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Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Brucella spp. from Human, Livestock, and Wildlife in South Africa.
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Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Brucella spp. from Human, Livestock, and Wildlife in South Africa.
Koketso Desiree Mazwi1, Kgaugelo Edward Lekota2, Barbara Akofo Glover1, Francis Babaman Kolo1, Ayesha Hassim1, Jenny Rossouw3, Annelize Jonker1, Justnya Maria Wojno4, Giuseppe Profiti5, Pier Luigi Martelli5, Rita Casadio5, Katiuscia Zilli6, Anna Janowicz6, Francesca Marotta6, Giuliano Garofolo6, Henriette van Heerden1
Journal of Microbiology 2024;62(9):759-773
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00155-8
Published online: July 22, 2024
1Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
2Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa.
3National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, 2192, South Africa.
4Lancet Laboratories, Microbiology Laboratory, Century City, Cape Town, 7441, South Africa.
5Bologna Biocomputing Group, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
6National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Abruzzo and Molise Giuseppe Caporale, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
Corresponding author:  Koketso Desiree Mazwi,
Email: desireemazwi@gmail.com
Received: 10 May 2024   • Revised: 11 June 2024   • Accepted: 18 June 2024
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Brucellosis is an economically important zoonotic disease affecting humans, livestock, and wildlife health globally and especially in Africa. Brucella abortus and B. melitensis have been isolated from human, livestock (cattle and goat), and wildlife (sable) in South Africa (SA) but with little knowledge of the population genomic structure of this pathogen in SA. As whole genome sequencing can assist to differentiate and trace the origin of outbreaks of Brucella spp. strains, the whole genomes of retrospective isolates (n = 19) from previous studies were sequenced. Sequences were analysed using average nucleotide identity (ANI), pangenomics, and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) to trace the geographical origin of cases of brucellosis circulating in human, cattle, goats, and sable from different provinces in SA. Pangenomics analysis of B. melitensis (n = 69) and B. abortus (n = 56) was conducted with 19 strains that included B. abortus from cattle (n = 3) and B. melitensis from a human (n = 1), cattle (n = 1), goat (n = 1), Rev1 vaccine strain (n = 1), and sable (n = 12). Pangenomics analysis of B. melitensis genomes, highlighted shared genes, that include 10 hypothetical proteins and genes that encodes for acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (acs), and acylamidase (aam) amongst the sable genomes. The wgSNP analysis confirmed the B. melitensis isolated from human was more closely related to the goat from the Western Cape Province from the same outbreak than the B. melitensis cattle sample from different cases in the Gauteng Province. The B. melitensis sable strains could be distinguished from the African lineage, constituting their own African sub-clade. The sequenced B. abortus strains clustered in the C2 lineage that is closely related to the isolates from Mozambique and Zimbabwe. This study identified genetically diverse Brucella spp. among various hosts in SA. This study expands the limited known knowledge regarding the presence of B. melitensis in livestock and humans in SA, further building a foundation for future research on the distribution of the Brucella spp. worldwide and its evolutionary background.

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    Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Brucella spp. from Human, Livestock, and Wildlife in South Africa.
    J. Microbiol. 2024;62(9):759-773.   Published online July 22, 2024
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