furthermore, the co-occurrence of cigarette and alcohol didn’t exacerbate the dysbiosis and cigarette played the predominated role on the alteration.

Keywords: Growth factors;Microbial cultivation;Microbial uncultivability;Uncultured microbes

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The effects of cigarettes and alcohol on intestinal microbiota in healthy men

J. Microbiol. 2020;58(11):926-937. Published online October 30, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0006-7

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