Abstract
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV),
a contagious zoonotic virus, causes severe respiratory infection
with a case fatality rate of approximately 35% in humans.
Intermittent sporadic cases in communities and healthcare
facility outbreaks have continued to occur since its first identification
in 2012. The World Health Organization has declared
MERS-CoV a priority pathogen for worldwide research
and vaccine development due to its epidemic potential and
the insufficient countermeasures available. The Coalition for
Epidemic Preparedness Innovations is supporting vaccine development
against emerging diseases, including MERS-CoV,
based on platform technologies using DNA, mRNA, viral vector,
and protein subunit vaccines. In this paper, we review the
usefulness and structure of a spike glycoprotein as a MERSCoV
vaccine candidate molecule, and provide an update on
the status of MERS-CoV vaccine development. Vaccine candidates
based on both DNA and viral vectors coding MERSCoV
spike gene have completed early phase clinical trials. A
harmonized approach is required to assess the immunogenicity
of various candidate vaccine platforms. Platform technologies
accelerated COVID-19 vaccine development and can
also be applied to developing vaccines against other emerging
viral diseases.
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