Antimicrobial Efficacy of Allium cepa and Zingiber officinale Against the Milk‑Borne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes

Abirami Arasu; Nagaram Prabha; Durga Devi; Praveen Kumar Issac; Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani; Dunia A. Al Farraj; Reem A. Aljeidi; Dina S. Hussein; Magesh Mohan; Jehad Zuhair Tayyeb; Ajay Guru; Jesu Arockiaraj

doi:10.1007/s12275-023-00086-w

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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Allium cepa and Zingiber officinale Against the Milk‑Borne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes: Abirami Arasu ¹, Nagaram Prabha ¹, Durga Devi ¹, Praveen Kumar Issac ², Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani ³, Dunia A. Al Farraj ³, Reem A. Aljeidi ³, Dina S. Hussein ⁴, Magesh Mohan ⁵, Jehad Zuhair Tayyeb ⁶, Ajay Guru ⁷, Jesu Arockiaraj ⁸; Journal of Microbiology 2023;61(11):993-1011.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00086-w
Published online: December 4, 2023

¹Department of Microbiology, SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India, ²Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India, ³Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, ⁴Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Health, Cleveland State University, Cleveland 44115, USA, ⁵Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India, ⁶Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, 23890 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, ⁷Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India, ⁸Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603203, India¹Department of Microbiology, SRM Arts and Science College, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 603203, India, ²Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India, ³Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O.2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, ⁴Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Health, Cleveland State University, Cleveland 44115, USA, ⁵Saveetha College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India, ⁶Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, 23890 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, ⁷Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India, ⁸Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603203, India

Corresponding author: Abirami Arasu ,
Jehad Zuhair Tayyeb ,
Ajay Guru ,
Jesu Arockiaraj ,

Received: 19 July 2023 • Revised: 13 September 2023 • Accepted: 20 September 2023

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Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen that causes listeriosis and has a high case fatality rate despite its low incidence. Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites have been identified as potential antibacterial substances, serving as replacements for synthetic chemical compounds. The present studies emphasize two significant medicinal plants, Allium cepa and Zingiber officinale, and their efficacy against L. monocytogenes. Firstly, a bacterial isolate was obtained from milk and identified through morphology and biochemical reactions. The species of the isolate were further confirmed through 16S rRNA analysis. Furthermore, polar solvents such as methanol and ethanol were used for the extraction of secondary metabolites from A. cepa and Z. officinale. Crude phytochemical components were identified using phytochemical tests, FTIR, and GC–MS. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the crude extract and its various concentrations were tested against L. monocytogenes. Among all, A. cepa in methanolic extracts showed significant inhibitory activity. Since, the A. cepa for methanolic crude extract was used to perform autography to assess its bactericidal activity. Subsequently, molecular docking was performed to determine the specific compound inhibition. The docking results revealed that four compounds displayed strong binding affinity with the virulence factor Listeriolysin-O of L. monocytogenes. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the medicinal plant A. cepa has potential antibacterial effects against L. monocytogenes, particularly targeting its virulence.

Keywords: Fusarium solani;antifungal susceptibility;biofilm;epifluorescence microscopy;extracellular matrix;scanning electron microscopy;ultraviolet light

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Antimicrobial Efficacy of Allium cepa and Zingiber officinale Against the Milk‑Borne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes

J. Microbiol. 2023;61(11):993-1011. Published online December 4, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00086-w

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