Journal of Microbiology

Review

Advancements in dengue vaccines: A historical overview and pro-spects for following next-generation candidates: Kai Yan, Lingjing Mao, Jiaming Lan, Zhongdang Xiao; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(2):e2410018. Published online February 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2410018

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Abstract PDF: Dengue, caused by four serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV-1 to DENV-4), is the most prevalent and widely mosquito-borne viral disease affecting humans. Dengue virus (DENV) infection has been reported in over 100 countries, and approximately half of the world's population is now at risk. The paucity of universally licensed DENV vaccines highlights the urgent need to address this public health concern. Action and attention to antibody-dependent enhancement increase the difficulty of vaccine development. With the worsening dengue fever epidemic, Dengvaxia^® (CYD-TDV) and Qdenga^® (TAK-003) have been approved for use in specific populations in affected areas. However, these vaccines do not provide a balanced immune response to all four DENV serotypes and the vaccination cannot cover all populations. There is still a need to develop a safe, broad-spectrum, and effective vaccine to address the increasing number of dengue cases worldwide. This review provides an overview of the existing DENV vaccines, as well as potential candidates for future studies on DENV vaccine development, and discusses the challenges and possible solutions in the field.

Research Article

Korean Red ginseng enhances ZBP1-mediated cell death to suppress viral protein expression in host defense against Influenza A virus: Jueun Oh, Hayeon Kim, Jihye Lee, Suhyun Kim, Seyun Shin, Young-Eui Kim, Sehee Park, SangJoon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(1):e.2409007. Published online January 24, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2409007

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Korean Red ginseng has emerged as a potent candidate in the fight against various viral infections, demonstrating significant efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, particularly against influenza A viruses. Despite substantial evidence of its antiviral properties, the detailed molecular mechanisms through which it reduces viral lethality remain insufficiently understood. Our investigations have highlighted the superior effectiveness of Korean Red ginseng against influenza viruses, outperforming its effects on numerous other viral strains. We aim to uncover the specific mechanisms by which Korean Red ginseng exerts its antiviral effects, focusing on influenza A viruses. Our prior studies have identified the role of Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), a signaling complex involved in inducing programmed cell death in response to influenza virus infection. Given the critical role of ZBP1 as a sensor for viral nucleic acid, we hypothesize that Korean Red ginseng may modulate the ZBP1-derived cell death pathway. This interaction is anticipated to enhance cell death while concurrently suppressing viral protein expression, offering novel insights into the antiviral mechanism of Korean Red ginseng against influenza A viruses.

Journal Article

Infection Dynamics of Dengue Virus in Caco-2 Cells Depending on Its Differentiation Status: Jayoung Nam, Jisu Lee, Geon A Kim, Seung-Min Yoo, Changhoon Park, Myung-Shin Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(9):799-809. Published online August 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00161-w

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Abstract: Dengue virus (DENV), from the Flaviviridae family, is the causative agent of dengue fever and poses a significant global health challenge. The virus primarily affects the vascular system and liver; however, a growing body of evidence suggests its involvement in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, contributing to clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. However, the mechanisms underlying DENV infection in the digestive system remain largely unexplored. Prior research has detected viral RNA in the GI tissue of infected animals; however, whether the dengue virus can directly infect human enterocytes remains unclear. In this study, we examine the infectivity of human intestinal cell lines to the dengue virus and their subsequent response. We report that the Caco-2 cell line, a model of human enterocytes, is susceptible to infection and capable of producing viruses. Notably, differentiated Caco-2 cells exhibited a lower infection rate yet a higher level of virus production than their undifferentiated counterparts. These findings suggest that human intestinal cells are a viable target for the dengue virus, potentially elucidating the GI symptoms observed in dengue fever and offering a new perspective on the pathogenetic mechanisms of the virus.

Review

Adenoviral Vector System: A Comprehensive Overview of Constructions, Therapeutic Applications and Host Responses: Anyeseu Park, Jeong Yoon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(7):491-509. Published online July 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00159-4

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Abstract

Adenoviral vectors are crucial for gene therapy and vaccine development, offering a platform for gene delivery into host cells. Since the discovery of adenoviruses, first-generation vectors with limited capacity have evolved to third-generation vectors flacking viral coding sequences, balancing safety and gene-carrying capacity. The applications of adenoviral vectors for gene therapy and anti-viral treatments have expanded through the use of in vitro ligation and homologous recombination, along with gene editing advancements such as CRISPR-Cas9. Current research aims to maintain the efficacy and safety of adenoviral vectors by addressing challenges such as pre-existing immunity against adenoviral vectors and developing new adenoviral vectors from rare adenovirus types and non-human species. In summary, adenoviral vectors have great potential in gene therapy and vaccine development. Through continuous research and technological advancements, these vectors are expected to lead to the development of safer and more effective treatments.

Citations

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Engineering an oncolytic adenoviral platform for precise delivery of antisense peptide nucleic acid to modulate PD-L1 overexpression in cancer cells
Andrea Patrizia Falanga, Francesca Greco, Monica Terracciano, Stefano D’Errico, Maria Marzano, Sara Feola, Valentina Sepe, Flavia Fontana, Ilaria Piccialli, Vincenzo Cerullo, Hélder A. Santos, Nicola Borbone
International Journal of Pharmaceutics.2025; 668: 124941. CrossRef
Enhancing precision in cancer treatment: the role of gene therapy and immune modulation in oncology
Emile Youssef, Brandon Fletcher, Dannelle Palmer
Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Protein-Based Degraders: From Chemical Biology Tools to Neo-Therapeutics
Lisha Ou, Mekedlawit T. Setegne, Jeandele Elliot, Fangfang Shen, Laura M. K. Dassama
Chemical Reviews.2025; 125(4): 2120. CrossRef
Intestinal mucus: the unsung hero in the battle against viral gastroenteritis
Waqar Saleem, Ateeqa Aslam, Mehlayl Tariq, Hans Nauwynck
Gut Pathogens.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Chromatin structure and gene transcription of recombinant p53 adenovirus vector within host
Duo Ning, Yuqing Deng, Simon Zhongyuan Tian
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Engineering of Virus Tropism
Bo He, Belinda Wilson, Shih-Heng Chen, Kedar Sharma, Erica Scappini, Molly Cook, Robert Petrovich, Negin P. Martin
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(20): 11094. CrossRef
Antisolvent 3D Printing of Gene-Activated Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration
Andrey Vyacheslavovich Vasilyev, Irina Alekseevna Nedorubova, Viktoria Olegovna Chernomyrdina, Anastasiia Yurevna Meglei, Viktoriia Pavlovna Basina, Anton Vladimirovich Mironov, Valeriya Sergeevna Kuznetsova, Victoria Alexandrovna Sinelnikova, Olga Anatol
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(24): 13300. CrossRef

Journal Articles

Identification of avaC from Human Gut Microbial Isolates that Converts 5AVA to 2-Piperidone: Qiudi Zhou, Lihui Feng; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):367-379. Published online June 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00141-0

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Abstract: 2-piperidone is a crucial industrial raw material of high-value nylon-5 and nylon-6,5. Currently, a major bottleneck in the biosynthesis of 2-piperidone is the identification of highly efficient 2-piperidone synthases. In this study, we aimed to identify specific strains among 51 human gut bacterial strains capable of producing 2-piperidone and to elucidate its synthetic mechanism. Our findings revealed that four gut bacterial strains, namely Collinsella aerofaciens LFYP39, Collinsella intestinalis LFYP54, Clostridium bolteae LFYP116, and Clostridium hathewayi LFYP18, could produce 2-piperidone from 5-aminovaleric acid (5AVA). Additionally, we observed that 2-piperidone could be synthesized from proline through cross-feeding between Clostridium difficile LFYP43 and one of the four 2-piperidone producing strains, respectively. To identify the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of 5AVA to 2-piperidone, we utilized a gain-of-function library and identified avaC (5-aminovaleric acid cyclase) in C. intestinalis LFYP54. Moreover, homologous genes of avaC were validated in the other three bacterial strains. Notably, avaC were found to be widely distributed among environmental bacteria. Overall, our research delineated the gut bacterial strains and genes involved in 2-piperidone production, holding promise for enhancing the efficiency of industrial biosynthesis of this compound.

In Silico Intensive Analysis for the E4 Gene Evolution of Human Adenovirus Species D: Chanhee Lee, Anyeseu Park, Jeong Yoon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):409-418. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00132-1

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Abstract: Adenovirus (Ad) is a ubiquitous pathogen capable of infecting a wide range of animals and humans. Human Adenovirus (HAdV) can cause severe infection, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems. To date, over 110 types of HAdV have been classified into seven species from A to G, with the majority belonging to the human adenovirus species D (HAdV-D). In the HAdV-D, the most significant factor for the creation of new adenovirus types is homologous recombination between viral genes involved in determining the virus tropism or evading immune system of host cells. The E4 gene, consisting of seven Open Reading Frames (ORFs), plays a role in both the regulation of host cell metabolism and the replication of viral genes. Despite long-term studies, the function of each ORF remains unclear. Based on our updated information, ORF2, ORF3, and ORF4 have been identified as regions with relatively high mutations compared to other ORFs in the E4 gene, through the use of in silico comparative analysis. Additionally, we managed to visualize high mutation sections, previously undetectable at the DNA level, through a powerful amino acid sequence analysis tool known as proteotyping. Our research has revealed the involvement of the E4 gene in the evolution of human adenovirus, and has established accurate sequence information of the E4 gene, laying the groundwork for further research.

Review

Genomic Evolution and Recombination Dynamics of Human Adenovirus D Species: Insights from Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis: Anyeseu Park, Chanhee Lee, Jeong Yoon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):393-407. Published online March 7, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00112-5

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Abstract

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) can infect various epithelial mucosal cells, ultimately causing different symptoms in infected organ systems. With more than 110 types classified into seven species (A-G), HAdV-D species possess the highest number of viruses and are the fastest proliferating. The emergence of new adenovirus types and increased diversity are driven by homologous recombination (HR) between viral genes, primarily in structural elements such as the penton base, hexon and fiber proteins, and the E1 and E3 regions. A comprehensive analysis of the HAdV genome provides valuable insights into the evolution of human adenoviruses and identifies genes that display high variation across the entire genome to determine recombination patterns. Hypervariable regions within genetic sequences correlate with functional characteristics, thus allowing for adaptation to new environments and hosts. Proteotyping of newly emerging and already established adenoviruses allows for prediction of the characteristics of novel viruses. HAdV-D species evolved in a direction that increased diversity through gene recombination. Bioinformatics analysis across the genome, particularly in highly variable regions, allows for the verification or re-evaluation of recombination patterns in both newly introduced and pre-existing viruses, ultimately aiding in tracing various biological traits such as virus tropism and pathogenesis. Our research does not only assist in predicting the emergence of new adenoviruses but also offers critical guidance in regard to identifying potential regulatory factors of homologous recombination hotspots.

Citations

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In Silico Intensive Analysis for the E4 Gene Evolution of Human Adenovirus Species D
Chanhee Lee, Anyeseu Park, Jeong Yoon Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(5): 409. CrossRef

Journal Articles

LAMMER Kinase Governs the Expression and Cellular Localization of Gas2, a Key Regulator of Flocculation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: Won-Hwa Kang , Yoon-Dong Park , Joo-Yeon Lim , Hee-Moon Park; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(1):21-31. Published online January 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00097-7

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Abstract: It was reported that LAMMER kinase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe plays an important role in cation-dependent and galactose-specific flocculation. Analogous to other flocculating yeasts, when cell wall extracts of the Δlkh1 strain were treated to the wild-type strain, it displayed flocculation. Gas2, a 1,3-β-glucanosyl transferase, was isolated from the EDTA-extracted cell-surface proteins in the Δlkh1 strain. While disruption of the gas2+ gene was not lethal and reduced the flocculation activity of the Δlkh1 strain, the expression of a secreted form of Gas2, in which the GPI anchor addition sequences had been removed, conferred the ability to flocculate upon the WT strain. The Gas2-mediated flocculation was strongly inhibited by galactose but not by glucose. Immunostaining analysis showed that the cell surface localization of Gas2 was crucial for the flocculation of fission yeast. In addition, we identified the regulation of mbx2+ expression by Lkh1 using RT-qPCR. Taken together, we found that Lkh1 induces asexual flocculation by regulating not only the localization of Gas2 but also the transcription of gas2+ through Mbx2.

Prevalence of Indigenous Antibiotic‑Resistant Salmonella Isolates and Their Application to Explore a Lytic Phage vB_SalS_KFSSM with an Intra‑Broad Specificity: Jaein Choe , Su-Hyeon Kim , Ji Min Han , Jong-Hoon Kim , Mi-Sun Kwak , Do-Won Jeong , Mi-Kyung Park; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(12):1063-1073. Published online January 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00098-6

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Abstract: The consumption of fresh produce has led to increase in antibiotic-resistant (AR) Salmonella outbreaks. In this study, indigenous Salmonella was isolated from a total of two hundred-two samples including fresh produce and agricultural environmental samples in Korea. After biochemical confirmation using the Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate tests, presumable Salmonella isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Identified Salmonella isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility against twenty-two antibiotics. The specificity and the efficiency of plating (EOP) of vB_SalS_KFSSM were evaluated against fifty-three bacterial strains. Twenty-five suspected Salmonella were isolated and confirmed by the positive
result
for methyl red and citrate, of which ten were identified as Salmonella spp. through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Eight Salmonella isolates (4.0%, n = 8/202) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, among which five were multi-drug resistant. As a lytic phage against Salmonella spp. CMGS-1, vB_SalS_KFSSM was isolated from cow manure. The phage was observed as a tailed phage belonging to the class Caudoviricetes. It exhibited an intra-broad specificity against four indigenous AR Salmonella isolates, two indigenous Salmonella isolates, and five other Salmonella serotypes with great efficiencies (EOP ≥ 0.75). Thus, this study suggested the potential of vB_SalS_KFSSM to combat indigenous AR Salmonella.

A Method for Physical Analysis of Recombination Intermediates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Kiwon Rhee , Hyungseok Choi , Keun P. Kim , Jeong H. Joo; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(11):939-951. Published online December 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00094-w

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Abstract: Meiosis is a process through which diploid cells divide into haploid cells, thus promoting genetic diversity. This diversity arises from the formation of genetic crossovers (COs) that repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), through homologous recombination (HR). Deficiencies in HR can lead to chromosomal abnormality resulting from chromosomal nondisjunction, and genetic disorders. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms underlying effective HR is crucial for reducing genome instability. Budding yeast serves as an ideal model for studying HR mechanisms due to its amenability to gene modifications and the ease of inducing synchronized meiosis to yield four spores. During meiosis, at the DNA level, programmed DSBs are repaired as COs or non-crossovers (NCOs) through structural alterations in the nascent D-loop, involving single-end invasions (SEIs) and double-Holliday junctions (dHJs). This repair occurs using homologous templates rather than sister templates. This protocol, using Southern blotting, allows for the analysis and monitoring of changes in DNA structures in the recombination process. One-dimensional (1D) gel electrophoresis is employed to detect DSBs, COs, and NCOs, while twodimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis is utilized to identify joint molecules (JMs). Therefore, physical analysis is considered the most effective method for investigating the HR mechanism. Our protocol provides more comprehensive information than previous reports by introducing conditions for obtaining a greater number of cells from synchronized yeast and a method that can analyze not only meiotic/mitotic recombination but also mitotic replication.

Dynamics of Microbial Community Structure, Function and Assembly Mechanism with Increasing Stand Age of Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) Plantations in Houtian Sandy Area, South China: Xiaoyang Zhang , Si-Yi Xiong , Xiukun Wu , Bei-Bei Zeng , Yang-Mei Mo , Zhi-Cheng Deng , Qi Wei , Yang Gao , Licao Cui , Jianping Liu , Haozhi Long; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(11):953-966. Published online November 29, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00089-7

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Abstract

Establishing slash pine plantations is the primary method for restoring sandification land in the Houtian area of South China. However, the microbial variation pattern with increasing stand age remains unclear. In this study, we investigated microbial community structure and function in bare sandy land and four stand age gradients, exploring ecological processes that determine their assembly. We did not observe a significant increase in the absolute abundance of bacteria or fungi with stand age. Bacterial communities were dominated by Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria; the relative abundance of Chloroflexi significantly declined while Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria significantly increased with stand age. Fungal communities showed succession at the genus level, with Pisolithus most abundant in soils of younger stands (1- and 6-year-old). Turnover of fungal communities was primarily driven by stochastic processes; both deterministic and stochastic processes influenced the assembly of bacterial communities, with the relative importance of stochastic processes gradually increasing with stand age. Bacterial and fungal communities showed the strongest correlation with the diameter at breast height, followed by soil available phosphorus and water content. Notably, there was a significant increase in the relative abundance of functional groups involved in nitrogen fixation and uptake as stand age increased. Overall, this study highlights the important effects of slash pine stand age on microbial communities in sandy lands and suggests attention to the nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of slash pine plantations in the later stages of sandy management.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Assembly processes and networks of soil microbial communities along karst forest succession
Wanxia Peng, Min Song, Hu Du, Shanghua Jiang, Fuping Zeng, Huijun Chen, Tongqing Song
CATENA.2025; 248: 108574. CrossRef
Temporal dynamics of soil microbial symbioses in the root zone of wolfberry: deciphering the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on bacterial and fungal ecological networks
Mengyuan He, Qianqian Wang, Yiming Wang, Junhua Zhang
Frontiers in Plant Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing the health of climate-sensitive trees in a subalpine ecosystem through microbial community dynamics
Bo Ram Kang, Soo Bin Kim, Jin-Kyung Hong, Seok Hyun Ahn, Jinwon Kim, Nayeon Lee, Tae Kwon Lee
Science of The Total Environment.2024; 957: 177724. CrossRef
The complex relationships between diatoms, bacterial communities, and dissolved organic matter: Effects of silicon concentration
Xiding Wang, Yang Liu, Yi Zhang, Peng Wu, Xudong Liu, Fangru Nan, Qi Liu, Junping Lv, Jia Feng, Shulian Xie
Algal Research.2024; 79: 103460. CrossRef
Assembly and co-occurrence pattern of microbial communities in bulk and rhizosphere soils of Pinus elliottii plantations on sandy lands in China
Haozhi Long, Si-Yi Xiong, Yang-Mei Mo, Bei-Bei Zeng, Bin-Xuan Shan, Ting Xiao, Yang Gao, Chaoyu Cui
Plant and Soil.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

NEDD4 Regulated Pyroptosis Occurred from Co‑infection between Influenza A Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae: Jiangzhou You , Linlin Zhou , Xudong San , Hailing Li , Mingyuan Li , Baoning Wang; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(8):777-789. Published online October 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00076-y

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Abstract

Co-infection of respiratory tract viruses and bacteria often result in excess mortality, especially pneumonia caused by influenza viruses and Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, the synergistic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a clearer understanding of the molecular basis of the interaction between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumonia. Here, we developed the BALB/c mouse model and the A549 cell model to investigate inflammation and pyroptotic cell death during co-infection. Co-infection significantly activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and induced pyroptotic cell death, correlated with excess mortality. The E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 interacted with both NLRP3 and GSDMD, the executor of pyroptosis. NEDD4 negatively regulated NLRP3 while positively regulating GSDMD, thereby modulating inflammation and pyroptotic cell death. Our findings suggest that NEDD4 may play a crucial role in regulating the GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis signaling pathway. Targeting NEDD4 represents a promising approach to mitigate excess mortality during influenza pandemics by suppressing synergistic inflammation during co-infection of influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Citations

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Yinqin Qingfei granules alleviate Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis
Zhe Song, Chengen Han, Guangzhi Luo, Guangyuan Jia, Xiao Wang, Baoqing Zhang
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Overexpression of DTX1 inhibits D-GalN/TNF-α-induced pyroptosis and inflammation in hepatocytes by regulating NLRP3 ubiquitination
Mingshui Liu, Jing Gu, Li Chen, Wei Sun, Xiaoping Huang, Jianhe Gan
Toxicology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
NLRP3 Inflammasomes: Dual Function in Infectious Diseases
Yanbo Li, Rui Qiang, Zhengmin Cao, Qingjuan Wu, Jiuchong Wang, Wenliang Lyu
The Journal of Immunology.2024; 213(4): 407. CrossRef

Fresh Washed Microbiota Transplantation Alters Gut Microbiota Metabolites to Ameliorate Sleeping Disorder Symptom of Autistic Children: Nai-Hua Liu , Hong-Qian Liu , Jia-Yi Zheng , Meng-Lu Zhu , Li-Hao Wu , Hua-Feng Pan , Xing-Xiang He; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(8):741-753. Published online September 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00069-x

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Abstract

Accumulating studies have raised concerns about gut dysbiosis associating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its related symptoms. However, the effect of gut microbiota modification on the Chinese ASD population and its underlying mechanism were still elusive. Herein, we enrolled 24 ASD children to perform the first course of fresh washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), 18 patients decided to participate the second course, 13 of which stayed to participate the third course, and there were 8 patients at the fourth course. Then we evaluated the effects of fresh WMT on these patients and their related symptoms. Our results found that the sleeping disorder symptom was positively interrelated to ASD, fresh WMT significantly alleviated ASD and its sleeping disorder and constipation symptoms. In addition, WMT stably and continuously downregulated Bacteroides/ Flavonifractor/Parasutterella while upregulated Prevotella_9 to decrease toxic metabolic production and improve detoxification by regulating glycolysis/myo-inositol/D-glucuronide/D-glucarate degradation, L-1,2-propanediol degradation, fatty acid β-oxidation. Thus, our results suggested that fresh WMT moderated gut microbiome to improve the behavioral and sleeping disorder symptoms of ASD via decrease toxic metabolic production and improve detoxification. Which thus provides a promising gut ecological strategy for ASD children and its related symptoms treatments.

Citations

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Untargeted urine metabolomics and machine learning provide potential metabolic signatures in children with autism spectrum disorder
Xian Liu, Xin Sun, Cheng Guo, Zhi-Fang Huang, Yi-Ru Chen, Fang-Mei Feng, Li-Jie Wu, Wen-Xiong Chen
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Washed Microbiota Transplantation Improves the Sleep Quality in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Qianqian Li, Yujie Liu, Zulun Zhang, Sheng Zhang, Xiao Ding, Faming Zhang
Nature and Science of Sleep.2024; Volume 16: 1141. CrossRef

Environmental Adaptation of Psychrophilic Bacteria Subtercola spp. Isolated from Various Cryospheric Habitats: Hanbyul Lee , Yong-Joon Cho , Ahnna Cho , Ok-Sun Kim; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(7):663-672. Published online August 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00068-y

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Abstract: Subtercola boreus K300T is a novel psychrophilic strain that was isolated from permanently cold groundwater in Finland and has also been found in several places in Antarctica including lake, soil, and rocks. We performed genomic and transcriptomic analyses of 5 strains from Antarctica and a type strain to understand their adaptation to different environments. Interestingly, the isolates from rocks showed a low growth rate and smaller genome size than strains from the other isolation sources (lake, soil, and groundwater). Based on these habitat-dependent characteristics, the strains could be classified into two ecotypes, which showed differences in energy production, signal transduction, and transcription in the clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COGs) functional category. In addition, expression pattern changes revealed differences in metabolic processes, including uric acid metabolism, DNA repair, major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters, and xylose degradation, depending on the nutritional status of their habitats. These findings provide crucial insights into the environmental adaptation of bacteria, highlighting genetic diversity and regulatory mechanisms that enable them to thrive in the cryosphere.

Identification and Characterization of HEPN‑MNT Type II TA System from Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH: Wonho Choi , Anoth Maharjan , Hae Gang Im , Ji-Young Park , Jong-Tae Park , Jung-Ho Park; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(4):411-421. Published online April 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00041-9

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Abstract

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in bacteria and archaea plasmids and genomes to regulate DNA replication, gene transcr!ption, or protein translation. Higher eukaryotic and prokaryotic nucleotide-binding (HEPN) and minimal nucleotidyltransferase (MNT) domains are prevalent in prokaryotic genomes and constitute TA pairs. However, three gene pairs (MTH304/305, 408/409, and 463/464) of Methanothermobacter thermautotropicus ΔH HEPN-MNT family have not been studied as TA systems. Among these candidates, our study characterizes the MTH463/MTH464 TA system. MTH463 expression inhibited Escherichia coli growth, whereas MTH464 did not and blocked MTH463 instead. Using site-directed MTH463 mutagenesis, we determined that amino acids R99G, H104A, and Y106A from the R[ɸX]4-6H motif are involved with MTH463 cell toxicity. Furthermore, we established that purified MTH463 could degrade MS2 phage RNA, whereas purified MTH464 neutralized MTH463 activity in vitro. Our results indicate that the endonuclease toxin MTH463 (encoding a HEPN domain) and its cognate antitoxin MTH464 (encoding the MNT domain) may act as a type II TA system in M. thermautotropicus ΔH. This study provides initial and essential information studying TA system functions, primarily archaea HEPN-MNT family.

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Extensive Genomic Rearrangement of Catalase-Less Cyanobloom-Forming Microcystis aeruginosa in Freshwater Ecosystems
Minkyung Kim, Jaejoon Jung, Wonjae Kim, Yerim Park, Che Ok Jeon, Woojun Park
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(11): 933. CrossRef

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