Dengue virus (DENV) consists of four serotypes in the family
Flaviviridae and is a causative agent of dengue fever, dengue
hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. DENV is
transmitted by mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus,
and is mainly observed in areas where vector mosquitoes live.
The number of dengue cases reported by the World Health
Organization increased more than 8-fold over the last two
decades from 505,430 in 2000 to over 2.4 million in 2010 to
5.2 million in 2019. Although vaccine is the most effective
method
against DENV, only one commercialized vaccine exists,
and it cannot be administered to children under 9 years of
age. Currently, many researchers are working to resolve the
various problems hindering the development of effective dengue
vaccines; understanding of the viral antigen configuration
would provide insight into the development of effective
vaccines against DENV infection. In this review, the current
status and perspectives on effective vaccine development for
DENV are examined. In addition, a plausible direction for
effective vaccine development against DENV is suggested.