Diversity and composition of microbiota during fermentation of traditional Nuodeng ham

Xiao-mei Zhang; Xi-jun Dang; Yuan-bing Wang; Tao Sun; Yao Wang; Hong Yu; Wu-song Yang

doi:10.1007/s12275-021-0219-4

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Diversity and composition of microbiota during fermentation of traditional Nuodeng ham: Xiao-mei Zhang ^1,2,3, Xi-jun Dang ^1,3, Yuan-bing Wang ^1,3, Tao Sun ^1,3, Yao Wang ^1,3, Hong Yu ^1,3, Wu-song Yang ⁴; Journal of Microbiology 2021;59(1):20-28.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0219-4
Published online: December 23, 2020

¹Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, P. R. China, ²College of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, P. R. China, ³The Research Center of Cordyceps Development and Utilization of Kunming, Yunnan Herbal Biotech Co. Ltd, Kunming 650106, P. R. China, ⁴The Nuodeng Ham Plant Based in Dali State, Yunnan, P. R. China¹Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, P. R. China, ²College of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, P. R. China, ³The Research Center of Cordyceps Development and Utilization of Kunming, Yunnan Herbal Biotech Co. Ltd, Kunming 650106, P. R. China, ⁴The Nuodeng Ham Plant Based in Dali State, Yunnan, P. R. China

Corresponding author: Hong Yu , Tel: +86-137-0067-6633,

Received: 23 April 2020 • Revised: 12 October 2020 • Accepted: 2 November 2020

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Abstract

The microbial community is one of the most important factors in shaping the characteristics of fermented food. Nuodeng ham, traditionally produced and subjected to 1–4 years of fermentation, is a dry fermented food product with cultural and economic significance to locals in southwestern China. In this study, we aimed to characterize the microbiota and physicochemical profiles of Nuodeng ham across different stages of fermentation. Ham samples from each of the four years were analyzed by sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer sequence, in order to characterize the diversity and composition of their microflora. A total of 2,679,483 bacterial and 2,983,234 fungal sequences of high quality were obtained and assigned to 514 and 57 genera, respectively. Among these microbes, Staphylococcus and Candida were the most abundant genera observed in the ham samples, though samples from different years showed differences in their microbial abundance. Results of physicochemical properties (pH, water, amino acid, NaCl, nitrate and nitrite contents, and the composition of volatile compounds) revealed differences among the ham samples in the composition of volatile compounds, especially in the third year samples, in which no nitrite was detected. These results suggest that the structure and diversity of microbial communities significantly differed across different stages of fermentation. Moreover, the third year hams exhibits a unique and balanced microbial community, which might contribute to the special flavor in the green and safe food products. Thus, our study lends insights into the production of high quality Nuodeng ham.

Keywords: animal coronavirus;coronavirus disease 2019;genetic mutations;pandemic

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Diversity and composition of microbiota during fermentation of traditional Nuodeng ham

J. Microbiol. 2021;59(1):20-28. Published online December 23, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0219-4

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