Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production by Engineered Pseudomonas gessardii Using Acetate-formate as Carbon Sources: Woo Young Kim, Seung-Jin Kim, Hye-Rin Seo, Yoonyong Yang, Jong Seok Lee, Moonsuk Hur, Byoung-Hee Lee, Jong-Geol Kim, Min-Kyu Oh; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(7):569-579. Published online May 3, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00136-x

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Abstract: Production of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) was attempted using Pseudomonas gessardii NIBRBAC000509957, which was isolated from Sunchang, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea (35°24'27.7"N, 127°09'13.0"E) and effectively utilized acetate and formate as carbon sources. We first evaluated the utilization of acetate as a carbon source, revealing optimal growth at 5 g/L acetate. Then, formate was supplied to the acetate minimal medium as a carbon source to enhance cell growth. After overexpressing the acetate and formate assimilation pathway enzymes, this strain grew at a significantly higher rate in the medium. As this strain naturally produces PHA, it was further engineered metabolically to enhance mcl-PHA production. The engineered strain produced 0.40 g/L of mcl-PHA with a biomass content of 30.43% in fed-batch fermentation. Overall, this strain can be further developed to convert acetate and formate into valuable products.

Silver Nanoparticles Modified with Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide Improve Biocompatibility and Infected Wound Bacteriostasis: Ruonan Wang , Rongyu Li , Peng Zheng , Zicheng Yang , Cheng Qian , Zhou Wang , Senhe Qian; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(5):543-558. Published online April 13, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00042-8

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit strong antibacterial activity and do not easily induce drug resistance; however, the poor stability and biocompatibility in solution limit their widespread application. In this study, AgNPs were modified with Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide (PSP) to synthesize PSP@AgNPs with good stability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. When PSP@AgNP synthesis was performed under a reaction time of 70 min, a reaction temperature of 35 °C, and an AgNO3- to-PSP volume ratio of 1:1, the synthesized PSP@AgNPs were more regular and uniform than AgNPs, and their particle size was around 10 nm. PSP@AgNPs exhibited lower cytotoxicity and hemolysis, and stronger bacteriostatic activity. PSP@AgNPs damage the integrity and internal structure of cells, resulting in the leakage of intracellular nucleic acids and proteins. The rate of cell membrane damage in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus treated with PSP@ AgNPs increased by 38.52% and 43.75%, respectively, compared with that of AgNPs. PSP@AgNPs inhibit the activities of key enzymes related to antioxidant, energy and substance metabolism in cells. The inhibitory effects on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in E. coli and S. aureus cells were significantly higher than those of AgNPs. In addition, compared with AgNPs, PSP@AgNPs promote faster healing of infected wounds. Therefore, PSP@AgNPs represent potential antibacterial agents against wound infections.

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Improving the biocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles functionalized with (LLRR)3 antimicrobial peptide
Rongyu Li, Jiaqing Mao, Peng Zheng, Ruonan Wang, Zicheng Yang, Senhe Qian
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Advancing engineered approaches for sustainable wound regeneration and repair: Harnessing the potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles
J. Nandhini, E. Karthikeyan, E. Elizabeth Rani, V.S. Karthikha, D. Sakthi Sanjana, H. Jeevitha, S. Rajeshkumar, Vijayan Venugopal, A. Priyadharshan
Engineered Regeneration.2024; 5(3): 306. CrossRef
Effect of Polygonatum sibiricum on biological toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles during respiratory exposure
Jingjing Yao, Wanqing Yang, Liang Tang, Dicheng Yang, Yan Xu, Shenmin Zhu, Jun Zhu
RSC Advances.2024; 14(43): 31360. CrossRef
Enhancing Healing of Infected Wounds with Glycerin‐Modified Sodium Alginate/Silk Sericin Composite Film Functionalized with Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide‐Capped Silver Nanoparticles
Zicheng Yang, Rongyu Li, Ruonan Wang, Senhe Qian
ChemistrySelect.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Host Defense Peptides: Exploiting an Innate Immune Component Against Infectious Diseases and Cancer
Taiwo Scholes Adewole, Oladiran Boniface Oladokun, Adenike Kuku
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Research progress on medicinal components and pharmacological activities of polygonatum sibiricum
Ruilian Liu, Xili Zhang, Yuhan Cai, Shuang Xu, Qian Xu, Chengli Ling, Xin Li, Wenjiao Li, Pingan Liu, Wenlong Liu
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2024; 328: 118024. CrossRef
A comprehensive review on the potential applications of medicine Polygonatum species in the food sector
Mi Li, Bingzong Xie, Lewen Li, Yunge Zhang, Qingmin Chen, Jian Ju, Yanli Ma
Food Bioscience.2024; 60: 104116. CrossRef
Fabrication of Highly Stable Polyurushiol-Decorated Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Anti-Microalgae Activities
Lu Zheng, Jide Zhu, Jipeng Chen, Yanlian Xu, Lilong Jiang
Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Metallic elements combine with herbal compounds upload in microneedles to promote wound healing: a review
Xiao Tang, Li Li, Gehang You, Xinyi Li, Jian Kang
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

Membrane Proteins as a Regulator for Antibiotic Persistence in Gram‑Negative Bacteria: Jia Xin Yee , Juhyun Kim , Jinki Yeom; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(3):331-341. Published online February 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00024-w

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Abstract

Antibiotic treatment failure threatens our ability to control bacterial infections that can cause chronic diseases. Persister bacteria are a subpopulation of physiological variants that becomes highly tolerant to antibiotics. Membrane proteins play crucial roles in all living organisms to regulate cellular physiology. Although a diverse membrane component involved in persistence can result in antibiotic treatment failure, the regulations of antibiotic persistence by membrane proteins has not been fully understood. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding with regards to membrane proteins in Gram-negative bacteria as a regulator for antibiotic persistence, highlighting various physiological mechanisms in bacteria.

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Amino Acid and Au(III) Self-Assembled Supramolecular Nanozymes for Antimicrobial Applications
Yunzhu Xu, Dahai Hou, Min Zhao, Tong Zhao, Yong Ma, Yafeng Zhang, Yang Guo, Weiwei Tao, Hui Wang
ACS Applied Nano Materials.2024; 7(19): 22505. CrossRef
PhoPQ-mediated lipopolysaccharide modification governs intrinsic resistance to tetracycline and glycylcycline antibiotics in Escherichia coli
Byoung Jun Choi, Umji Choi, Dae-Beom Ryu, Chang-Ro Lee, Mehrad Hamidian, You-Hee Cho
mSystems.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Bacterial Regulatory Mechanisms for the Control of Cellular Processes: Simple Organisms’ Complex Regulation
Jin-Won Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(3): 273. CrossRef

Journal Articles

Construction of high-density transposon mutant library of Staphylococcus aureus using bacteriophage ϕ11: Wonsik Lee; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(12):1123-1129. Published online November 24, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2476-2

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Abstract

Transposon mutant libraries are an important resource to study bacterial metabolism and pathogenesis. The fitness analysis of mutants in the libraries under various growth conditions provides important clues to study the physiology and biogenesis of structural components of a bacterial cell. A transposon library in conjunction with next-generation sequencing techniques, collectively named transposon sequencing (Tnseq), enables high-throughput genome profiling and synthetic lethality analysis. Tn-seq has also been used to identify essential genes and to study the mode of action of antibacterials. To construct a high-density transposon mutant library, an efficient delivery system for transposition in a model bacterium is essential. Here, I describe a detailed protocol for generating a high-density phage-based transposon mutant library in a Staphylococcus aureus strain, and this protocol is readily applicable to other S. aureus strains including USA300 and MW2.

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Optimizing phage-based mutant recovery and minimizing heat effect in the construction of transposon libraries in Staphylococcus aureus
Sally W. Yousief, Nader Abdelmalek, Bianca Paglietti
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Mutational analysis on stable expression and LasB inhibition of LasB propeptide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Youngsun Shin , Xi-Hui Li , Cheol Seung Lee , Joon-Hee Lee; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(7):727-734. Published online May 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1671-5

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Abstract: Three major proteases, elastase B (LasB), protease IV (PIV), and elastase A (LasA) expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa play important roles in infections and pathogeneses. These are activated by a proteolytic cascade initiated by the activation of LasB. In this study, we investigated whether LasB could be inhibited using its propeptide (LasBpp). Although LasA and PIV were inhibited by their propeptides, LasB was not inhibited by purified LasBpp because LasB degraded LasBpp. To address this problem, mutant LasBpp variants were constructed to obtain a mutant LasBpp resistant to LasB degradation. A C-terminal deletion series of LasBpp was tested in vivo, and two positive candidates, T2 and T2-1, were selected. However, both caused growth retardation and were unstably expressed in vivo. Since deleting the C-terminal end of LasBpp significantly affected its stable expression, substitution mutations were introduced at the two amino acids near the truncation site of T2-1. The resulting mutants, LasBppE172D, LasBppG173A, and LasBppE172DG173A, significantly diminished LasB activity when overexpressed in vivo and were stably expressed in MW1, a quorum sensing mutant that does not produce LasB. In vitro analysis showed that purified LasBppE172DG173A inhibited LasB activity to a small extent. Summarizing, Cterminal modification of LasBpp profoundly affected the stable expression of LasBpp, and little enhanced the ability of LasBpp to resist degradation by LasB.

Lactobacillus plantarum-derived metabolites sensitize the tumorsuppressive effects of butyrate by regulating the functional expression of SMCT1 in 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer cells: Hye-Ju Kim , JaeJin An , Eun-Mi Ha; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(1):100-117. Published online December 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1533-1

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Abstract

A critical obstacle to the successful treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) is chemoresistance. Chemoresistant CRC cells contribute to treatment failure by providing a mechanism of drug lethargy and modifying chemoresistance-associated molecules. The gut microbiota provide prophylactic and therapeutic effects by targeting CRC through anticancer mechanisms. Among them, Lactobacillus plantarum contributes to the health of the host and is clinically effective in treating CRC. This study confirmed that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant CRC HCT116 (HCT116/5FUR) cells acquired butyrateinsensitive properties. To date, the relationship between 5- FU-resistant CRC and butyrate resistance has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that the acquisition of butyrate resistance in HCT116/5FUR cells was strongly correlated with the inhibition of the expression and function of SMCT1, a major transporter of butyrate in colonocytes. L. plantarum-cultured cell-free supernatant (LP) restored the functional expression of SMCT1 in HCT116/5FUR cells, leading to butyrate-induced antiproliferative effect and apoptosis. These results suggest that LP has a synergistic effect on the SMCT1/butyrate-mediated tumor suppressor function and is a potential chemosensitizer to overcome dual 5-FU and butyrate resistance in HCT116 cells.

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The role of gut microbiota and metabolites in cancer chemotherapy
Shiyu Li, Shuangli Zhu, Jun Yu
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Sodium Butyrate Inhibits the Expression of Thymidylate Synthase and Induces Cell Death in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Nayeon Kim, Changwon Yang
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Babak Pakbin, Samaneh Allahyari, Shaghayegh Pishkhan Dibazar, Amir Peymani, Mozhdeh Khajeh Haghverdi, Khadijeh Taherkhani, Maryam Javadi, Razzagh Mahmoudi
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The effect of oral butyrate on colonic short-chain fatty acid transporters and receptors depends on microbial status
Karla Vagnerová, Tomáš Hudcovic, Martin Vodička, Peter Ergang, Petra Klusoňová, Petra Petr Hermanová, Dagmar Šrůtková, Jiří Pácha
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Yang Chen, Bo Yang, Jianxin Zhao, R. Paul Ross, Catherine Stanton, Hao Zhang, Wei Chen
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Gut microbial metabolites: Shaping future diagnosis and treatment against gastrointestinal cancer
Hongyan Gou, Ruijie Zeng, Harry Cheuk Hay Lau, Jun Yu
Pharmacological Research.2024; 208: 107373. CrossRef
Probiotics intervention in colorectal cancer: From traditional approaches to novel strategies
Suki Ha, Xiang Zhang, Jun Yu
Chinese Medical Journal.2024; 137(1): 8. CrossRef
A Narrative Review on the Advance of Probiotics to Metabiotics
Hye Ji Jang, Na-Kyoung Lee, Hyun-Dong Paik
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024; 34(3): 487. CrossRef
Pharmacomicrobiomics of cell-cycle specific anti-cancer drugs – is it a new perspective for personalized treatment of cancer patients?
Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Nikola Bulman, Paweł Ulasiński, Bartosz Kamil Sobocki, Karol Połom, Luigi Marano, Leszek Kalinowski, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
Gut Microbes.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Participation of protein metabolism in cancer progression and its potential targeting for the management of cancer
Dalong Liu, Yun Wang, Xiaojiang Li, Yan Wang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Zhifeng Wang, Xudong Zhang
Amino Acids.2023; 55(10): 1223. CrossRef
Microbial metabolites in colorectal tumorigenesis and cancer therapy
Yali Liu, Harry Cheuk-Hay Lau, Jun Yu
Gut Microbes.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Lactobacillus plantarum Metabolites Elicit Anticancer Effects by Inhibiting Autophagy-Related Responses
Sihyun Jeong, Yuju Kim, Soyeong Park, Doyeon Lee, Juho Lee, Shwe Phyu Hlaing, Jin-Wook Yoo, Sang Hoon Rhee, Eunok Im
Molecules.2023; 28(4): 1890. CrossRef
Lactobacillus plantarum modulate gut microbiota and intestinal immunity in cyclophosphamide-treated mice model
Zhibo Zeng, Zonghao Huang, Wen Yue, Shah Nawaz, Xinzhu Chen, Jing Liu
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2023; 169: 115812. CrossRef
Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment
Yali Liu, Harry Cheuk-Hay Lau, Wing Yin Cheng, Jun Yu
Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics.2023; 21(1): 84. CrossRef
Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine as sensitizer in reversing chemoresistance of colorectal cancer
Xiang Lin, Xinyu Yang, Yushang Yang, Hangbin Zhang, Xuan Huang
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Characterization of Wnt signaling pathway under treatment of Lactobacillus acidophilus postbiotic in colorectal cancer using an integrated in silico and in vitro analysis
Nafiseh Erfanian, Saeed Nasseri, Adib Miraki Feriz, Hossein Safarpour, Mohammad Hassan Namaei
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A Review of Gut Microbiota‐Derived Metabolites in Tumor Progression and Cancer Therapy
Qiqing Yang, Bin Wang, Qinghui Zheng, Heyu Li, Xuli Meng, Fangfang Zhou, Long Zhang
Advanced Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Anti-tumour effect of Huangqin Decoction on colorectal cancer mice through microbial butyrate mediated PI3K/Akt pathway suppression
Jia-Jie Zhu, Hai-Yan Liu, Liang-Jun Yang, Zheng Fang, Rui Fu, Jia-Bin Chen, Shan Liu, Bao-Ying Fei
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Fecal levels of SCFA and BCFA during capecitabine in patients with metastatic or unresectable colorectal cancer
Janine Ziemons, Romy Aarnoutse, Anne Heuft, Lars Hillege, Janneke Waelen, Judith de Vos-Geelen, Liselot Valkenburg-van Iersel, Irene E. G. van Hellemond, Geert-Jan M. Creemers, Arnold Baars, Johanna H. M. J. Vestjens, John Penders, Koen Venema, Marjolein
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Probiotic-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Colorectal Cancer Treatment
Christina Thoda, Maria Touraki
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Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites in colorectal cancer: enemy or friend
Xinyi Wang, Xicai Sun, Jinjin Chu, Wenchang Sun, Shushan Yan, Yaowen Wang
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Determination of the effect of L. plantarum AB6-25, L. plantarum MK55 and S. boulardii T8-3C microorganisms on colon, cervix, and breast cancer cell lines: Molecular docking, and molecular dynamics study
Seda Yalçınkaya, Serap Yalçın Azarkan, Aynur Gül Karahan Çakmakçı
Journal of Molecular Structure.2022; 1261: 132939. CrossRef
Extracellular vesicles derived from Lactobacillus plantarum restore chemosensitivity through the PDK2-mediated glucose metabolic pathway in 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer cells
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Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(7): 735. CrossRef

Short-chain fatty acids inhibit the biofilm formation of Streptococcus gordonii through negative regulation of competence-stimulating peptide signaling pathway: Taehwan Park , Jintaek Im , A Reum Kim , Dongwook Lee , Sungho Jeong , Cheol-Heui Yun , Seung Hyun Han; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(12):1142-1149. Published online December 4, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1576-8

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Abstract

Streptococcus gordonii, a Gram-positive commensal bacterium, is an opportunistic pathogen closely related to initiation and progression of various oral diseases, such as periodontitis and dental caries. Its biofilm formation is linked with the development of such diseases by enhanced resistance against antimicrobial treatment or host immunity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on the biofilm formation of S. gordonii. SCFAs, including sodium acetate (NaA), sodium propionate (NaP), and sodium butyrate (NaB), showed an effective inhibitory activity on the biofilm formation of S. gordonii without reduction in bacterial growth. SCFAs suppressed S. gordonii biofilm formation at early time points whereas SCFAs did not affect its preformed biofilm. A quorum-sensing system mediated by competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) is known to regulate biofilm formation of streptococci. Interestingly, SCFAs substantially decreased mRNA expression of comD and comE, which are CSP-sensor and its response regulator responsible for CSP pathway, respectively. Although S. gordonii biofilm formation was enhanced by exogenous synthetic CSP treatment, such effect was not observed in the presence of SCFAs. Collectively, these results suggest that SCFAs have an anti-biofilm activity on S. gordonii through inhibiting comD and comE expression which results in negative regulation of CSP quorum-sensing system. SCFAs could be an effective anti-biofilm agent against S. gordonii for the prevention of oral diseases.

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Potential effects of prebiotic fibers on dental caries: a systematic review
Constanza E. Fernández, Catalina Maturana‐Valenzuela, Nicol Rojas‐Castillo, Bob Rosier
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Serotype-Dependent Inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae Growth by Short-Chain Fatty Acids
Suwon Lim, Dongwook Lee, Sungho Jeong, Jeong Woo Park, Jintaek Im, Bokeum Choi, Donghyun Gwak, Cheol-Heui Yun, Ho Seong Seo, Seung Hyun Han
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024; 34(1): 47. CrossRef
Comprehensive Multi-Omic Evaluation of the Microbiota and Metabolites in the Colons of Diverse Swine Breeds
Yanbin Zhu, Guangming Sun, Yangji Cidan, Bin Shi, Zhankun Tan, Jian Zhang, Wangdui Basang
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Recent progress in understanding the role of bacterial extracellular DNA: focus on dental biofilm
Fengxue Geng, Junchao Liu, Jinwen Liu, Ze Lu, Yaping Pan
Critical Reviews in Microbiology.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Effects of Epigallocatechin gallate on Biofilm adherence and Glycolytic pH in Streptococcus gordonii
Prawati Nuraini, Dimas Prasetianto Wicaksono, Ardianti Maartrina Dewi, Adinda Ayu Fitriana, Sili Han
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.2024; : 4711. CrossRef
Oral Pathogens and Their Antibiotics from Marine Organisms: A Systematic Review of New Drugs for Novel Drug Targets
Sehyeok Im, Jun Hyuck Lee, Youn-Soo Shim
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Menghe Liu, Ru Peng, Chunfang Tian, Jianping Shi, Jiannan Ma, Ruiwen Shi, Xiao Qi, Rongwei Zhao, Haibin Guan
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María José Mendoza-León, Ashutosh K. Mangalam, Alejandro Regaldiz, Enrique González-Madrid, Ma. Andreina Rangel-Ramírez, Oscar Álvarez-Mardonez, Omar P. Vallejos, Constanza Méndez, Susan M. Bueno, Felipe Melo-González, Yorley Duarte, Ma. Cecilia Opazo, Al
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Georgy E. Leonov, Yurgita R. Varaeva, Elena N. Livantsova, Antonina V. Starodubova
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[PROTOCOL] Flow cytometric monitoring of the bacterial phenotypic diversity in aquatic ecosystems: Jin-Kyung Hong , Soo Bin Kim , Seok Hyun Ahn , Yongjoo Choi , Tae Kwon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(10):879-885. Published online September 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1443-7

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Abstract

Flow cytometry is a promising tool used to identify the phenotypic features of bacterial communities in aquatic ecosystems by measuring the physical and chemical properties of cells based on their light scattering behavior and fluorescence. Compared to molecular or culture-based approaches, flow cytometry is suitable for the online monitoring of microbial water quality because of its relatively simple sample preparation process, rapid analysis time, and high-resolution phenotypic data. Advanced statistical techniques (e.g., denoising and binning) can be utilized to successfully calculate phenotypic diversity by processing the scatter data obtained from flow cytometry. These phenotypic diversities were well correlated with taxonomic-based diversity computed using nextgeneration 16S RNA gene sequencing. The protocol provided in this paper should be a useful guide for a fast and reliable flow cytometric monitoring of bacterial phenotypic diversity in aquatic ecosystems.

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Assessing long-term ecological impacts of PCE contamination in groundwater using a flow cytometric fingerprint approach
Jin-Kyung Hong, Soo Bin Kim, Gui Nam Wee, Bo Ram Kang, Jee Hyun No, Susmita Das Nishu, Joonhong Park, Tae Kwon Lee
Science of The Total Environment.2024; 931: 172698. CrossRef
Phenotypic shifts induced by environmental pre-stressors modify antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Gui Nam Wee, Eun Sun Lyou, Susmita Das Nishu, Tae Kwon Lee
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Full-repertoire comparison of the microscopic objects composing the human gut microbiome with sequenced and cultured communities: Edmond Kuete Yimagou , Jean-Pierre Baudoin , Rita Abou Abdallah , Fabrizio Di Pinto , Jacques Yaacoub Bou Khalil , Didier Raoult; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):377-386. Published online April 11, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9365-3

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Abstract

The study of the human gut microbiome is essential in microbiology and infectious diseases as specific alterations in the gut microbiome might be associated with various pathologies, such as chronic inflammatory disease, intestinal infection and colorectal cancer. To identify such dysregulations, several strategies are being used to create a repertoire of the microorganisms composing the human gut microbiome. In this study, we used the “microscomics” approach, which consists of creating an ultrastructural repertoire of all the cell-like objects composing stool samples from healthy donors using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We used TEM to screen ultrathin sections of 8 resin-embedded stool samples. After exploring hundreds of micrographs, we managed to elaborate ultrastructural categories based on morphological criteria or features. This approach explained many inconsistencies observed with other techniques, such as metagenomics and culturomics. We highlighted the value of our cultureindependent approach by comparing our microscopic images to those of cultured bacteria and those reported in the literature. This study helped to detect “minimicrobes” Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) for the first time in human stool samples. This “microscomics” approach is non-exhaustive but complements already existing approaches and adds important data to the puzzle of the microbiota.

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Candidate Phyla Radiation, an Underappreciated Division of the Human Microbiome, and Its Impact on Health and Disease
Sabrina Naud, Ahmad Ibrahim, Camille Valles, Mohamad Maatouk, Fadi Bittar, Maryam Tidjani Alou, Didier Raoult
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Radiotherapy and the gut microbiome: facts and fiction
Jing Liu, Chao Liu, Jinbo Yue
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Host–microbiota maladaptation in colorectal cancer
Alina Janney, Fiona Powrie, Elizabeth H. Mann
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Differential expression of the major catalase, KatA in the two wild type Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, PAO1 and PA14: Bi-o Kim , In-Young Chung , You-Hee Cho; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(8):704-710. Published online June 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9225-1

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Abstract

KatA is the major catalase required for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) resistance and acute virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, whose transcription is governed by its dual promoters (katAp1 and katAp2). Here, we observed that KatA was not required for acute virulence in another wild type P. aeruginosa strain, PAO1, but that PAO1 exhibited higher KatA expression than PA14 did. This was in a good agreement with the observation that PAO1 was more resistant than PA14 to H2O2 as well as to the antibiotic peptide, polymyxin B (PMB), supposed to involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) for its antibacterial activity. The higher KatA expression in PAO1 than in PA14 was attributed to both katAp1 and katAp2 transcripts, as assessed by S1 nuclease mapping. In addition, it was confirmed that the PMB resistance is attributed to both katAp1 and katAp2 in a complementary manner in PA14 and PAO1, by exploiting the promoter mutants for each -10 box (p1m, p2m, and p1p2m). These results provide an evidence that the two widely used P. aeruginosa strains display different virulence mechanisms associated with OxyR and Anr, which need to be further characterized for better understanding of the critical virulence pathways that may differ in various P. aeruginosa strains.

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Hyo-Young Oh, Shivakumar S. Jalde, In-Young Chung, Yeon-Ji Yoo, Hye-Jeong Jang, Hyun-Kyung Choi, You-Hee Cho
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Low-density lipoprotein as an opsonin promoting the phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by U937 cells: Yuxin Li , Zhi Liu , Jinli Yang , Ling Liu , Runlin Han; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(8):711-716. Published online May 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8413-3

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Abstract

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was recently reported to be an opsonin, enhancing the phagocytosis of group A Streptococcus (GAS) by human monocytic leukemia U937 cells due to the binding of LDL to some GAS strains. We postulated that LDL might also promote the opsonophagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by U937 cells since this bacterium interacts with LDL. In this study, P. aeruginosa (CMCC10104), U937 cells, and human LDL were used in phagocytosis assays to test our hypothesis. Escherichia coli strain BL21, which does not interact with LDL, was used as a negative control. Colony counting and fluorescence microscopy were used to determine the bacterial quantity in the opsonophagocytosis assays. After incubation of U937 cells and P. aeruginosa with LDL (100 μg/ml) for 15 and 30 min, phagocytosis was observed to be increased by 22.71% and 32.90%, respectively, compared to that seen in the LDL-free group. However, LDL did not increase the phagocytosis of E. coli by U937 cells. In addition, we identified CD36 as a major opsonin receptor on U937 cells, since an anti-CD36 monoclonal antibody, but not an anti- CD4 monoclonal antibody, almost completely abolished the opsonophagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by U937 cells.

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Adhesion of Enteropathogenic, Enterotoxigenic, and Commensal Escherichia coli to the Major Zymogen Granule Membrane Glycoprotein 2
Christin Bartlitz, Rafał Kolenda, Jarosław Chilimoniuk, Krzysztof Grzymajło, Stefan Rödiger, Rolf Bauerfeind, Aamir Ali, Veronika Tchesnokova, Dirk Roggenbuck, Peter Schierack, Isaac Cann
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Lipoprotein(a), an Opsonin, Enhances the Phagocytosis of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae by Macrophages
Zhi Liu, Yuxin Li, Yu Wang, Zhe Liu, Yan Su, Qiang Ma, Runlin Han, Enrique Ortega
Journal of Immunology Research.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef

Antibiofilm effect of biofilm-dispersing agents on clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with various biofilm structures: Soo-Kyoung Kim , Xi-Hui Li , Hyeon-Ji Hwang , Joon-Hee Lee; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(12):902-909. Published online October 25, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8336-4

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Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic human pathogen, causes many biofilm-mediated chronic infections. In this study, biofilm structures of various clinical strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from hospitalized patients were examined and their influence on the biofilm-dispersing effects of chemicals was investigated. The clinical isolates formed structurally distinct biofilms that could be classified into three different groups: 1) mushroom-like, 2) thin flat, and 3) thick flat structures. A dispersion of these differently structured biofilms was induced using two biofilm-dispersing agents, anthranilate and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Although both SNP and anthranilate could disperse all types of biofilms, the thick flat biofilms were dispersed less efficiently than the biofilms of other structures. This suggests that biofilm-dispersing agents have higher potency on the biofilms of porous structures than on densely packed biofilms.

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Anthranilate Acts as a Signal to Modulate Biofilm Formation, Virulence, and Antibiotic Tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Surrounding Bacteria
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Circular pellicles formed by Pseudomonas alkylphenolica KL28 are a sophisticated architecture principally designed by matrix substance: Myeong Mi Song , Yaligara Veeranagouda , Munkhtsatsral Ganzorig , Kyoung Lee; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(11):790-797. Published online October 24, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8252-7

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Abstract: The colonization of liquid surfaces as floating biofilms or pellicles is a bacterial adaptation to optimally occupy the airliquid (A-L) niche. In aerobic heterotrophs, pellicle formation is beneficial for the utilization of O2 and nonpolar organic compounds. Pseudomonas alkylphenolica KL28, an alkylphenol degrader, forms flat circular pellicles that are 0.3– 0.5 mm in diameter. In this study, we first monitored the pellicle developmental patterns of multicellular organization from the initial settlement stage. The pellicles developed by clonal growth and mutants for flagella and pilus formation established normal pellicles. In contrast, the mutants of an epm gene cluster for biosynthesis of alginate-like polymer were incompetent in cell alignment for initial two-dimensional (2D) pellicle growth, suggesting the role of the Epm polymer as a structural scaffold for pellicle biofilms. Microscopic observation revealed that the initial 2D growth transited to multilayers by an accumulated self-produced extracellular polymeric substance that may exert a constraint force. Electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that the fully matured pellicle structures were densly packed with matrix-encased cells displaying distinct arrangements. The cells on the surface of the pellicle were relatively flat, and those inside were longitudinally cross-packed. The extracellular polysaccharide stained by Congo red was denser on the pellicle rim and a thin film was observed in the open spaces, indicative of its role in pellicle flotation. Our results demonstrate that P. alkylphenolica KL28 coordinately dictates the cell arrangements of pellicle biofilms by the controlled growth of constituent cells that accumulate extracellular polymeric substances.

Review

REVIEW] Antibiotic-resistant clones in Gram-negative pathogens: presence of global clones in Korea: Kwan Soo Ko; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(3):195-202. Published online October 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8491-2

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Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a global concern in public health. Antibiotic-resistant clones can spread nationally, internationally, and globally. This review considers representative antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacterial clones–CTX-M- 15-producing ST131 in Escherichia coli, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing ST11 and KPC-producing ST258 in Klebsiella pneumoniae, IMP-6-producing, carbapenem-resistant ST235 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and OXA-23- producing global clone 2 in Acinetobacter baumannii–that have disseminated worldwide, including in Korea. The findings highlight the urgency for systematic monitoring and international cooperation to suppress the emergence and propagation of antibiotic resistance.

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Journal Article

[PROTOCOL] Drosophila melanogaster as a polymicrobial infection model for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus: Young-Joon Lee , Hye-Jeong Jang , In-Young Chung , You-Hee Cho; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(8):534-541. Published online July 25, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8331-9

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Abstract

Non-mammalian infection models have been developed over the last two decades, which is a historic milestone to understand the molecular basis of bacterial pathogenesis. They also provide small-scale research platforms for identification of virulence factors, screening for antibacterial hits, and evaluation of antibacterial efficacy. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster is one of the model hosts for a variety of bacterial pathogens, in that the innate immunity pathways and tissue physiology are highly similar to those in mammals. We here present a relatively simple protocol to assess the key aspects of the polymicrobial interaction in vivo between the human opportunistic pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which is based on the systemic infection by needle pricking at the dorsal thorax of the flies. After infection, fly survival and bacteremia over time for both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus within the infected flies can be monitored as a measure of polymicrobial virulence potential. The infection takes ~24 h including bacterial cultivation. Fly survival and bacteremia are assessed using the infected flies that are monitored up to ~60 h post-infection. These methods can be used to identify presumable as well as unexpected phenotypes during polymicrobial interaction between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus mutants, regarding bacterial pathogenesis and host immunity.

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