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Availability of polyamines affects virulence and survival of Neisseria meningitidis
Poonam Kanojiya , Riya Joshi , Sunil D. Saroj
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(6):640-648.   Published online April 18, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1589-y
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  • 1 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negative human-restricted pathogen that asymptomatically resides in the human respiratory tract. Meningococcal meningitis and sepsis both are caused by N. meningitidis. The bacterium must adhere to host epithelial cells in order to colonize effectively. The factors that determine the initial attachment to the host and dispersal, are not well understood. Metabolites released by the host may aid in meningococcal colonization and dissemination. Polyamines are aliphatic polycations that assist in cell survival and proliferation. The virulence properties of N. meningitidis after exposure to polyamines were investigated. Adhesion to nasopharyngeal epithelial cells increased in the presence of spermine. Also, the relative expression of adhesin, pilE increased in the presence of spermine. Further, relative expression of ctrA, ctrB and lipB was upregulated in the presence of spermidine, indicating increased capsule formation. Upregulated capsule synthesis of N. meningitidis in the presence of spermidine allows it to survive in murine macrophages. The study suggests the importance of the extracellular pool of polyamines in promoting virulence in N. meningitidis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Environmental desiccation stress induces viable but non culturable state in Neisseria meningitidis
    Poonam Kanojiya, Tiyasa Haldar, Sunil D. Saroj
    Archives of Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Bacterial metabolism in the host and its association with virulence
    Amrita Bhagwat, Tiyasa Haldar, Poonam Kanojiya, Sunil D. Saroj
    Virulence.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Neisseria meningitidis: a traditional extracellular pathogen with an intense intracellular lifestyle
    Silvia Caterina Resta, Adelfia Talà, Riccardo Conte, Matteo Calcagnile, Cecilia Bucci, Pietro Alifano
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Epsilon-poly-l-lysine inhibits biofilm formation and aids dispersion in Acinetobacter baumannii
    Ujjayni Saha, Sakshi Shinde, Savita Jadhav, Sunil D. Saroj
    Medicine in Microecology.2024; 21: 100110.     CrossRef
  • Effect of respiratory tract co-colonizers on initial attachment of Neisseria meningitidis
    Poonam Kanojiya, Sunil D. Saroj
    Archives of Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antibiotics modulates the virulence of Neisseria meningitidis by regulating capsule synthesis
    Tiyasa Haldar, Riya Joshi, Sunil D. Saroj
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2023; 179: 106117.     CrossRef
Biocontrol activity of volatile organic compounds from Streptomyces alboflavus TD-1 against Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin production
Mingguan Yang , Laifeng Lu , Jing Pang , Yiling Hu , Qingbin Guo , Zhenjing Li , Shufen Wu , Huanhuan Liu , Changlu Wang
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(5):396-404.   Published online May 6, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8517-9
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  • 48 Web of Science
  • 49 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Aspergillus flavus is a saprophytic fungus that contaminates crops with carcinogenic aflatoxin. In the present work, the antifungal effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Streptomyces alboflavus TD-1 against A. flavus were investigated. VOCs from 8-day-old wheat bran culture of S. alboflavus TD-1 displayed strong inhibitory effects against mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination of A. flavus. Severely misshapen conidia and hyphae of A. flavus were observed by scanning electron microscopy after exposure to VOCs for 6 and 12 h, respectively. Rhodamine 123 staining of mitochondria indicated that mitochondria may be a legitimate antifungal target of the VOCs from S. alboflavus TD-1. Furthermore, the VOCs effectively inhibited aflatoxin B1 production by downregulating genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Dimethyl trisulfide and benzenamine may play important roles in the suppression of A. flavus growth and production of aflatoxin. The results indicate that VOCs from S. alboflavus TD-1 have tremendous potential to be developed as a useful bio-pesticide for controlling A. flavus.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Deciphering the antifungal mechanisms of methyl 2-methyl butyrate (M2MB), a broad-spectrum antifungal VOC from Streptomyces corchorusii (Sc75)
    Hellen Wambui Njoroge, Xue Yuwei, Zhou Shaoxia, Wang Mingzhao, Wu Mian, Zhang Ying, Ochola Sylvans Ochieng, Liu Hongxia
    Postharvest Biology and Technology.2026; 231: 113877.     CrossRef
  • Glutamine Modulates mVOC Biosynthesis in Streptomyces alboflavus Through a gluR-Dependent Signaling Pathway and Enhances Its Inhibitory Activity Against Aspergillus flavus
    Wangqiang Li, Mingguan Yang, Zehua Dong, Tong Liu, Xiuyu Liu, Dan Liu, Chengfang Ding, Laifeng Lu, Wentao Ding, Zhenjing Li, Huanhuan Liu, Zhifang Wang, Qingbin Guo, Changlu Wang
    Foods.2026; 15(2): 228.     CrossRef
  • Agricultural biocontrol potential of bacterial volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) for enhanced crop protection
    Kaouthar Loubna El Bey, Abderrahim Aasfar, Imane Bennis, Karim El Fakhouri, Ahmed-Seid Kemal, Mustapha El Bouhssini, Issam Meftah Kadmiri
    Crop Protection.2025; 190: 107114.     CrossRef
  • Current Approaches to Aflatoxin B1 Control in Food and Feed Safety: Detection, Inhibition, and Mitigation
    Katarzyna Kępka-Borkowska, Katarzyna Chałaśkiewicz, Magdalena Ogłuszka, Mateusz Borkowski, Adam Lepczyński, Chandra Shekhar Pareek, Rafał Radosław Starzyński, Elżbieta Lichwiarska, Sharmin Sultana, Garima Kalra, Nihal Purohit, Barbara Gralak, Ewa Poławska
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(13): 6534.     CrossRef
  • The dual nature of plant growth-promoting bacteria: Benefits, risks, and pathways to sustainable deployment
    Hassan Etesami
    Current Research in Microbial Sciences.2025; 9: 100421.     CrossRef
  • Targeting Mitochondria to Inhibit Aflatoxin Production: Mechanistic Insight
    Tomohiro Furukawa, Masayo Kushiro, Hiroyuki Nakagawa, Shohei Sakuda
    Food Safety.2025; 13(3): 46.     CrossRef
  • Volatilome profiles of soybean cultivars: from floral emissions to plant–pathogen interaction
    Laureano A. Español, Rocío S. Ramos, María I. Mangione, María M. Scandiani, Claudia P. Spampinato
    Plant and Soil.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Streptomyces Strains and Their Metabolites for Biocontrol of Phytopathogens in Agriculture
    Mingxuan Wang, Honglin Li, Jing Li, Wujin Zhang, Jianguo Zhang
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2024; 72(4): 2077.     CrossRef
  • Exploring soil microbiota and their role in plant growth, stress tolerance, disease control and nutrient immobilizer
    Divya Kapoor, Pankaj Sharma, Mayur Mukut Murlidhar Sharma, Sheetal Yadav, Azamal Husen
    Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology.2024; 61: 103358.     CrossRef
  • A potential biocontrol and growth-promoting agent Streptomyces luteoverticillatus B4 for managing cabbage Fusarium wilt and cucumber Alternaria leaf blight
    Yuxin Li, Gang Wang, Tianxi Rao, Ying Chen, Xiangyu Tan, Erfeng Li
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology.2024; 134: 102440.     CrossRef
  • Mitigating fungal contamination of cereals: The efficacy of microplasma-based far-UVC lamps against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum
    Zhenhui Jin, Yi-Cheng Wang
    Food Research International.2024; 190: 114550.     CrossRef
  • Suppression of Thielaviopsis ethacetica wilt and root rot, the emerging pathogen on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), and plant growth promotion properties by the safety indigenous Streptomyces SBcT04
    Loan Le-Thi, Kim-Diep Tran, Hoai-Hieu Vo, Tu Nguyen-Van, Tam Nguyen-Thi, Anh-Truc Nong-Thi, Ngoc-Duong Vu, Nha-Hoa Phan
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology.2024; 134: 102464.     CrossRef
  • Streptomyces strains inhibit the growth of Fusarium kuroshium and Fusarium solani and promote the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana
    María Fernanda Ruiz-Cisneros, José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz, Daniel Alonso Pérez-Corral, Guadalupe Isela Olivas-Orozco, David Ignacio Berlanga-Reyes, Octavio Jhonathan Cambero-Campos, Mario Orlando Estrada-Virgen, Salvador Ordaz-Silva, Miguel Ángel Salas-Mari
    Biocontrol Science and Technology.2024; 34(5): 469.     CrossRef
  • Fumigation with dimethyl trisulfide to inhibit Aspergillus flavus growth, aflatoxin B1 production and virulence
    Mingguan Yang, Honggui Lu, Nan Xiao, Yongjian Qin, Lei Sun, Rui Sun
    FEMS Microbiology Letters.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In vitro biological control of Pyrrhoderma noxium using volatile compounds produced by termite gut-associated streptomycetes
    Cherrihan Adra, Harrchun Panchalingam, Keith Foster, Russell Tomlin, R. Andrew Hayes, D. İpek Kurtböke
    Frontiers in Plant Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Microbial Volatile Compounds: Prospects for Fungal Phytopathogens Management, Mechanisms and Challenges
    Hetvi Naik, Komal A. Chandarana, Harshida A. Gamit, Sapna Chandwani, Natarajan Amaresan
    Journal of Crop Health.2024; 76(2): 371.     CrossRef
  • Mycotoxin Contamination Status of Cereals in China and Potential Microbial Decontamination Methods
    Jing Zhang, Xi Tang, Yifan Cai, Wen-Wen Zhou
    Metabolites.2023; 13(4): 551.     CrossRef
  • Inhibitory effects of epiphytic Kluyveromyces marxianus from Indian senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) on growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus
    Subramani Natarajan, Dananjeyan Balachandar, Vaikuntavasan Paranidharan
    International Journal of Food Microbiology.2023; 406: 110368.     CrossRef
  • Genetic diversity, plant growth promotion potential, and antimicrobial activity of culturable endophytic actinobacteria isolated from Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux
    Lan Zou, Yaopeng Zhang, Qian Wang, Siyu Wang, Muyi Li, Jing Huang
    Journal of Applied Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Microbial volatilome in food safety. Current status and perspectives in the biocontrol of mycotoxigenic fungi and their metabolites
    Zahoor Ul Hassan, Safa Oufensou, Randa Zeidan, Quirico Migheli, Samir Jaoua
    Biocontrol Science and Technology.2023; 33(6): 499.     CrossRef
  • Volatile Organic Compounds: A Review of Their Current Applications as Pest Biocontrol and Disease Management
    Rosario Razo-Belman, César Ozuna
    Horticulturae.2023; 9(4): 441.     CrossRef
  • Antagonistic effects of volatile organic compounds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NJ-1 on the growth and toxicity of Aspergillus flavus
    Ting Yang, Chengzhong Wang, Chenjie Li, Rui Sun, Mingguan Yang
    Biological Control.2023; 177: 105093.     CrossRef
  • Using Streptomyces spp. as plant growth promoters and biocontrol agents
    Mateus Torres Nazari, Vera Analise Schommer, Julia Catiane Arenhart Braun, Lara Franco dos Santos, Samuel Teixeira Lopes, Viviane Simon, Bruna Strieder Machado, Valdecir Ferrari, Luciane Maria Colla, Jeferson Steffanello Piccin
    Rhizosphere.2023; 27: 100741.     CrossRef
  • The power of the smallest: The inhibitory activity of microbial volatile organic compounds against phytopathogens
    Octávio Augusto Costa Almeida, Natália Oliveira de Araujo, Bruno Henrique Silva Dias, Carla de Sant’Anna Freitas, Luciane Fender Coerini, Choong-Min Ryu, Juliana Velasco de Castro Oliveira
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Inhibitory effect of volatile organic compounds from Bacillus flexus TR-1 against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins in grains during storage
    An-Dong Gong, Meng-Ge Song, Hua-Ling Wang, Gao-Zhan Wang, Jian-Hua Wang, Jing-Bo Zhang
    BioControl.2023; 68(2): 181.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Volatile Organic Compounds on the Growth of Aspergillus flavus and Related Aflatoxin B1 Production: A Review
    Laurie Josselin, Caroline De Clerck, Marthe De Boevre, Antonio Moretti, Marie-Laure Fauconnier
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(24): 15557.     CrossRef
  • Biocontrol potential of 1-pentanal emitted from lactic acid bacteria strains against Aspergillus flavus in red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
    Bin Li, Zhirong Wang, Gang Yang, Shan Huang, Shenglan Liao, Kewei Chen, Muying Du, Zsolt Zalán, Ferenc Hegyi, Jianquan Kan
    Food Control.2022; 142: 109261.     CrossRef
  • Air Ambulance: Antimicrobial Power of Bacterial Volatiles
    Alexander Lammers, Michael Lalk, Paolina Garbeva
    Antibiotics.2022; 11(1): 109.     CrossRef
  • Volatiles of antagonistic soil yeasts inhibit growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus
    Subramani Natarajan, Dananjeyan Balachandar, Natesan Senthil, Rethinasamy Velazhahan, Vaikuntavasan Paranidharan
    Microbiological Research.2022; 263: 127150.     CrossRef
  • Aromatic Agriculture: Volatile Compound-Based Plant Disease Diagnosis and Crop Protection
    Myoungjoo Riu, Jin-Soo Son, Sang-Keun Oh, Choong-Min Ryu
    Research in Plant Disease.2022; 28(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Growth Promotion of Phaseolus vulgaris and Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings by Streptomycetes Volatile Compounds
    Daniel Alonso Pérez-Corral, José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz, Guadalupe Isela Olivas, Carlos Horacio Acosta-Muñiz, Miguel Ángel Salas-Marina, David Ignacio Berlanga-Reyes, David Roberto Sepulveda, Yericka Mares-Ponce de León, Claudio Rios-Velasco
    Plants.2022; 11(7): 875.     CrossRef
  • Sub3 Inhibits Mycelia Growth and Aflatoxin Production of Aspergillus Flavus
    Wei Zhang, Yangyong Lv, Haojie Yang, Shan Wei, Shuaibing Zhang, Na Li, Yuansen Hu
    Food Biophysics.2022; 17(2): 248.     CrossRef
  • The Inhibitory Effect of Pseudomonas stutzeri YM6 on Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxins Production by the Production of Volatile Dimethyl Trisulfide
    An-Dong Gong, Yin-Yu Lei, Wei-Jie He, Yu-Cai Liao, Ling Ma, Tian-Tian Zhang, Jing-Bo Zhang
    Toxins.2022; 14(11): 788.     CrossRef
  • Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds: An Alternative for Chemical Fertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture Development
    Murugesan Chandrasekaran, Manivannan Paramasivan, Jesudass Joseph Sahayarayan
    Microorganisms.2022; 11(1): 42.     CrossRef
  • Rhamnolipids inhibit aflatoxins production in Aspergillus flavus by causing structural damages in the fungal hyphae and down-regulating the expression of their biosynthetic genes
    Ana I. Rodrigues, Eduardo J. Gudiña, Luís Abrunhosa, Ana R. Malheiro, Rui Fernandes, José A. Teixeira, Lígia R. Rodrigues
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    Jorge Poveda
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  • Antifungal activity of volatile organic compounds fromStreptomycessp. strain S97 againstBotrytis cinerea
    Ameni Ayed, Leila Kalai-Grami, Imen Ben Slimene, Manel Chaouachi, Houda Mankai, Ines karkouch, Naceur Djebali, Salem Elkahoui, Olfa Tabbene, Ferid Limam
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    Doha A. S. Gebily, Gamal A. M. Ghanem, Mona M. Ragab, Ayat M. Ali, Nour El-din K. Soliman, Tawfik H. Abd El-Moity
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    Piotr Siupka, Frederik Teilfeldt Hansen, Aleksandra Schier, Simone Rocco, Trine Sørensen, Zofia Piotrowska-Seget
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(14): 7441.     CrossRef
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    Zahaed Evangelista-Martínez, Erika Anahí Contreras-Leal, Luis Fernando Corona-Pedraza, Élida Gastélum-Martínez
    Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Xianfeng Ren, Qi Zhang, Wen Zhang, Jin Mao, Peiwu Li
    Toxins.2020; 12(1): 24.     CrossRef
  • The Aspergilli and Their Mycotoxins: Metabolic Interactions With Plants and the Soil Biota
    Walter P. Pfliegler, István Pócsi, Zoltán Győri, Tünde Pusztahelyi
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Harnessing microbial volatiles to replace pesticides and fertilizers
    Gareth Thomas, David Withall, Michael Birkett
    Microbial Biotechnology.2020; 13(5): 1366.     CrossRef
  • Inhibitory Effects of Eurotium cristatum on Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus
    Qiannan Zhao, Yue Qiu, Xin Wang, Yuanyuan Gu, Yuzhu Zhao, Yidi Wang, Tianli Yue, Yahong Yuan
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of chlorogenic acid on controlling kiwifruit postharvest decay caused by Diaporthe sp.
    Danfeng Zhang, Wanling Bi, Kai Kai, Yingwang Ye, Jia Liu
    LWT.2020; 132: 109805.     CrossRef
  • Genome Mining Revealed a High Biosynthetic Potential for Antifungal Streptomyces sp. S-2 Isolated from Black Soot
    Piotr Siupka, Artur Piński, Dagmara Babicka, Zofia Piotrowska-Seget
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(7): 2558.     CrossRef
  • Functional Application of Sulfur-Containing Spice Compounds
    Jinxin Xie, Benjian Liao, Ri-Yuan Tang
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2020; 68(45): 12505.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of volatile compounds from Streptomyces philanthi RL‐1‐178 as a biofumigant for controlling growth and aflatoxin production of the two aflatoxin‐producing fungi on stored soybean seeds
    S. Boukaew, P. Prasertsan
    Journal of Applied Microbiology.2020; 129(3): 652.     CrossRef
  • Microenvironmental Interplay Predominated by Beneficial Aspergillus Abates Fungal Pathogen Incidence in Paddy Environment
    Xiaoyan Fan, Haruna Matsumoto, Yue Wang, Yang Hu, Yufei Liu, Hongda Fang, Bartosz Nitkiewicz, Sharon Yu Ling Lau, Qiangwei Wang, Hua Fang, Mengcen Wang
    Environmental Science & Technology.2019; 53(22): 13042.     CrossRef
Growth and differentiation properties of pikromycin-producing Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC15439
Ji-Eun Kim , Joon-Sun Choi , Jung-Hye Roe
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(5):388-395.   Published online February 5, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8539-3
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  • 6 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Streptomycetes naturally produce a variety of secondary metabolites, in the process of physiological differentiation. Streptomyces venezuelae differentiates into spores in liquid media, serving as a good model system for differentiation and a host for exogenous gene expression. Here, we report the growth and differentiation properties of S. venezuelae ATCC- 15439 in liquid medium, which produces pikromycin, along with genome-wide gene expression profile. Comparison of growth properties on two media (SPA, MYM) revealed that the stationary phase cell viability rapidly decreased in SPA. Submerged spores showed partial resistance to lysozyme and heat, similar to what has been observed for better-characterized S. venezuelae ATCC10712, a chloramphenicol producer. TEM revealed that the differentiated cells in the submerged culture showed larger cell size, thinner cell wall than the aerial spores. We analyzed transcriptome profiles of cells grown in liquid MYM at various growth phases. During transition and/or stationary phases, many differentiationrelated genes were well expressed as judged by RNA level, except some genes forming hydrophobic coats in aerial mycelium. Since submerged spores showed thin cell wall and partial resistance to stresses, we examined cellular expression of MreB protein, an actin-like protein known to be required for spore wall synthesis in Streptomycetes. In contrast to aerial spores where MreB was localized in septa and spore cell wall, submerged spores showed no detectable signal. Therefore, even though the mreB transcripts are abundant in liquid medium, its protein level and/or its interaction with spore wall synthetic complex appear impaired, causing thinner- walled and less sturdy spores in liquid culture.

Citations

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  • Biosynthesis of Arcyriaflavin F from Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 10712
    Hung‐En Lai, Agata Kennedy, Lewis Tanner, Emma A. Bartram, Soo Mei Chee, Paul S. Freemont, Simon J. Moore
    ChemBioChem.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Functional analysis of the whole CYPome and Fdxome of Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439
    Shuai Li, Zhong Li, Guoqiang Zhang, Vlada B. Urlacher, Li Ma, Shengying Li
    Engineering Microbiology.2024; 4(4): 100166.     CrossRef
  • Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase promotes the production of 3-O-α-mycarosylerythronolide B in Streptomyces coelicolor
    Hong Gao, Swen Langer, Tony Larson, Matthew A Gregory, Margaret C M Smith
    Journal of Applied Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative Metagenomics Reveals Microbial Signatures of Sugarcane Phyllosphere in Organic Management
    Ahmad Nuruddin Khoiri, Supapon Cheevadhanarak, Jiraporn Jirakkakul, Sudarat Dulsawat, Peerada Prommeenate, Anuwat Tachaleat, Kanthida Kusonmano, Songsak Wattanachaisaereekul, Sawannee Sutheeworapong
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  • Lysine acetylation of the housekeeping sigma factor enhances the activity of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme
    Ji-Eun Kim, Joon-Sun Choi, Jong-Seo Kim, You-Hee Cho, Jung-Hye Roe
    Nucleic Acids Research.2020; 48(5): 2401.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of Actinomycetes Strains Isolated from the Intestinal Tract and Feces of the Larvae of the Longhorn Beetle Cerambyx welensii
    Ramón I. Santamaría, Ana Martínez-Carrasco, Ricardo Sánchez de la Nieta, Luis M. Torres-Vila, Raúl Bonal, Jesús Martín, Rubén Tormo, Fernando Reyes, Olga Genilloud, Margarita Díaz
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Streptomyces sp. strain SK68, isolated from peanut rhizosphere, promotes growth and alleviates salt stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom)
Karthiyaini Damodharan , Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi , Bao Le , Joo-Won Suh , Seung Hwan Yang
J. Microbiol. 2018;56(10):753-759.   Published online September 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8120-5
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AbstractAbstract PDF
A novel actinobacterium, strain SK68, was isolated from the rhizosphere of peanut plant and its salinity stress alleviation ability was studied using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) plants. Based on 16S rDNA based phylogenetic analysis, strain SK68 has been identified as a Streptomyces sp. Strain SK68 had branched substrate mycelium bearing smooth surfaced spores and the spore colour is brownish grey on ISP4 medium. It exhibited enzyme activities such as xylanase, cellulase, amylase, and pectinase and degraded hypoxanthine, casein, and L-tyrosine. The strain SK68 differed in its banding pattern in BOX-PCR and RAPD fingerprinting compared to the closely matching type strains Streptomyces erythrochromogenes NBRC 3304T (AB184746), S. flavotricini NBRC 12770T (AB184132), S. racemochromogenes NBRC 12906T (AB184235), and S. polychromogenes NBRC 13072T (NR041109). Strain SK68 was evaluated for its salinity stress-alleviating activity in tomato plants with 180 mmol/L NaCl under gnotobiotic condition. A significant increase in plant biomass was observed in strain SK68-inoculated tomato plants under salt stress compared to control and salt-stressed non-inoculated plants.

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    Yang Xu, Zhimeng Zhang, Hong Ding, Saiqun Wen, Guanchu Zhang, Feifei Qin, Liangxiang Dai
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    You-Wei Xiong, Yuan Gong, Xue-Wei Li, Pan Chen, Xiu-Yun Ju, Chun-Mei Zhang, Bo Yuan, Zuo-Peng Lv, Ke Xing, Sheng Qin
    Plant and Soil.2019; 445(1-2): 307.     CrossRef
Antifungal activity of 3-acetylbenzamide produced by actinomycete WA23-4-4 from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana
Xia Fang , Juan Shen , Jie Wang , Zhi-li Chen , Pei-bin lin , Zhi-yu Chen , Lin-yan Liu , Huan-xiong Zeng , Xiao-bao Jin
J. Microbiol. 2018;56(7):516-523.   Published online June 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7510-z
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Actinomycetes are well-known for producing numerous bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, primary screening by antifungal activity assay found one actinomycete strain WA23-4-4 isolated from the intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana that exhibited broad spectrum antifungal activity. 16S rDNA gene analysis of strain WA23-4-4 revealed close similarity to Streptomyces nogalater (AB045886) with 86.6% sequence similarity. Strain WA23-4-4 was considered as a novel Streptomyces and the 16s rDNA sequence has been submitted to GenBank (accession no. KX291006). The maximum antifungal activity of WA23-4-4 was achieved when culture conditions were optimized to pH 8.0, with 12% inoculum concentration and 210 ml ISP2 medium, which remained stable between the 5th and the 9th day. 3-Acetyl benzoyl amide was isolated by ethyl acetate extraction of WA23- 4-4 fermentation broth, and its molecular formula was determined as C9H9NO2 based on MS, IR, 1H, and 13C NMR analyses. The compound showed significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (MIC: 31.25 μg/ml) and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 (MIC: 31.25 μg/ml). However, the compound had higher MIC values against Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 60836 (MIC: 500 μg/ml) and Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 96918 (MIC: 1,000 μg/ml). SEM analysis showed damage to the cell membrane of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and to the mycelium of Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 after being treatment with 3-acetyl benzoyl amide. In conclusion, this is the first time that 3-acetyl benzoyl amide has been identified from an actinomycete and this compound exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404.

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    Liuchong Zhu, Dan Huang, Jinli Tan, Jiaxuan Huang, Ruyu Zhang, Jingyang Liao, Jie Wang, Xiaobao Jin
    BMC Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Zong-Qi Zhang, Si-Cong Chen, Jin-Hua Xiao, Da-Wei Huang
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    Yan Ma, Ping Guo, Xueqin Chen, Minhua Xu, Wenbin Liu, Xiaobao Jin
    BMC Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sara M. A. Waly, Andrew C. Benniston, Joshua K. G. Karlsson, Casey M. Dixon, Corinne Wills, Paul G. Waddell, Anthony Harriman
    Chemistry – A European Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Wenbin Liu, Ertong Li, Lingyan Liu, Fangyuan Tian, Xiongming Luo, Yanqu Cai, Jie Wang, Xiaobao Jin
    Heliyon.2023; 9(7): e17777.     CrossRef
  • A minireview of the medicinal and edible insects from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
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    María Susana Pérez-Grisales, Sandra I. Uribe Soto
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  • Bacterial bioactive metabolites as therapeutic agents: From production to action
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  • A cytotoxic triterpenoid from a Periplaneta americana-derived, Gordonia hongkongensis WA12-1-1
    Jie Wang, Mengying He, Huanxiong Zeng, Wenbin Liu, Xiongming Luo, Yan Ma, Zhiyu Chen, Xiaobao Jin
    FEMS Microbiology Letters.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antimicrobial compounds were isolated from the secondary metabolites of Gordonia, a resident of intestinal tract of Periplaneta americana
    Yan Ma, Minhua Xu, Hancong Liu, Tiantian Yu, Ping Guo, Wenbin Liu, Xiaobao Jin
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  • Bioactive antifungal metabolites produced by Streptomyces amritsarensis V31 help to control diverse phytopathogenic fungi
    Mohammad Shahid, Bansh Narayan Singh, Shaloo Verma, Prassan Choudhary, Sudipta Das, Hillol Chakdar, Kumar Murugan, Sanjay Kumar Goswami, Anil Kumar Saxena
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Identification and characterization of a new agar-degrading strain with the novel properties of saccharides inhibition and nitrogen fixation
Hao Wu , Guiguang Chen , Yaxi Bian , Wei Zeng , Bihong Sun , Zhiqun Liang
J. Microbiol. 2017;55(6):475-482.   Published online May 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6464-x
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AbstractAbstract PDF
In this study, a new agar-degrading strain was isolated from soil with agar as a sole carbon source and energy. Based on its morphological, physiological, biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA sequence, the strain was identified as Strep-tomyces lavendulae UN-8. The extracellular agarase activity reached 0.03 U/ml after fermentation in shake flask (250 ml), which was close to other reported non-marine micro-organisms. Furthermore, it is interesting that the growth of UN-8 would be inhibited by glucose (40 g/L) and maltose (40 g/L) with the inhibitory rate of 100% and 70%, respec-tively. Besides, UN-8 could be grown on the solid medium without any nitrogen sources, then the possible nitrogen fix-ation gene nifU was cloned from its genomic DNA. The de-duced amino acid sequence of nifU has high similarity (98%) with nitrogen fixation protein NifU from Streptomyces sp. NRRL S-104 (KJY22454.1) and Streptomyces sp. NRRL F-4428 (KJK52526.1) based on NCBI blast. It is suggested that the nifU gene of UN-8 also encoded nitrogen fixation protein NifU. These results provided some new information for the further understanding of agar-degrading strain.

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  • Bacterial Isolation from Natural Grassland on Nitrogen-Free Agar Yields Many Strains Without Nitrogenase
    Amrit Koirala, Nabilah Ali Alshibli, Bikram K. Das, Volker S. Brözel
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  • A Novel Strategy to Regulate 1-Deoxynojirimycin Production Based on Its Biosynthetic Pathway in Streptomyces lavendulae
    Hao Wu, Ye Guo, Lei Chen, Guiguang Chen, Zhiqun Liang
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
Crystal structure of Streptomyces coelicolor RraAS2, an unusual member of the RNase E inhibitor RraA protein family
Nohra Park , Jihune Heo , Saemee Song , Inseong Jo , Kangseok Lee , Nam-Chul Ha
J. Microbiol. 2017;55(5):388-395.   Published online April 29, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-7053-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Bacterial ribonuclease E (RNase E) plays a crucial role in the processing and decay of RNAs. A small protein named RraA negatively regulates the activity of RNase E via protein-protein interaction in various bacteria. Recently, RraAS1 and RraAS2, which are functional homologs of RraA from Escherichia coli, were identified in the Gram-positive species Streptomyces coelicolor. RraAS1 and RraAS2 inhibit RNase ES ribonuclease activity in S. coelicolor. RraAS1 and RraAS2 have a C-termi-nal extension region unlike typical bacterial RraA proteins. In this study, we present the crystal structure of RraAS2, ex-hibiting a hexamer arranged in a dimer of trimers, consistent with size exclusion chromatographic results. Importantly, the C-terminal extension region formed a long α-helix at the junction of the neighboring subunit, which is similar to the trimeric RraA orthologs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Trun-cation of the C-terminal extension region resulted in loss of RNase ES inhibition, demonstrating its crucial role. Our find-ings present the first bacterial RraA that has a hexameric assembly with a C-terminal extension α-helical region, which plays an essential role in the regulation of RNase ES activity in S. coelicolor.

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  • Relaxed Cleavage Specificity of Hyperactive Variants of Escherichia coli RNase E on RNA I
    Dayeong Bae, Hana Hyeon, Eunkyoung Shin, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Kangseok Lee
    Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(2): 211.     CrossRef
  • An oxidative metabolic pathway of 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEHU) from alginate in an alginate-assimilating bacterium
    Ryuji Nishiyama, Takao Ojima, Yuki Ohnishi, Yasuhiro Kumaki, Tomoyasu Aizawa, Akira Inoue
    Communications Biology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The coordinated action of RNase III and RNase G controls enolase expression in response to oxygen availability in Escherichia coli
    Minho Lee, Minju Joo, Minji Sim, Se-Hoon Sim, Hyun-Lee Kim, Jaejin Lee, Minkyung Ryu, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Yoonsoo Hahn, Nam-Chul Ha, Jang-Cheon Cho, Kangseok Lee
    Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • RNase G controls tpiA mRNA abundance in response to oxygen availability in Escherichia coli
    Jaejin Lee, Dong-Ho Lee, Che Ok Jeon, Kangseok Lee
    Journal of Microbiology.2019; 57(10): 910.     CrossRef
  • Functional implications of hexameric assembly of RraA proteins from Vibrio vulnificus
    Saemee Song, Seokho Hong, Jinyang Jang, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Nohra Park, Jaejin Lee, Yeri Lim, Jun-Yeong Jeon, Hyung-Kyoon Choi, Minho Lee, Nam-Chul Ha, Kangseok Lee, Eric Cascales
    PLOS ONE.2017; 12(12): e0190064.     CrossRef
RraAS1 inhibits the ribonucleolytic activity of RNase ES by interacting with its catalytic domain in Streptomyces coelicolor
Sojin Seo , Daeyoung Kim , Wooseok Song , Jihune Heo , Minju Joo , Yeri Lim , Ji-Hyun Yeom , Kangseok Lee
J. Microbiol. 2017;55(1):37-43.   Published online December 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6518-0
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AbstractAbstract PDF
RraA is a protein inhibitor of RNase E, which degrades and processes numerous RNAs in Escherichia coli. Streptomyces coelicolor also contains homologs of RNase E and RraA, RNase ES and RraAS1/RraAS2, respectively. Here, we report that, unlike other RraA homologs, RraAS1 directly interacts with the catalytic domain of RNase ES to exert its inhibitory effect. We further show that rraAS1 gene deletion in S. coelicolor
results
in a higher growth rate and increased production of actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin, compared with the wild-type strain, suggesting that RraAS1-mediated regulation of RNase ES activity contributes to modulating the cellular physiology of S. coelicolor.

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  • Identification of the global regulatory roles of RraA via the integrative transcriptome and proteome in Vibrio alginolyticus
    Huizhen Chen, Qian Gao, Bing Liu, Ying Zhang, Jianxiang Fang, Songbiao Wang, Youqi Chen, Chang Chen, Nicolas E. Buchler
    mSphere.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Streptomyces RNases – Function and impact on antibiotic synthesis
    George H. Jones
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Regulator of RNase E activity modulates the pathogenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium
    Jaejin Lee, Eunkyoung Shin, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Jaeyoung Park, Sunwoo Kim, Minho Lee, Kangseok Lee
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2022; 165: 105460.     CrossRef
  • Regulator of ribonuclease activity modulates the pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus
    Jaejin Lee, Eunkyoung Shin, Jaeyeong Park, Minho Lee, Kangseok Lee
    Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(12): 1133.     CrossRef
  • The coordinated action of RNase III and RNase G controls enolase expression in response to oxygen availability in Escherichia coli
    Minho Lee, Minju Joo, Minji Sim, Se-Hoon Sim, Hyun-Lee Kim, Jaejin Lee, Minkyung Ryu, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Yoonsoo Hahn, Nam-Chul Ha, Jang-Cheon Cho, Kangseok Lee
    Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • RNase G controls tpiA mRNA abundance in response to oxygen availability in Escherichia coli
    Jaejin Lee, Dong-Ho Lee, Che Ok Jeon, Kangseok Lee
    Journal of Microbiology.2019; 57(10): 910.     CrossRef
  • Functional implications of hexameric assembly of RraA proteins from Vibrio vulnificus
    Saemee Song, Seokho Hong, Jinyang Jang, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Nohra Park, Jaejin Lee, Yeri Lim, Jun-Yeong Jeon, Hyung-Kyoon Choi, Minho Lee, Nam-Chul Ha, Kangseok Lee, Eric Cascales
    PLOS ONE.2017; 12(12): e0190064.     CrossRef
  • Crystal structure of Streptomyces coelicolor RraAS2, an unusual member of the RNase E inhibitor RraA protein family
    Nohra Park, Jihune Heo, Saemee Song, Inseong Jo, Kangseok Lee, Nam-Chul Ha
    Journal of Microbiology.2017; 55(5): 388.     CrossRef
RraAS2 requires both scaffold domains of RNase ES for high-affinity binding and inhibitory action on the ribonucleolytic activity
Jihune Heo , Daeyoung Kim , Minju Joo , Boeun Lee , Sojin Seo , Jaejin Lee , Saemee Song , Ji-Hyun Yeom , Nam-Chul Ha , Kangseok Lee
J. Microbiol. 2016;54(10):660-666.   Published online September 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6417-9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
RraA is a protein inhibitor of RNase E (Rne), which catalyzes the endoribonucleolytic cleavage of a large proportion of RNAs in Escherichia coli. The antibiotic‐producing bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor also contains homologs of RNase E and RraA, designated as RNase ES (Rns), RraAS1, and RraAS2, respectively. Here, we report that RraAS2 requires both scaffold domains of RNase ES for high-affinity binding and inhibitory action on the ribonucleolytic activity. Analyses of the steady-state level of RNase E substrates indicated that coexpression of RraAS2 in E. coli cells overproducing Rns effectively inhibits the ribonucleolytic activity of full-length RNase ES, but its inhibitory effects were moderate or undetectable on other truncated forms of Rns, in which the N- or/and C-terminal scaffold domain was deleted. In addition, RraAS2 more efficiently inhibited the in vitro ribonucleolytic activity of RNase ES than that of a truncated form containing the catalytic domain only. Coimmunoprecipitation and in vivo cross-linking experiments further showed necessity of both scaffold domains of RNase ES for high-affinity binding of RraAS2 to the enzyme, resulting in decreased RNA-binding capacity of RNase ES. Our results indicate that RraAS2 is a protein inhibitor of RNase ES and provide clues to how this inhibitor affects the ribonucleolytic activity of RNase ES.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Identification of the global regulatory roles of RraA via the integrative transcriptome and proteome in Vibrio alginolyticus
    Huizhen Chen, Qian Gao, Bing Liu, Ying Zhang, Jianxiang Fang, Songbiao Wang, Youqi Chen, Chang Chen, Nicolas E. Buchler
    mSphere.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Streptomyces RNases – Function and impact on antibiotic synthesis
    George H. Jones
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Regulator of RNase E activity modulates the pathogenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium
    Jaejin Lee, Eunkyoung Shin, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Jaeyoung Park, Sunwoo Kim, Minho Lee, Kangseok Lee
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2022; 165: 105460.     CrossRef
  • Regulator of ribonuclease activity modulates the pathogenicity of Vibrio vulnificus
    Jaejin Lee, Eunkyoung Shin, Jaeyeong Park, Minho Lee, Kangseok Lee
    Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(12): 1133.     CrossRef
  • Divergent rRNAs as regulators of gene expression at the ribosome level
    Wooseok Song, Minju Joo, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Eunkyoung Shin, Minho Lee, Hyung-Kyoon Choi, Jihwan Hwang, Yong-In Kim, Ramin Seo, J. Eugene Lee, Christopher J. Moore, Yong-Hak Kim, Seong-il Eyun, Yoonsoo Hahn, Jeehyeon Bae, Kangseok Lee
    Nature Microbiology.2019; 4(3): 515.     CrossRef
  • RraAS1 inhibits the ribonucleolytic activity of RNase ES by interacting with its catalytic domain in Streptomyces coelicolor
    Sojin Seo, Daeyoung Kim, Wooseok Song, Jihune Heo, Minju Joo, Yeri Lim, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Kangseok Lee
    Journal of Microbiology.2017; 55(1): 37.     CrossRef
  • Bdm-Mediated Regulation of Flagellar Biogenesis in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
    Jaejin Lee, Dae-Jun Kim, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Kangseok Lee
    Current Microbiology.2017; 74(9): 1015.     CrossRef
  • Functional implications of hexameric assembly of RraA proteins from Vibrio vulnificus
    Saemee Song, Seokho Hong, Jinyang Jang, Ji-Hyun Yeom, Nohra Park, Jaejin Lee, Yeri Lim, Jun-Yeong Jeon, Hyung-Kyoon Choi, Minho Lee, Nam-Chul Ha, Kangseok Lee, Eric Cascales
    PLOS ONE.2017; 12(12): e0190064.     CrossRef
  • Crystal structure of Streptomyces coelicolor RraAS2, an unusual member of the RNase E inhibitor RraA protein family
    Nohra Park, Jihune Heo, Saemee Song, Inseong Jo, Kangseok Lee, Nam-Chul Ha
    Journal of Microbiology.2017; 55(5): 388.     CrossRef
Molecular characterization of SCO0765 as a cellotriose releasing endo-β-1,4-cellulase from Streptomyces coelicolor A(3)
Joo-Bin Hong , Vijayalakshmi Dhakshnamoorthy , Chang-Ro Lee
J. Microbiol. 2016;54(9):626-631.   Published online August 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6271-9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The sco0765 gene was annotated as a glycosyl hydrolase family 5 endoglucanase from the genomic sequence of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and consisted of 2,241 bp encoding a polypeptide of 747 amino acids (molecular weight of 80.5 kDa) with a 29-amino acid signal peptide for secretion. The SCO0765 recombinant protein was heterogeneously overexpressed in Streptomyces lividans TK24 under the control of a strong ermE* promoter. The purified SCO0765 protein showed the expected molecular weight of the mature form (718 aa, 77.6 kDa) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis. SCO0765 showed high activity toward β-glucan and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and negligible activity to Avicel, xylan, and xyloglucan. The SCO0765 cellulase had a maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 40°C toward CMC and at pH 9.0 and 50–60°C toward β-glucan. Thin layer chromatography of the hydrolyzed products of CMC and β-glucan by SCO0765 gave cellotriose as the major product and cellotetraose, cellopentaose, and longer oligosaccharides as the minor products. These results clearly demonstrate that SCO0765 is an endo-β-1,4-cellulase, hydrolyzing the β-1,4 glycosidic bond of cellulose into cellotriose.

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    Jiaqi Zhang, Yingying Liu, Junxing Hu, Guangxian Leng, Xining Liu, Zailin Cui, Wenzhen Wang, Yufang Ma, Shanshan Sha
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(2): 1051.     CrossRef
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    Alisha D. Malik, Irene J. Furtado
    Journal of Basic Microbiology.2019; 59(7): 692.     CrossRef
  • Biochemical characterization of a novel cold-adapted agarotetraose-producing α-agarase, AgaWS5, from Catenovulum sediminis WS1-A
    Choong Hyun Lee, Chang-Ro Lee, Soon-Kwang Hong
    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2019; 103(20): 8403.     CrossRef
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
Antibacterial metabolites from the Actinomycete Streptomyces sp. P294
Huining Su , Hongwei Shao , Keqin Zhang , Guohong Li
J. Microbiol. 2016;54(2):131-135.   Published online February 2, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5311-9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The Actinomycete strain P294 was isolated from soil and identified as Streptomyces sp. based upon the results of 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Three compounds obtained from the solid fermentation products of this strain have been determined by 1D, 2D NMR and HRMS experiments. These compounds include two new compounds angumycinones C (1) and D (2), and the known compound X-14881 E (3). All compounds were assayed for antibacterial and nematicidal activity. The results showed the three compounds had different degrees of inhibitory activity against several target bacteria but no significant toxicity against the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

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    Hai-Shan Liu, Hui-Ru Chen, Shan-Shan Huang, Zi-Hao Li, Chun-Ying Wang, Hua Zhang
    Marine Drugs.2025; 23(1): 25.     CrossRef
  • Identification, fermentation optimization, and biocontrol efficacy of actinomycete YG-5 for the prevention of Alternaria leaf spot disease in star anise
    Jieming Pan, Xiaoshan Geng, Yujing Cai, Ye Yu, Yanrong Hou, Yao Liu, Caina Ya, Qin Liu
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Diverse ansamycin derivatives from the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. ZYX-F-97 and their antibacterial activities
    Ke-Xin Yi, Qing-Yi Xie, Qing-Yun Ma, Li Yang, Hao-Fu Dai, You-Xing Zhao, Yu-E Hao
    Fitoterapia.2024; 173: 105814.     CrossRef
  • Heterologous Expression of Type II PKS Gene Cluster Leads to Diversified Angucyclines in Streptomyces albus J1074
    Xiaoting Zhang, Falei Zhang, Chen Li, Jiayi Li, Xiao Xu, Tianjiao Zhu, Qian Che, Deihai Li, Guojian Zhang
    Marine Drugs.2024; 22(11): 480.     CrossRef
  • Streptomyces sp. AN090126 as a Biocontrol Agent against Bacterial and Fungal Plant Diseases
    Khanh Duy Le, Nan Hee Yu, Ae Ran Park, Dong-Jin Park, Chang-Jin Kim, Jin-Cheol Kim
    Microorganisms.2022; 10(4): 791.     CrossRef
  • Soluble macromolecules from two Streptomyces strains with potent nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita
    Qianru Hu, Minmin Yang, Tingting Bo, Yuxin Li, Caimi Wu, Minghe Mo, Yajun Liu
    Rhizosphere.2022; 22: 100529.     CrossRef
In vivo antimalarial activity of the endophytic actinobacteria, Streptomyces SUK 10
Mohd Shukri Baba , Noraziah Mohamad Zin , Zainal Abidin Abu Hassan , Jalifah Latip , Florence Pethick , Iain S. Hunter , RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel , Paul R. Herron
J. Microbiol. 2015;53(12):847-855.   Published online December 2, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5076-6
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AbstractAbstract
Endophytic bacteria, such as Streptomyces, have the potential to act as a source for novel bioactive molecules with medicinal properties. The present study was aimed at assessing the antimalarial activity of crude extract isolated from various strains of actinobacteria living endophytically in some Malaysian medicinal plants. Using the four day suppression test method on male ICR strain mice, compounds produced from three strains of Streptomyces (SUK8, SUK10, and SUK27) were tested in vivo against Plasmodium berghei PZZ1/100 in an antimalarial screen using crude extracts at four different concentrations. One of these extracts, isolated from Streptomyces SUK10 obtained from the bark of Shorea ovalis tree, showed inhibition of the test organism and was further tested against P. berghei-infected mice for antimalarial activity at different concentrations. There was a positive relationship between the survival of the infected mouse group treated with 50 μg/kg body weight (bw) of ethyl acetate-SUK10 crude extract and the ability to inhibit the parasites growth. The parasite inhibition percentage for this group showed that 50% of the mice survived for more than 90 days after infection with the parasite. The nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic tree suggested that Streptomyces SUK10 may constitute a new species within the Streptomyces genus. As part of the drug discovery process, these promising finding may contribute to the medicinal and pharmaceutical field for malarial treatment.

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Biocatalytic Properties and Substrate-binding Ability of a Modular GH10 β-1,4-Xylanase from an Insect-symbiotic Bacterium, Streptomyces mexicanus HY-14
Do Young Kim , Dong-Ha Shin , Sora Jung , Jong Suk Lee , Han-Young Cho , Kyung Sook Bae , Chang-Keun Sung , Young Ha Rhee , Kwang-Hee Son , Ho-Yong Park
J. Microbiol. 2014;52(10):863-870.   Published online October 1, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-4390-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The gene (1350-bp) encoding a modular β-1,4-xylanase (XylU), which consists of an N-terminal catalytic GH10 domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding module 2 (CBM 2), from Streptomyces mexicanus HY-14 was cloned and functionally characterized. The purified His-tagged recombinant enzyme (rXylU, 44.0 kDa) was capable of efficiently hydrolyze diverse xylosidic compounds, p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside, and pnitrophenyl- xylopyranoside when incubated at pH 5.5 and 65°C. Especially, the specific activities (649.8 U/mg and 587.0 U/mg, respectively) of rXylU toward oat spelts xylan and beechwood xylan were relatively higher than those (<500.0 U/mg) of many other GH10 homologs toward the same substrates. The results of enzymatic degradation of birchwood xylan and xylooligosaccharides (xylotriose to xylohexaose) revealed that rXylU preferentially hydrolyzed the substrates to xylobiose (>75%) as the primary degradation product. Moreover, a small amount (4%<) of xylose was detected as the degradation product of the evaluated xylosidic substrates, indicating that rXylU was a peculiar GH10 β-1,4- xylanase with substrate specificity, which was different from its retaining homologs. A significant reduction of the binding ability of rXylU caused by deletion of the C-terminal CBM 2 to various insoluble substrates strongly suggested that the additional domain might considerably contribute to the enzyme-substrate interaction.

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Journal Articles
Application of Statistical Experimental Design for Optimization of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis by a Nanofactory Streptomyces viridochromogenes
Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar , Nayera A.M. Abdelwahed
J. Microbiol. 2014;52(1):53-63.   Published online January 4, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-014-3410-z
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Central composite design was chosen to determine the combined effects of four process variables (AgNO3 concentration, incubation period, pH level and inoculum size) on the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Streptomycesviridochromogenes. Statistical analysis of the results showed that incubation period, initial pH level and inoculum size had significant effects (P􌥑0.05) on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles at their individual level. The maximum biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved at a concentration of 0.5% (v/v) of 1 mM AgNO3, incubation period of 96 h, initial pH of 9 and inoculum size of 2% (v/v). After optimization, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was improved by approximately 5-fold as compared to that of the unoptimized conditions. The synthetic process of silver nanoparticle generation using the reduction of aqueous Ag+ ion by the culture supernatants of S. viridochromogenes was quite fast, and silver nanoparticles were formed immediately by the addition of AgNO3 solution (1 mM) to the cell-free supernatant. Initial characterization of silver nanoparticles was performed by visual observation of color change from yellow to intense brown color. UV-visible spectrophotometry for measuring surface plasmon resonance showed a single absorption peak at 400 nm, which confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis provided evidence for proteins as possible reducing and capping agents for stabilizing the nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed the extracellular formation of spherical silver nanoparticles in the size range of 2.15–7.27 nm. Compared to the cell-free supernatant, the biosynthesized AgNPs revealed superior antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacterial strains and Candida albicans.

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Fumigant Activity of Volatiles from Streptomyces alboflavus TD-1 against Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon
Zhifang Wang , Changlu Wang , Fengjuan Li , Zhenjing Li , Mianhua Chen , Yurong Wang , Xi Qiao , Hong Zhang
J. Microbiol. 2013;51(4):477-483.   Published online August 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2586-y
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The fumigant activity of volatiles generated by Streptomyces alboflavus TD-1 against Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon was investigated. The results showed that the mycelial growth, sporulation, and spore germination of F. moniliforme were significantly suppressed, and that membrane permeability was disrupted in the presence of the volatiles. Gas chromatography-mass Spectrometry analysis revealed 31 kinds of volatile organic compound from the volatiles. Among them, two earthy-smelling substances, namely, 2-methylisoborneol (50.97%) and trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalinol (3.10%) were found. The most abundant compound, 2-methylisoborneol, exhibited inhibitory activity against F. moniliforme by fumigation. All these results suggested that S. alboflavus TD-1 can be a promising starter for the inhibition of F. moniliforme through fumigant action.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
Construction of a Streptomyces lydicus A01 Transformant with a chit42 Gene from Trichoderma harzianum P1 and Evaluation of Its Biocontrol Activity against Botrytis cinerea
Qiong Wu , Linquan Bai , Weicheng Liu , Yingying Li , Caige Lu , Yaqian Li , Kehe Fu , Chuanjin Yu , Jie Chen
J. Microbiol. 2013;51(2):166-173.   Published online April 27, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2321-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Streptomyces lydicus A01 and Trichoderma harzianum P1 are potential biocontrol agents of fungal diseases in plants. S. lydicus A01 produces natamycin to bind the ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane and inhibits the growth of Botrytis cinerea. T. harzianum P1, on the other hand, features high chitinase activity and decomposes the chitin in the cell wall of B. cinerea. To obtain the synergistic biocontrol effects of chitinase and natamycin on Botrytis cinerea, this study transformed the chit42 gene from T. harzianum P1 to S. lydicus A01. The conjugal transformant (CT) of S. lydicus A01 with the chit42 gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associated chitinase activity and natamycin production were examined using the 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, respectively. The S. lydicus A01-chit42 CT showed substantially higher chitinase activity and natamycin production than its wild type strain (WT). Consequently, the biocontrol effects of S. lydicus A01-chit42 CT on B. cinerea, including inhibition to spore germination and mycelial growth, were highly improved compared with those of the WT. Our research indicates that the biocontrol effect of Streptomyces can be highly improved by transforming the exogenous resistance gene, i.e. chit42 from Trichoderma, which not only enhances the production of antibiotics, but also provides a supplementary function by degrading the cell walls of the pathogens.

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Optimized Transformation of Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 Producing Leptomycin by Electroporation
Yong-Qiang Fan , Hong-Jian Liu , Li Yan , Yu-Shi Luan , Hai-Meng Zhou , Jun-Mo Yang , Shang-Jun Yin , Yu-Long Wang
J. Microbiol. 2013;51(3):318-322.   Published online April 26, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-013-2428-y
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 produces leptomycin derivatives. Leptomycin B, a potent and specific inhibitor against the export of nuclear proteins, is the main product; however, the introduction of DNA into this strain is almost impossible, which has impeded its further use. We developed a Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 transformation protocol to introduce foreign DNA via electroporation. Various conditions were examined, including treatments of the cell wall with weakening agents, electroporation parameters, and DNA content. We found that only plasmid DNA isolated from a dam- ET12567 strain resulted in successful transformation. The mycelium growing in a yeast-peptone-dextrose medium supplemented with 1% glycine at 28°C on a rotary shaker (220 rpm) was more dispersed than those without supplementation and prone to electroporation. The maximum transformation efficiency of 8×102 CFU/μg plasmid DNA was obtained at a field strength of 13 kV/cm with a time constant of 13 ms (25-μF capacitor; parallel resistance, 600 Ω) using 1-mm electrocuvettes. The results of the transformations of two other Streptomyces species indicated that the optimized conditions established in this study might only be applicable to Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366. However, this is the first report of successful transformation of Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366, and will facilitate the construction of a gene knockout mutant in Streptomyces sp. ATCC 39366 to produce series of new leptomycin derivatives.

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Screening of Mutant Strain Streptomyces mediolani sp. AC37 for (-)-8-O-Methyltetrangomycin Production Enhancement
Jakeline Trejos Jiménez , Maria Sturdíková , Vlasta Brezová , Emil Svajdlenka , Marta Novotová
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(6):1014-1023.   Published online December 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2025-5
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Streptomyces mediolani sp. AC37 was isolated from the root system of higher plant Taxus baccata and produced metabolite identified as (-)-8-O-methyltetrangomycin according to LC/MS/MS analysis. In our screening program for improvements of bioactive secondary metabolites from plant associate streptomycetes, mutation was used as a tool for the induction of genetic variations for selection of higher (-)-8-O-methyltetrangomycin producers of isolates. S. mediolani sp. AC37 was treated with UV irradiation and chemical mutagenic treatment (N-nitroso-N-methyl-urea). The radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity of (-)-8-O-methyltetrangomycin and extracts isolated from mutants were tested using EPR spin trapping technique and ABTS􀁹+ assay. Comparison of electron microscopic images of Streptomyces sp. AC37 and mutant strains of Streptomyces sp. AC37 revealed substantial differences in morphology and ultrastructure.

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Selection of a Streptomyces Strain Able to Produce Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and Active against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Adriana Fróes , Andrew Macrae , Juliana Rosa , Marcella Franco , Rodrigo Souza , Rosângela Soares , Rosalie Coelho
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(5):798-806.   Published online November 4, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2060-2
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AbstractAbstract
Control of plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an ongoing challenge because of its wide host range and the persistence of its sclerotia in soil. Fungicides are the most commonly used method to control this fungus but these can have ecotoxicity impacts. Chitinolytic Streptomyces strains isolated from Brazilian tropical soils were capable of inhibiting S. sclerotiorum growth in vitro, offering new possibilities for integrated pest management and biocontrol, with a new approach to dealing with an old problem. Strain Streptomyces sp. 80 was capable of irreversibly inhibiting fungal growth. Compared to other strains, its crude enzymes had the highest chitinolytic levels when measured at 25°C and strongly inhibited sclerotia from S. sclerotiorum. It produced four hydrolytic enzymes involved in fungal cell wall degradation when cultured in presence of the fungal mycelium. The best production, obtained after three days, was 0.75 U/ml for exochitinase, 0.9 U/ml for endochitinase, 0.16 U/ml for glucanase, and 1.78 U/ml for peptidase. Zymogram analysis confirmed two hydrolytic bands of chitinolytic activity with apparent molecular masses of 45.8 and 206.8 kDa. One glucanase activity with an apparent molecular mass of 55 kDa was also recorded, as well as seven bands of peptidase activity with apparent molecular masses ranging from 15.5 to 108.4 kDa. Differential interference contrast microscopy also showed alterations of hyphal morphology after co-culture. Streptomyces sp. 80 seems to be promising as a biocontrol agent against S. sclerotiorum, contributing to the development of new methods for controlling plant diseases and reducing the negative impact of using fungicides.

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Molecular Screening of Streptomyces Isolates for Antifungal Activity and Family 19 Chitinase Enzymes
Youssuf Gherbawy , Hesham Elhariry , Abdulla Altalhi , Bahig El-Deeb , Ghada Khiralla
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(3):459-468.   Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2095-4
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Thirty soil-isolates of Streptomyces were analyzed to determine their antagonism against plant-pathogenic fungi including Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aristosporum, Colletotrichum gossypii, and Rhizoctonia solani. Seven isolates showed antifungal activity against one or more strain of the tested fungi. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, these isolates were identified as Streptomyces tendae (YH3), S. griseus (YH8), S. variabilis (YH21), S. endus (YH24), S. violaceusniger (YH27A), S. endus (YH27B), and S. griseus (YH27C). The identity percentages ranged from 98 to 100%. Although some isolates belonged to the same species, there were many differences in their cultural and morphological characteristics. Six isolates out of seven showed chitinase activity according to a chitinolytic activity test and on colloidal chitin agar plates. Based on the conserved regions among the family 19 chitinase genes of Streptomyces sp. two primers were used for detection of the chitinase (chiC) gene in the six isolates. A DNA fragment of 1.4 kb was observed only for the isolates YH8, YH27A, and YH27C. In conclusion, six Streptomyces strains with potential chitinolytic activity were identified from the local environment in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Of these isolates, three belong to family 19 chitinases. To our knowledge, this is the first reported presence of a chiC gene in S. violaceusniger YH27A.

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Journal Article
Disruption of SCO5461 Gene Coding for a Mono-ADP-Ribosyltransferase Enzyme Produces a Conditional Pleiotropic Phenotype Affecting Morphological Differentiation and Antibiotic Production in Streptomyces coelicolor
Krisztina Szirák , Judit Keser&# , Sándor Biró , Iván Schmelczer , György Barabás , András Penyige
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(3):409-418.   Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1440-y
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The SCO5461 gene of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) codes for an ADP-ribosyltransferase enzyme that is predicted to be a transmembrane protein with an extracellular catalytic domain. PCR-targeted disruption of the gene resulted in a mutant that differentiated normally on complex SFM medium; however, morphological differentiation in minimal medium was significantly delayed and this phenotype was even more pronounced on osmotically enhanced minimal medium. The mutant did not sporulate when it was grown on R5 medium, however the normal morphological differentiation was restored when the strain was cultivated beside the wild-type S. coelicolor M145 strain. Comparison of the pattern of ADP-ribosylated proteins showed a difference between the mutant and the wild type, fewer modified proteins were present in the cellular crude extract of the mutant strain. These results support our previous suggestions that protein ADP-ribosylation is involved in the regulation of differentiation and antibiotic production and secretion in Streptomyces.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Diversity and Physiological Properties of Root Endophytic Actinobacteria in Native Herbaceous Plants of Korea
Tae-Ui Kim , Sung-Heun Cho , Ji-Hye Han , Young Min Shin , Hyang Burm Lee , Seung Bum Kim
J. Microbiol. 2012;50(1):50-57.   Published online February 27, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-1417-x
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AbstractAbstract
Endophytic actinobacterial diversity in the native herbaceous plant species of Korea was analyzed using a culturebased approach. Sixty one actinobacterial strains were isolated, and assigned to 15 genera based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. The members of the genus Streptomyces comprised 45.9% of the total isolates, followed by Micromonospora (18.8%), Rhodococcus (6.6%), Microbispora (4.9%), and Micrococcus (4.9%). Other minor constituents included members of Microbacterium, Streptacidiphilus, Arthrobacter, Dietzia, Kitasatospora, Herbiconiux, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rathayibacter, and Tsukamurella. Among the isolates, 65.6% exhibited at least one hydrolytic enzyme activity out of four, and 45.9% exhibited antagonistic activity against at least one fungal pathogen out of five, thus demonstrating that endophytic actinobacteria can be an important source of bioactive compounds. Notably, most strains of Streptomyces proved active for both enzymatic and antagonistic activities.

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Journal Article
Assessment of Resistomycin, as an Anticancer Compound Isolated and Characterized from Streptomyces aurantiacus AAA5
Rajendran Vijayabharathi , Per Bruheim , Trygve Andreassen , Duraisamy Senthil Raja , Palanisamy Bruntha Devi , Sathyaseelan Sathyabama , Venkatesan Brindha Priyadarisini
J. Microbiol. 2011;49(6):920-926.   Published online December 28, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1260-5
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AbstractAbstract PDF
A new actinomycete strain, isolated from humus soils in the Western Ghats, was found to be an efficient pigment producer. The strain, designated AAA5, was identified as a putative Streptomyces aurantiacus strain based on cultural properties, morphology, carbon source utilization, and analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. The strain produced a reddish-brown pigmented compound during the secondary metabolites phase. A yellow compound was derived from the extracted pigment and was identified as the quinone-related antibiotic resistomycin based on ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The AAA5 strain was found to produce large quantities of resistomycin (52.5 mg/L). It showed potent cytotoxic activity against cell lines viz. HepG2 (hepatic carcinoma) and HeLa (cervical carcinoma) in vitro, with growth inhibition (GI50) of 0.006 and 0.005 μg/ml, respectively. The strain also exhibited broad antimicrobial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, AAA5 may have great potential as an industrial resistomycin-producing strain.

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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
Rapid Discrimination of Potato Scab-Causing Streptomyces Species Based on the RNase P RNA Gene Sequences
Hang-Yeon Weon , Jaekyeong Song , Byung-Yong Kim , On-Suk Hur , In-Cheol Park , Joo-Won Suh
J. Microbiol. 2011;49(5):791-796.   Published online November 9, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1279-7
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Scab disease significantly damages potatoes and other root crops. Some Streptomyces species have been reported as potato-scab pathogens. Identification of the phytopathogenic Streptomyces is mainly done on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene, but use of this gene has some limitations for discriminating these strains because they share high similarities of 16S rRNA gene sequences. We tested the RNase P RNA (rnpB) gene as a taxonomic marker to clarify the relationship among closely related scab-causing Streptomyces strains. The rnpB genes were analyzed for 41 strains including 9 isolates from Jeju, Korea. There were 4 highly variable regions including nucleotide gaps in the rnpB genes. Interspecies similarity of the rnpB gene in tested Streptomyces strains was lower than about 97%, while the intraspecies similarity was higher than about 98%. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the rnpB tree has similar topology to the 16S rRNA gene tree, but produces a more divergent phyletic lineage. These results revealed that the rnpB gene could be used as a powerful taxonomic tool for rapid differentiation of closely related Streptomyces species. In addition, it was also suggested that the variable regions marked as α, β, γ, and δ in the rnpB gene could be useful markers for the detection of specific Streptomyces species.

Citations

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  • Halotolerant Streptomyces albidoflavus INA 01478 as a Producer of Daidzein: Genome Annotation, purification and Antifungal Activity
    O. N. Sineva, N. N. Markelova, K. V. Malysheva, O. A. Kolpakova, G. Kh. Kudryakova, I. A. Prokhorenko, O. V. Kisil, A. Yu. Simonov, V. I. Polshakov, I. B. Levshin, V. S. Sadykova
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Functional Analysis of SGR4635-Induced Enhancement of Pigmented Antibiotic Production in Streptomyces lividans
Won-Jae Chi , Soon-Youl Lee , JaeHag Lee
J. Microbiol. 2011;49(5):828-833.   Published online November 9, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1100-7
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The Gram-positive mycelium-producing bacterium Streptomyces undergoes complex morphological differentiation after autolytic degradation of the vegetative mycelium. Cell-wall breakdown during growth stimulates cell development and secondary metabolite production by Streptomyces. N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) produced by cell-wall lysis acts as a signal molecule, triggering the production of secondary metabolites in S. coelicolor A3(2). Here, we report that introduction of multiple copies of the GlcNAc-internalizing gene (sgr4635, encoding nagE2) of S. griseus activates actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin production during the late growth of S. lividans in the absence of GlcNAc. Furthermore, the repressor-type transcriptional regulator DasR binds to two operator sites upstream of sgr4635. Our findings indicate that sgr4635 induces DasR-mediated antibiotic production by internalizing the GlcNAc accumulated from cell-wall lysis.

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Biochemical Characteristization of Propionyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase Complex of Streptomyces toxytricini
Atanas V. Demirev , Anamika Khanal , Nguyen Phan Kieu Hanh , Kyung Tae Nam , Doo Hyun Nam
J. Microbiol. 2011;49(3):407-412.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-1122-1
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Acyl-CoA carboxylases (ACC) are involved in important primary or secondary metabolic pathways such as fatty acid and/or polyketides synthesis. In the 6.2 kb fragment of pccB gene locus of Streptomyces toxytricini producing a pancreatic inhibitor lipstatin, 3 distinct subunit genes of presumable propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCCase) complex, assumed to be one of ACC responsible for the secondary metabolism, were identified along with gene for a biotin protein ligase (Bpl). The subunits of PCCase complex were α subunit (AccA3), β subunit (PccB), and auxiliary ε subunit (PccE). In order to disclose the involvement of the PCCase complex in secondary metabolism, some biochemical characteristics of each subunit as well as their complex were examined. In the test of substrate specificity of the PCCase complex, it was confirmed that this complex showed much higher conversion of propionyl-CoA rather than acetyl-CoA. It implies the enzyme complex could play a main role in the production of methylmalonyl-CoA from propionyl-CoA, which is a precursor of secondary polyketide biosynthesis.

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    Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.2013; 70(5): 863.     CrossRef
Characterization of Sgr3394 Produced only by the A-Factor-Producing Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350, not by the A-Factor Deficient Mutant HH1
Won-Jae Chi , Xue-Mei Jin , Sung-Cheol Jung , Eun A Oh , Soon-Kwang Hong
J. Microbiol. 2011;49(1):155-160.   Published online March 3, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-011-0330-z
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Protein D (9.7 kDa) is an extracellular protein detected in the culture broth of A-factor-producing Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350, but not of the A-factor-deficient mutant strain S. griseus HH1. Comparison of the N-terminal amino acid sequence with the genomic sequencing data of S. griseus IFO 13350 identified protein D as Sgr3394, which encodes a putative secretory protein with unknown function. The premature Sgr3394 consisted of 128 amino acids (13.5 kDa), showed 87.5% identity with SACT1DRAFT-0503, from Streptomyces sp. ACT-1, and 68.8% identity with SrosN15-18634, from S. roseosporus NRRL15998, and was confirmed to be matured for secretion by a peptide cleavage between the Ala-38 and Ala-39 bond. RT-PCR anaylsis of Sgr3394 clearly showed that it can be transcribed in the wild-type strain, but not in the A-factor-deficient strain. However, a gel-mobility shift assay of the promoter region of sgr3394 with A-factor-dependent transcriptional regulator (AdpA) showed that AdpA could not specifically recognize the putative AdpA-binding site (5′-TCCCCCGAAT-3′). All of these data strongly suggest that the expression of sgr3394 is not directly induced by AdpA but is regulated indirectly by an A-factor dependent protein. Introduction of sgr3394 on a high-copy-numbered plasmid (pWHM3-sgr3394) into S. lividans TK21 induced massive production of actinorhodin (blue pigment) and undecylprodigiosin (red pigment). Compared to the control, production of each pigment increased by 6.1 and 2.6 times, respectively, on R2YE agar, and 3.1 and 1.4 times, respectively, in R2YE broth; there was little influence on morphogenesis. In S. coelicolor A3(2)/pWHM3-sgr3394, actinorhodin and undecylprodigiosin productions were enhanced to 1.8 and 1.1 times those observed in the control, respectively, suggesting that overexpression of sgr3394 can stimulate secondary metabolism, especially actinorhodin biosynthesis, in S. lividans and S. coelicolor.

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  • Genes for biosynthesis of butenolide-like signalling molecules in Streptomyces ghanaensis, their role in moenomycin production
    H. Mutenko, R. Makitrinskyy, O. Tsypik, S. Walker, B. Ostash, V. Fedorenko
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    Won-Jae Chi, Soon-Youl Lee, JaeHag Lee
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Identification and Characterization of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Gene Cluster in Streptomyces toxytricini
Atanas V. Demirev , Ji Seon Lee , Bhishma R. Sedai , Ivan G. Ivanov , Doo Hyun Nam
J. Microbiol. 2009;47(4):473-478.   Published online September 9, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-0135-5
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The gene locus for acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) involved in the primary metabolism was identified from the genomic library of Streptomyces toxytricini which produces a lipase inhibitor lipstatin. The 7.4 kb cloned gene was comprised of 5 ORFs including accD1, accA1, hmgL, fadST1, and stsF. In order to confirm the biochemical characteristics of AccA1, the gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells, and the recombinant protein was purified through Ni2+ affinity chromatography. Because most of the expressed AccA1 was biotinylated by host E. coli BirA in the presence of D-biotin, the non-biotinylated apo-AccA1 was purified after gene induction without D-biotin, followed by exclusion of holo-AccA1 using streptavidin beads. The separated apo-AccA1 was post-translationally biotinylated by S. toxytricini biotin apo-protein ligase (BPL) in a time- and enzyme-dependent manner. This result supports that this gene cluster of S. toxytricini encodes the functional ACC enzyme subunits to be biotinylated.

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Identification of a Novel Streptomyces chattanoogensis L10 and Enhancing Its Natamycin Production by Overexpressing Positive Regulator ScnRII
Yi-Ling Du , Shi-Fei Chen , Liang-Ying Cheng , Xue-Ling Shen , Yuan Tian , Yong-Quan Li
J. Microbiol. 2009;47(4):506-513.   Published online September 9, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-009-0014-0
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AbstractAbstract PDF
A novel Streptomyces strain, L10, which is capable of producing natamycin, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Zhejiang province, China. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of rpoB gene and 16S rDNA sequences, as well as phenotypic comparison, strain L10 (CGMCC 2644) is proposed to be a previously uncharacterized strain of S. chattanoogensis. By screening a cosmid library of strain L10 and primer walking, a partial sequence of scnRI and the entire sequence of scnRII were obtained, which are orthologues to the pathway-specific positive regulator genes of natamycin biosynthesis in S. natalensis. The engineered S. chattanoogensis D1, generated by inserting an additional copy of scnRII into the chromosome of strain L10, increased its natamycin production by 3.3 fold in YSG medium and 4.6 fold in YEME medium without sucrose.

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Identification of a Methyltransferase Encoded by Gene ste16 and Its Function in Ebosin Biosynthesis of Streptomyces sp. 139
Hong-Guan Xie , Yong-Gang Bao , Li-ping Bai , Jun-Jie Shan , Rong Jiang , Yang Zhang , Lian-Hong Guo , Ren Zhang , Yuan Li
J. Microbiol. 2009;47(2):193-200.   Published online May 2, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0195-y
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Streptomyces sp. 139 generates a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) designated as Ebosin, which exerts an antagonistic effect on IL-1R in vitro and anti-rheumatic arthritis activity in vivo. A ste gene cluster for Ebosin biosynthesis consisting of 27 ORFs was previously identified in our laboratory. In this paper, ste16 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and the recombinant protein was purified, which has the ability to catalyze the transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucos, which was thus identified as a methyltransferase. In order to determine the function of ste16 in Ebosin biosynthesis, the gene was disrupted with a double crossover via homologous recombination. The monosaccharide composition of EPS-m generated by the mutant strain Streptomyces sp. 139 (ste16-) was found to differ from that of Ebosin. The IL-1R antagonist activity of EPS-m was markedly lower than that of Ebosin. These experimental results have shown that the ste16 gene codes for a methyltransferase which is involved in Ebosin biosynthesis.
Molecular Cloning of the Phospholipase D Gene from Streptomyces sp. YU100 and Its Expression in Escherichia coli
Ji-Seon Lee , Munkhtsetseg Bat-Ochir , Atanas V. Demirev , Doo Hyun Nam
J. Microbiol. 2009;47(1):116-122.   Published online February 20, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0161-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The gene for phospholipase D (PLD) of Streptomyces sp. YU100 was cloned from λ phage library and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Using an amplified gene fragment based on the consensus sequences of streptomycetes PLDs, λ phage library of Streptomyces sp. YU100 chromosomal DNA was screened. The sequencing result of BamHI-digested 3.8 kb fragment in a positive phage clone revealed the presence of an open reading frame of a full sequence of PLD gene encoding a 540-amino acid protein including 33-amino acid signal peptide. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a high homology with other Streptomyces PLDs, having the highly conserved ‘HKD’ motifs. The PLD gene excluding signal peptide sequence was amplified and subcloned into a pET-32b(+) expression vector in E. coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant PLD was purified by nickel affinity chromatography and compared the enzyme activity with wild-type PLD. The results imply that the recombinant PLD produced by E. coli had the nearly same enzyme activity as PLD from Streptomyces sp. YU100.

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    Jonathan D. Kornspan, Shlomo Rottem, Ran Nir-Paz, K. C. Carroll
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Description of Streptomyces neopeptinius sp. nov., an Actinobacterium with Broad Spectrum Antifungal Activities
Ji Hye Han , In Cheon Hwang , Sung Heun Cho , Cheol Jang , Nam Gyu Kim , Seung Hun Yu , Yong Man Yu , Seung Bum Kim
J. Microbiol. 2008;46(3):295-299.   Published online July 5, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-008-0011-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
A streptomycete strain producing broad-spectrum antifungal substances was taxonomically characterized. The strain, designated KNF 2047T (= SH-09T= KCTC 10586BPT), was found to form extensively branching aerial and substrate mycelia, and produce spiny-ornamented spores with loose spiral chains. The whole cell hydrolyzates contained major amount of LL-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids of the phospholipids were saturated and branched fatty acids containing 14~17 carbons, and the major isoprenoid quinones were hexa- and octa-hydrogenated menaquinones with 9 isoprene units. The phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain belongs to the genus Streptomyces but forms an independent phyletic line. These results clearly demonstrate that strain KNF2047T forms a new center of taxonomic variation within Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces neopeptinius sp. nov. is proposed.

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  • Reassessment of the status of Streptomyces setonii and reclassification of Streptomyces fimicarius as a later synonym of
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  • Screening of Local Actinomycete Isolates in Manipur for Anticandidal Activity
    Suchitra Sanasam, Debananda S. Ningtho
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Isolation and Identification of Newly Isolated Antagonistic Streptomyces sp. Strain AP19-2 Producing Chromomycins
Xue-Chang Wu , Wei-Feng Chen , Chao-Dong Qian , Ou Li , Ping Li , Yan-Ping Wen
J. Microbiol. 2007;45(6):499-504.
DOI: https://doi.org/2645 [pii]
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A new antagonistic strain of actinomycete, designated AP19-2, was isolated from the feces of giant pandas inhabiting the Foping National Nature Reserve in China. Cultural characteristic studies strongly suggested that this strain is a member of the genus Streptomyces. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strain AP19-2 evidenced profound similarity (97-99%) with other Streptomyces strains. Two pure active molecules were isolated from a fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. strain AP19-2 via extraction, concentration, silica gel G column chromatography, and HPLC. The chemical structures of the two related compounds (referred to as chromomycin A2 and chromomycin A3) were established on the basis of their Infrared spectra (IR), High Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data, and by comparison with published data.
Production and Biological Activity of Laidlomycin, Anti-MRSA/VRE Antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. CS684
Jin Cheol Yoo , Jun Ho Kim , Jung Wan Ha , Nae Soo Park , Jae Kyung Sohng , June Woo Lee , Seong Chan Park , Mi Sun Kim , Chi Nam Seong
J. Microbiol. 2007;45(1):6-10.
DOI: https://doi.org/2499 [pii]
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Culture broth of a streptomycete isolate, Streptomyces sp. CS684 showed antibacterial activity on methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE). Among purified substances from the organism, CSU-1, which is active against MRSA and VRE, is a C37H62O12Na (M+, 721.3875), and identified as laidlomycin. The anti-MRSA and anti-VRE activity of CSU-1 was stronger than oxacillin and vancomycin. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain CS684 is very similar to Streptomyces ardus NRRL 2817T, whereas the ability of Streptomyces sp. CS684 to produce laidlomycin was shown to be unique.
Phylogenetic Diversity of Acidophilic Sporoactinobacteria Isolated from Various Soils
Sung-Heun Cho , Ji-Hye Han , Chi Nam Seong , Seung Bum Kim
J. Microbiol. 2006;44(6):600-606.
DOI: https://doi.org/2468 [pii]
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Spore forming actinobacteria (sporoactinobacteria) isolated from soils with an acidic pH in Pinus thunbergii forests and coal mine waste were subjected to taxonomic characterization. For the isolation of acidophilic actinobacteria, acidified starch casein agar (pH adjusted to 4-5) was used. The numbers of actinobacteria growing in acidic media were between 3.2 × 104 and 8.0 × 106 CFU/g soil. Forty three acidophilic actinobacterial strains were isolated and their 16S rDNA sequences were determined. The isolates were divided into eight distinctive phylogenetic clusters within the variation encompassed by the family Streptomycetaceae. Four clusters among them were assigned to the genus Streptacidiphilus, whereas the remaining four were assigned to Streptomyces. The clusters belonging to either Streptomyces or Streptacidiphilus did not form monophyletic clade. The growth pH profiles indicated that the representative isolates grew best between pH 5 and 6. It is evident from this study that acidity has played a critical role in the differentiation of the family Streptomycetaceae, and also that different mechanisms might have resulted in the evolution of two groups, Streptacidiphilus (strict acidophiles) and neutrotolerant acidophilic Streptomyces. The effect of geographic separation was clearly seen among the Streptacidiphilus isolates, which may be a key factor in speciation of the genus.
Journal Article
Meroparamycin Production by Newly Isolated Streptomyces sp. Strain MAR01: Taxonomy, Fermentation, Purification and Structural Elucidation
Moustafa Y. El-Naggar , Samy A. El-Assar , Sahar M. Abdul-Gawad
J. Microbiol. 2006;44(4):432-438.
DOI: https://doi.org/2409 [pii]
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Twelve actinomycete strains were isolated from Egyptian soil. The isolated actinomycete strains were then screened with regard to their potential to generate antibiotics. The most potent of the producer strains was selected and identified. The cultural and physiological characteristics of the strain identified the strain as a member of the genus Streptomyces. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene (1.5 kb) of the most potent strain evidenced a 99% similarity with Streptomyces spp. and S. aureofaciens 16S rRNA genes, and the isolated strain was ultimately identified as Streptomyces sp. MAR01. The extraction of the fermentation broth of this strain resulted in the isolation of one major compound, which was active in vitro against gram-positive, gram-negative representatives and Candida albicans. The chemical structure of this bioactive compound was elucidated based on the spectroscopic data obtained from the application of MS, IR, UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis techniques. Via comparison to the reference data in the relevant literature and in the database search, this antibiotic, which had a molecular formula of C19H29NO2 and a molecular weight of 303.44, was determined to differ from those produced by this genus as well as the available known antibiotics. Therefore, this antibiotic was designated Meroparamycin.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
Identification of Essential Amino acid Residues in Valine Dehydrogenase from Streptomyces albus
Chang-Gu Hyun , Sang-Suk Kim , Joo-Won Suh
J. Microbiol. 2006;44(1):50-53.
DOI: https://doi.org/2337 [pii]
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Cys-29 and Cys-251 of Streptomyces albus valine dehydrogenase (ValDH) were highly conserved in the corresponding region of NAD(P)+-dependent amino acid dehydroganase sequences. To ascertain the functional role of these cysteine residues in S. albus ValDH, site-directed mutagenesis was performed to change each of the two residues to serine. Kinetic analyses of the enzymes mutated at Cys-29 and Cys-251 revealed that these residues are involved in catalysis. We also constructed mutant ValDH by substituting valine for leucine at 305 by site-directed mutagenesis. This residue was chosen, because it has been proposed to be important for substrate discrimination by phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) and leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH). Kinetic anaysis of the V305L mutant enzyme revealed that it is involved in the substrate binding site. However it displayed less activity than the wild type enzyme toward all aliphatic and aromatic amino acids tested.
Identification of Genes for Mycothiol Biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
Joo-Hong Park , Chang-Jun Cha , Jung-Hye Roe
J. Microbiol. 2006;44(1):121-125.
DOI: https://doi.org/2327 [pii]
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Mycothiol is a low molecular weight thiol compound produced by a number of actinomycetes, and has been suggested to serve both anti-oxidative and detoxifying roles. To investigate the metabolism and the role of mycothiol in Streptomyces coelicolor, the biosynthetic genes (mshA, B, C, and D) were predicted based on sequence homology with the mycobacterial genes and confirmed experimentally. Disruption of the mshA, C, and D genes by PCR targeting mutagenesis resulted in no synthesis of mycothiol, whereas the mshB mutation reduced its level to about 10% of the wild type. The results indicate that the mshA, C, and D genes encode non-redundant biosynthetic enzymes, whereas the enzymatic activity of MshB (acetylase) is shared by at least one other gene product, most likely the mca gene product (amidase).
Journal Article
Alternative Production of Avermectin Components in Streptomyces avermitilis by Gene Replacement
Joon-Hyoung Yong , Woo-Hyeon Byeon
J. Microbiol. 2005;43(3):277-284.
DOI: https://doi.org/2212 [pii]
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The avermectins are composed of eight compounds, which exhibit structural differences at three positions. A family of four closely-related major components, A1a, A2a, B1a and B2a, has been identified. Of these components, B1a exhibits the most potent antihelminthic activity. The coexistence of the "1" components and "2" components has been accounted for by the defective dehydratase of aveAI module 2, which appears to be responsible for C22-23 dehydration. Therefore, we have attempted to replace the dehydratase of aveAI module 2 with the functional dehydratase from the erythromycin eryAII module 4, via homologous recombination. Erythromycin polyketide synthetase should contain the sole dehydratase domain, thus generating a saturated chain at the C6-7 of erythromycin. We constructed replacement plasmids with PCR products, by using primers which had been derived from the sequences of avermectin aveAI and the erythromycin eryAII biosynthetic gene cluster. If the original dehydratase of Streptomyces avermitilis were exchanged with the corresponding erythromycin gene located on the replacement plasmid, it would be expected to result in the formation of precursors which contain alkene at C22-23, formed by the dehydratase of erythromycin module 4, and further processed by avermectin polyketide synthase. Consequently, the resulting recombinant strain JW3105, which harbors the dehydratase gene derived from erythromycin, was shown to produce only C22,23-unsaturated avermectin compounds. Our research indicates that the desired compound may be produced via polyketide gene replacement.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts
Molecular Taxonomy of a Soil Actinomycete Isolate, KCCM10454 Showing Neuroprotective Activity by 16S rRNA and rpoB Gene Analysis
Bong-Hee Lee , Hong Kim , Hyun-Ju Kim , Yoon-Kyu Lim , Kyung-Hee Byun , Brian Hutchinson , Chang-Jin Kim , Young-Hwan Ko , Keun-Hwa Lee , Chang-Yong Cha , Yoon-Hoh Kook , Bum-Joon Kim
J. Microbiol. 2005;43(2):213-218.
DOI: https://doi.org/2158 [pii]
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Epilepsy constitutes a significant public health problem, and even the newest drugs and neurosurgical techniques have proven unable to cure the disease. In order to select a group of isolates which could generate an active compound with neuroprotective or antiepileptic properties, we isolated 517 actinomycete strains from soil samples taken from Jeju Island, in South Korea. We then screened these strains for possible anti-apoptotic effects against serum deprivation-induced hippocampal cell death, using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay as an in vitro test. The excitotoxic glutamate analog, kainic acid (KA), was used to induce seizures in experimental mice in our in vivo tests. As a result of this testing, we located one strain which exhibited profound neuroprotective activity. This strain was identified as a Streptomyces species, and exhibited the rifampin-resistant genotype, Asn(AAC)^442, according to the results of 16S rRNA and rpoB gene analyses
Molecular Cloning and Expression of a Thermostable Xylose (Glucose) Isomerase Gene, xylA, from Streptomyces chibaensis J-59
Gil-Jae Joo , Jae-Ho Shin , Gun-Young Heo , Young-Mog Kim , In-Koo Rhee
J. Microbiol. 2005;43(1):34-37.
DOI: https://doi.org/2141 [pii]
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In the present study, the xylA gene encoding a thermostable xylose (glucose) isomerase was cloned from Streptomyces chibaensis J-59. The open reading frame of xylA (1167 bp) encoded a protein of 388 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of about 43 kDa. The XylA showed high sequence homology (92% identity) with that of S. olivochromogenes. The xylose (glucose) isomerase was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The purified recombinant XylA had an apparent molecular mass of 45 kDa, which corresponds to the molecular mass calculated from the deduced amino acid and that of the purified wild-type enzyme. The N-terminal sequences (14 amino acid residues) of the purified protein revealed that the sequences were identical to that deduced from the DNA sequence of the xylA gene. The optimum temperature of the purified enzyme was 85oC and the enzyme exhibited a high level of heat stability.
Identification of [sigma]^B-Dependent Promoters Using Consensus-Directed Search of Streptomyces coelicolor Genome
Eun-Jin Lee , You-Hee Cho , Hyo-Sub Kim , Jung-Hye Roe
J. Microbiol. 2004;42(2):147-151.
DOI: https://doi.org/2030 [pii]
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[sigma]^B plays an important role in both osmoprotection and proper differentiation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). We searched for candidate members of the [sigma]^B regulon from the genome database, using the consensus promoter sequence (GNNTN_14-16GGGTAC/T). The list consists of 115 genes, and includes all the known [sigma]^B target genes and many other genes whose functions are related to stress protection and differentiation.
Characteristics of protease inhibitor produced by streptomyces fradiae SMF9
Kim, Hyoung Tae , Suh, Joo Won , Lee, Key Joon
J. Microbiol. 1995;33(2):103-108.
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Streptomyces fradiae protease inhibitor (SFI) was purified effectively by preparative isoelectric focusing and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The molecular weight of SFI was estimated to be 1.7 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 1.8 kDa by molecular sieving HPLC. One hundred and sixty amino acid residues were determined from which molecular weight of SFI was calculated to be 17.054 Da and carbohydrate residue was not detected. SFI was calculated to be 17,064 Da and carbohydrate residue was not detected. SFI was a monomeric protein with two reactive sits, of which isoelectric point was pH 4.1. N-terminal amino acid sequence of SFI had homology with SSI (Streptomyces subsilisin inhibitor) and other protease inhibitors produced by Streptomyces.
Characteristics of trypsin-like protease and metalloprotease associated with mycelium differentiation of streptomyces albidoflavus SMF301
Kang, Sung Gyun , Kim, In Seop , Jeong, Byung Cheol , Ryu, Jae Gon , Rho, Yong Taik , Lee, Kye Joon
J. Microbiol. 1995;33(4):307-314.
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Trypsin like protease (TLP) and metalloprotease (MTP) were induced in associated with the mycelium differentiation in Streptomyces albidoflavus SMF301. TLP and MTP were purified and characterized from the culture. The molecular mass of TLP and MTP were estimated to be 32 kDa and 18 kDa, respectively. The molecular mass of TLP and MTP were estimated to be 32 kDa and 18 kDa, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature of TLP were 10 and 40℃. Those of MTP were 8 and 55 ℃. TLP was stable at alkaline pH (6-9) and unstable above 45℃ and MTP was stable at alkaline pH and unstable above 80℃. Km and Vmax values with benzoyl-arginyl p-nitroanilide of TLP were 139 uM, and 10 nmole of nitroanilide released per min per ㎍ protein, respectively. Km, and Vmax values with a synthetic substrate, leucine p-nitroanilide, or MTP were 58.9 uM, 3.47 nmol of nitroanilide released per min per/㎍ protein, respectively. TLP was inhibited competitively by leupeptin; the inhibition constant was 0.0031 uM. MTP was inhibited by EDTA, phenonthroline and bestatin.
Physiological importance of trypsin-like protease during morphological differentiation of streptomycetes
Kim, In Seop , Kang, Sung Gyun , Lee, Kye Joon
J. Microbiol. 1995;33(4):315-321.
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The relationship between morphological differentiation and production of trypsin-like protease (TLP_ in streptomycetes was studied. All the Streptomyces spp. In this study produced TLP just before the onset of aerial mycelium formation. Addition of TLP inhibitor, TLCK, to the top surface of colonies inhibited aerial mycelium formation as well as TLP inhibitor, TLCK, to the top surface of colonies inhibited aerial mycelium formation as well as TLP activity. Addition of 2% glucose to the Bennett agar medium repressed both the aerial mycelium formation and TLP production in S. abuvaviensis, S. coelicolor A3(2), S exfoliatus, S. microflavus, S. roseus, s. lavendulae, and S. rochei. However the addition of glucose did not affect S. limosus, S. felleus, S. griseus, S. phaechromogenes, and S. rimosus. The glucose repression on aerial mycelium formation and production of TLP was relieved by the addition of glucose anti-metabolite (methyl α-glucopyranoside). Therefore, it was concluded that TLP production is coordinately regulated with morphological differentiation and TLP activity is essential for morphological differentiation in streptomycetes. The proposed role of TLP is that TLP participates in the degradation of substrate mycelium protein for providing nutrient for aerial mycelial growth.
Numerical classification of actinomycetes isolated from volcanic soil
Kim, Seung Bum , Lee, Soon Dong , Kim, Seon Young , Oh, Hyung Myung , Kang, Sa Ouk , Hah, Yung Chil
J. Microbiol. 1996;34(2):105-116.
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Of actinomycetes isolated from volcanic compost soils, 115 representative strains which showed distinctive morphologicla features were numerically classified, compared with reference strains of Streptomyces. One hundred and twenty unit characters were tested and the average probability of error was 4.27%. The cluster analysis resulted in two groups: group A included strains of actinomycetes except streptomycetes. Group A was divided into 2 major clusters (over 5 strains), 10-diaminopimelic acid. Group B was divided into 5 clusters, of which 4 clusters contained mesodiminopimelic acid and 1 cluster LL-diaminopimelic acid. The major clusters of group A showed higher abilities of substrate utilization and degradation, and higher resistance to inhibitors, whereas the minor and single member clusters of group A showed relatively higher antimicrobial activities. On the other hand, all clusters of group B showed relatively lower abilities of substrate utilization and degradation and lower resistance to inhibitors.
An FMN-containing NADH-quinone reductase from streptomyces sp
Youn, Hong Duk , Lee, Jin Won , Youn, Hwan , Lee, Jeong Kug , Hah, Yung Chil , Kang, Sa Ouk
J. Microbiol. 1996;34(2):206-213.
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AbstractAbstract PDF
NADH-quinone reductase was purified 22-fold from the cytosolic fraction of Streptomyces sp. Imsnu-1 to apparent hemogenity, with an overall yield of 9%, by the purification procedure consisting of ammonium, sulfate precipitation and DEAE Sephacryl S-200 and DEAE 5 PW chromatographies. The molecular mass of the enzyme determined by gel filtration chromatography was found to be 110 kDa. SDS-PAGE revealed that the enzyme consists of two sugunits with a molecular mass of 54 kDa. The enzyme contained 1 mol of FMN per subunit as a cofactor. The A_272/A_457 ratio was 6.14 and the molar extinction coefficients were calculated to be 20, 800 and 25, 400M/sup -1/cm/sup -1/ AT 349 AND 457 nm, respectively. The N-terminal sequence of the enzyme contained the highly conserved fingerprint of ADP-binding domain. The enzyme used NADH as an electron donor and various quinones as electron acceptors. Cytochrome c was practically inactive. Air-stable flavin semiquinone was produced by the addition of NADH to the enzyme. Also, naphthosemiquinone was detected in the reaction mixture containing the enzyme.
Effect of initial pH and L-arginine on the composition of fatty acids of streptomyces viridochromogenes
Oh, Choong Hun , Jung, Sang Oun , Pyee, Jae Ho , Kim, Jae Heon
J. Microbiol. 1996;34(4):316-319.
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Mycelia of Streptomyces viridochromogenes grown under different pH were analysed for the fatty acid composition. The low relative proportion of 12-methyltetradecanoic acid and the high relative proportion of palmitic acid were characteristic for the young culture under slight acidic pH that caused delay of the aerial mycelium formation. The addition of L-arginine to the culture medium enabled an arginine auxotroph with bald phenotype to have the fatty acid composition similar to that of the wild type and to develop aerial mycelium. The ratio of 12-methyltetradecanoic acid to palmitic acid might be used as a parameter to explain the optimum growth in the respect of membrane fluidity.
Culture characteristics of streptomyces spp. on improved polyacrylamide gel and agar media
Han, Hong Ui , Baek, Ji Ho , Yang, Moon
J. Microbiol. 1996;34(4):384-386.
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Application of polyacrylamide gel (PAG) instead of agar to solid cultures of Streptomyces spp. was studied. The improved media were prepared by 1) gelling 20 ml of 5% acrylamide in a glass petri dish at room temperature, 2) washing by running water for more than 8 hr to remove residual reaction reagents, 3) drying at 50℃ for 12 hr to make a gel film, 4) autoclaving at 121℃ for 15 min, and 5) swelling gel for about 4 hr by adding sterile liquid medium. In PAG media there were no differences from the observation of morphological characteristics showing during the cellular differentiation on agar media, whereas the ability to utilize carbohydrates differed somewhat from agar media. Agar media thus were little favorable for biochemical tests which the growth was determined depending on the formation of colony, but washed PAG was superior to serve as a solidifying agent.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of a second set of the polyketide synthase β-ketoacyl synthase and chain length factor genes from the salinomycin-producing streptomyces albus
Hyun, Chang Gu , Park, Kwan Hyung , Hutchinson, C. Richard , Suh, Joo Won
J. Microbiol. 1997;35(1):40-46.
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The pWHM220 cosmid with a 24-kb insert cloned from Streptomyces albus ATCC 21838 induces the biosynthesis of a polyether antibiotic similar to salinomycin in Streptomyces invidans. We have analyzed this region by DNA sequencing as well as Southern blot hybridization with type I and type II polyketide synthase (PKS) probes. Surprisingly, we found another set of type II SKS genes only 10-kb from the original PKS genes, salABCDE. The DNA sequence revealed two complete open reading frames (ORFs) named salB2 and salC2, and one partial ORF that does not resemble any known DNA or deduced protein sequence. The salC2 should code for chain length determining factor while the deduced amino acid sequence encoded by salB2 exhibits high similarity to β-ketoacyl synthase from different PKS gene clusters. The highest identity was found for β-keetoacyl synthesis from S. argillaceus (MtmP. 59.1% identity), the mithramycin producer and from S. venezuelae ISP5230 (JadA, 52.3% identity), the jadomycin producer. The SalC2 protein clearly resembles its counterparts in order aromatic PKS gene clusters that are believed to influence the length of the polyketide chain. The highest identities observed were to that of S. argillaceus (MtmK, 62.3%) and S. venezuelae ISP 5230 (JadB, 55.1%) proteins, Moreover, the deduced amino acid sequences of the salB2 and salC2 products were 29.0% identical.

Journal of Microbiology : Journal of Microbiology
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