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Autotrophy to Heterotrophy: Shift in Bacterial Functions During the Melt Season in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes.
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Journal Article
Autotrophy to Heterotrophy: Shift in Bacterial Functions During the Melt Season in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes.
Aritri Sanyal1,2, Runa Antony1,3, Gautami Samui1,4, Meloth Thamban1
Journal of Microbiology 2024;62(8):591-609
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00140-1
Published online: May 30, 2024
1National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Goa, 403804, India.
2School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa, 403206, India.
3GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 14473, Potsdam, Germany.
4Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.
Corresponding author:  Aritri Sanyal,
Email: aritri@ncpor.res.in
Received: 3 November 2023   • Revised: 27 March 2024   • Accepted: 23 April 2024
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Microbes residing in cryoconite holes (debris, water, and nutrient-rich ecosystems) on the glacier surface actively participate in carbon and nutrient cycling. Not much is known about how these communities and their functions change during the summer melt-season when intense ablation and runoff alter the influx and outflux of nutrients and microbes. Here, we use high-throughput-amplicon sequencing, predictive metabolic tools and Phenotype MicroArray techniques to track changes in bacterial communities and functions in cryoconite holes in a coastal Antarctic site and the surrounding fjord, during the summer season. The bacterial diversity in cryoconite hole meltwater was predominantly composed of heterotrophs (Proteobacteria) throughout the season. The associated functional potentials were related to heterotrophic-assimilatory and -dissimilatory pathways. Autotrophic Cyanobacterial lineages dominated the debris community at the beginning and end of summer, while heterotrophic Bacteroidota- and Proteobacteria-related phyla increased during the peak melt period. Predictive functional analyses based on taxonomy show a shift from predominantly phototrophy-related functions to heterotrophic assimilatory pathways as the melt-season progressed. This shift from autotrophic to heterotrophic communities within cryoconite holes can affect carbon drawdown and nutrient liberation from the glacier surface during the summer. In addition, the flushing out and export of cryoconite hole communities to the fjord could influence the biogeochemical dynamics of the fjord ecosystem.

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    Autotrophy to Heterotrophy: Shift in Bacterial Functions During the Melt Season in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes.
    J. Microbiol. 2024;62(8):591-609.   Published online May 30, 2024
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