Abstract
With developments in synthetic biology, “engineering biology” has emerged through standardization and platformization
based on hierarchical, orthogonal, and modularized biological systems. Genome engineering is necessary to manufacture
and design synthetic cells with desired functions by using bioparts obtained from sequence databases. Among various tools,
the CRISPR-Cas system is modularly composed of guide RNA and Cas nuclease; therefore, it is convenient for editing
the genome freely. Recently, various strategies have been developed to accurately edit the genome at a single nucleotide
level. Furthermore, CRISPR-Cas technology has been extended to molecular diagnostics for nucleic acids and detection of
pathogens, including disease-causing viruses. Moreover, CRISPR technology, which can precisely control the expression
of specific genes in cells, is evolving to find the target of metabolic biotechnology. In this review, we summarize the status
of various CRISPR technologies that can be applied to synthetic biology and discuss the development of synthetic biology
combined with CRISPR technology in microbiology.
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