Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Biosynthesis of Chryseno[2,1,c]oxepin‑12‑Carboxylic Acid from Glycyrrhizic Acid in Aspergillus terreus TMZ05‑2, and Analysis of Its Anti‑inflammatory Activity: Liangliang Chen , Lin Zhao , Ju Han , Ping Xiao , Mingzhe Zhao , Sen Zhang , Jinao Duan; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(2):113-124. Published online February 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00105-4

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Glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, and their oxo, ester, lactone, and other derivatives, are known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and hypoglycemic pharmacological activities. In this study, chryseno[2,1-c]oxepin-12-carboxylic acid (MG) was first biosynthesized from glycyrrhizic acid through sequential hydrolysis, oxidation, and esterification using Aspergillus terreus TMZ05-2, providing a novel in vitro biosynthetic pathway for glycyrrhizic acid derivatives. Assessing the influence of fermentation conditions and variation of strains during culture under stress-induction strategies enhanced the final molar yield to 88.3% (5 g/L glycyrrhizic acid). CCK8 assays showed no cytotoxicity and good cell proliferation, and anti-inflammatory experiments demonstrated strong inhibition of NO release (36.3%, low-dose MG vs. model), transcriptional downregulation of classical effective cellular factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; 72.2%, low-dose MG vs. model), interleukin-6 (IL-6; 58.3%, low-dose MG vs. model) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β; 76.4%, low-dose MG vs. model), and decreased abundance of P-IKK-α, P-IKB-α, and P-P65 proteins, thereby alleviating inflammatory responses through the NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The findings provide a reference for the biosynthesis of lactone compounds from medicinal plants.

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Effect of different crosslinking agents on carboxymethyl chitosan-glycyrrhizic acid hydrogel: Characterization and biological activities comparison
Yinbing Wu, Zimin Gu, Tingting Chen, Duntao Zu, Yuhui Gan, Honglin Chen, Jianni Yang, Xin Yu, Huaihong Cai, Pinghua Sun, Jianying Ning, Haibo Zhou, Junxia Zheng
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2025; 298: 139977. CrossRef
New oxepin and dihydrobenzofuran derivatives from Bauhinia saccocalyx roots and their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities
Lueacha Tabtimmai, Thanyathon Phonchan, Natrinee Thongprik, Sutin Kaennakam, Nuttapon Yodsin, Kiattawee Choowongkomon, Chanikan Sonklin, Supachai Jadsadajerm, Awat Wisetsai
Journal of Natural Medicines.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficient directional biosynthesis of isoquercitrin from quercetin by Bacillus subtilis CD-2 and its anti-inflammatory activity
Ju Han, Jingru Ma, Ruiqi He, Fan Yang, Jingyi Meng, Jiaqi Liu, Fanxing Shi, Jinao Duan, Liangliang Chen, Sen Zhang
Natural Product Research.2024; : 1. CrossRef

Those Nematode‑Trapping Fungi That are not Everywhere: Hints Towards Soil Microbial Biogeography: Wei Deng , Fa Zhang , Davide Fornacca , Xiao-Yan Yang , Wen Xiao; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(5):511-523. Published online April 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00043-7

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Abstract

The existence of biogeography for microorganisms is a raising topic in ecology and researchers are employing better distinctions between single species, including the most rare ones, to reveal potential hidden patterns. An important volume of evidence supporting heterogeneous distributions for bacteria, archaea and protists is accumulating, and more recently a few efforts have targeted microscopic fungi. We propose an insight into this latter kingdom by looking at a group of soil nematode-trapping fungi whose species are well-known and easily recognizable. We chose a pure culture approach because of its reliable isolation procedures for this specific group. After morphologically and molecularly identifying all species collected from 2250 samples distributed in 228 locations across Yunnan province of China, we analyzed occurrence frequencies and mapped species, genera, and richness. Results showed an apparent cosmopolitan tendency for this group of fungi, including species richness among sites. However, only four species were widespread across the region, while nonrandom heterogeneous distributions were observed for the remaining 40 species, both in terms of statistical distribution of species richness reflected by a significant variance-to-mean ratio, as well as in terms of visually discernible spatial clusters of rare species and genera on the map. Moreover, several species were restricted to only one location, raising the question of whether endemicity exists for this microbial group. Finally, environmental heterogeneity showed a marginal contribution in explaining restricted distributions, suggesting that other factors such as geographical isolation and dispersal capabilities should be explored. These findings contribute to our understanding of the cryptic geographic distribution of microorganisms and encourage further research in this direction.

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Linking watershed formation with the phylogenetic distribution of a soil microscopic fungus in Yunnan Province, China
Davide Fornacca, Wei Deng, Yaoquan Yang, Fa Zhang, Xiaoyan Yang, Wen Xiao
BMC Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Nuclear Dynamics in Nematode-Trapping Fungi Based on Fluorescent Protein Labeling
Liang Zhou, Zhiwei He, Keqin Zhang, Xin Wang
Journal of Fungi.2023; 9(12): 1183. CrossRef

Microbial co-occurrence network in the rhizosphere microbiome: its association with physicochemical properties and soybean yield at a regional scale: Sarbjeet Niraula , Meaghan Rose , Woo-Suk Chang; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(10):986-997. Published online September 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-2363-x

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Abstract

Microbial communities in the rhizosphere play a crucial role in determining plant growth and crop yield. A few studies have been performed to evaluate the diversity and co-occurrence patterns of rhizosphere microbiomes in soybean (Glycine max) at a regional scale. Here, we used a culture-independent
method
to compare the bacterial communities of the soybean rhizosphere between Nebraska (NE), a high-yield state, and Oklahoma (OK), a low-yield state. It is well known that the rhizosphere microbiome is a subset of microbes that ultimately get colonized by microbial communities from the surrounding bulk soil. Therefore, we hypothesized that differences in the soybean yield are attributed to the variations in the rhizosphere microbes at taxonomic, functional, and community levels. In addition, soil physicochemical properties were also evaluated from each sampling site for comparative study. Our result showed that distinct clusters were formed between NE and OK in terms of their soil physicochemical property. Among 3 primary nutrients (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), potassium is more positively correlated with the high-yield state NE samples. We also attempted to identify keystone communities that significantly affected the soybean yield using co-occurrence network patterns. Network analysis revealed that communities formed distinct clusters in which members of modules having significantly positive correlations with the soybean yield were more abundant in NE than OK. In addition, we identified the most influential bacteria for the soybean yield in the identified modules. For instance, included are class Anaerolineae, family Micromonosporaceae, genus Plantomyces, and genus Nitrospira in the most complex module (ME9) and genus Rhizobium in ME23. This research would help to further identify a way to increase soybean yield in low-yield states in the U.S. as well as worldwide by reconstructing the microbial communities in the rhizosphere.

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The rhizosphere microbiome of 51 potato cultivars with diverse plant growth characteristics
Benoit Renaud Martins, Viviane Radl, Krzysztof Treder, Dorota Michałowska, Karin Pritsch, Michael Schloter
FEMS Microbiology Ecology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Response of Soil Microorganisms and Phenolic to Pseudostelariae heterophylla Cultivation in Different Soil Types
Yingying Liu, Dan Wu, Yongjun Kan, Li Zhao, Chang Jiang, Wensheng Pang, Juan Hu, Meilan Zhou
Eurasian Soil Science.2024; 57(3): 446. CrossRef
Analysis of the rhizosphere bacterial diversity of Angelica dahurica var. formosana from different experimental sites and varieties (strains)
Meiyan Jiang, Fei Yao, Yunshu Yang, Yang Zhou, Kai Hou, Yinyin Chen, Dongju Feng, Wei Wu
PeerJ.2023; 11: e15997. CrossRef
Long-term fertilization coupled with rhizobium inoculation promotes soybean yield and alters soil bacterial community composition
Wanling Wei, Dawei Guan, Mingchao Ma, Xin Jiang, Fenliang Fan, Fangang Meng, Li Li, Baisuo Zhao, Yubin Zhao, Fengming Cao, Huijun Chen, Jun Li
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Effect of biostimulation and bioaugmentation on hydrocarbon degradation and detoxification of diesel-contaminated soil: a microcosm study: Patricia Giovanella , Lídia de Azevedo Duarte , Daniela Mayumi Kita , Valéria Maia de Oliveira , Lara Durães Sette; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(7):634-643. Published online May 15, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0395-2

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Abstract

Soil contamination with diesel oil is quite common during processes of transport and storage. Bioremediation is considered a safe, economical, and environmentally friendly approach for contaminated soil treatment. In this context, studies using hydrocarbon bioremediation have focused on total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis to assess process effectiveness, while ecotoxicity has been neglected. Thus, this study aimed to select a microbial consortium capable of detoxifying diesel oil and apply this consortium to the bioremediation of soil contaminated with this environmental pollutant through different bioremediation approaches. Gas chromatography (GC-FID) was used to analyze diesel oil degradation, while ecotoxicological bioassays with the bioindicators Artemia sp., Aliivibrio fischeri (Microtox), and Cucumis sativus were used to assess detoxification. After 90 days of bioremediation, we found that the biostimulation and biostimulation/ bioaugmentation approaches showed higher rates of diesel oil degradation in relation to natural attenuation (41.9 and 26.7%, respectively). Phytotoxicity increased in the biostimulation and biostimulation/bioaugmentation treatments during the degradation process, whereas in the Microtox test, the toxicity was the same in these treatments as that in the natural attenuation treatment. In both the phytotoxicity and Microtox tests, bioaugmentation treatment showed lower toxicity. However, compared with natural attenuation, this approach did not show satisfactory hydrocarbon degradation. Based on the microcosm experiments results, we conclude that a broader analysis of the success of bioremediation requires the performance of toxicity bioassays.

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Heavy fuel oil-contaminated soil remediation by individual and bioaugmentation-assisted phytoremediation with Medicago sativa and with cold plasma-treated M. sativa
Jūratė Žaltauskaitė, Rimas Meištininkas, Austra Dikšaitytė, Laima Degutytė-Fomins, Vida Mildažienė, Zita Naučienė, Rasa Žūkienė, Kazunori Koga
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2024; 31(20): 30026. CrossRef
Soil Corrosivity Under Natural Attenuation
Larissa O. da Silva, Sara H. de Oliveira, Rafael G. C. da Silva, Magda R. S. Vieira, Ivanilda R. de Melo, Severino L. Urtiga Filho
Materials Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Updating risk remediation-endpoints for petroleum-contaminated soils? A case study in the Ecuadorian Amazon region
Daniel Hidalgo-Lasso, Karina García-Villacís, Jeaneth Urvina Ulloa, Darwin Marín Tapia, Patricio Gómez Ortega, Frederic Coulon
Heliyon.2024; 10(9): e30395. CrossRef
Recent advances in the development and applications of luminescent bacteria–based biosensors
Yingying Li, Yuankun Zhao, Yiyang Du, Xuechun Ren, He Ding, Zhimin Wang
Luminescence.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Oil biodegradation studies with an immobilized bacterial consortium in plant biomass for the construction of bench-scale bioreactor
Rachel M. Ferreira, Bernardo D. Ribeiro, Danielle.M.A. Stapelfeldt, Rodrigo P. do Nascimento, Maria de.F.R. Moreira
Cleaner Chemical Engineering.2023; 6: 100107. CrossRef
Application of Luminescent Bacteria Bioassay in the Detection of Pollutants in Soil
Kai Zhang, Meng Liu, Xinlong Song, Dongyu Wang
Sustainability.2023; 15(9): 7351. CrossRef
Salicylate or Phthalate: The Main Intermediates in the Bacterial Degradation of Naphthalene
Vasili M. Travkin, Inna P. Solyanikova
Processes.2021; 9(11): 1862. CrossRef

Reviews

REVIEW] Plasma membrane organization promotes virulence of the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans: Lois M. Douglas , James B. Konopka; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(3):178-191. Published online February 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5621-y

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Abstract

Candida albicans is a human fungal pathogen capable of causing lethal systemic infections. The plasma membrane plays key roles in virulence because it not only functions as a protective barrier, it also mediates dynamic functions including secretion of virulence factors, cell wall synthesis, invasive hyphal morphogenesis, endocytosis, and nutrient uptake. Consistent with this functional complexity, the plasma membrane is composed of a wide array of lipids and proteins. These components are organized into distinct domains that will be the topic of this review. Some of the plasma membrane domains that will be described are known to act as scaffolds or barriers to diffusion, such as MCC/eisosomes, septins, and sites of contact with the endoplasmic reticulum. Other zones mediate dynamic processes, including secretion, endocytosis, and a special region at hyphal tips that facilitates rapid growth. The highly organized architecture of the plasma membrane facilitates the coordination of diverse functions and promotes the pathogenesis of C. albicans.

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Zingerone effect against Candida albicans growth and biofilm production.
Sayali Chougule, Sargun Basrani, Tanjila Gavandi, Shivani Patil, Shivanand Yankanchi, Ashwini Jadhav, Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil
Journal of Medical Mycology.2024; : 101527. CrossRef
Regulation of yeast polarized exocytosis by phosphoinositide lipids
Matthew W. Volpiana, Aleksa Nenadic, Christopher T. Beh
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Sur7 mediates a novel pathway for PI4,5P2 regulation in C. albicans that promotes stress resistance and cell wall morphogenesis
Carla E. Lanze, James B. Konopka, Amy Susanne Gladfelter
Molecular Biology of the Cell.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Anti-Candida activity of flavonoids - an overview
Savu Mihaela, Marius Stefan
Journal of Experimental and Molecular Biology.2024; 25(1): 67. CrossRef
Emerging Roles of Exocyst Complex in Fungi: A Review
Qussai Zuriegat, Yakubu Saddeeq Abubakar, Zonghua Wang, Meilian Chen, Jun Zhang
Journal of Fungi.2024; 10(9): 614. CrossRef
Candida albicans pathways that protect against organic peroxides and lipid peroxidation
Kara A. Swenson, Kyunghun Min, James B. Konopka, Aaron P. Mitchell
PLOS Genetics.2024; 20(10): e1011455. CrossRef
A Comparative Review of Eugenol and Citral Anticandidal Mechanisms: Partners in Crimes Against Fungi
Zinnat Shahina, Tanya E. S. Dahms
Molecules.2024; 29(23): 5536. CrossRef
Hinokitiol inhibits Aspergillus fumigatus by interfering with the cell membrane and cell wall
Fanyue Meng, Xing Liu, Cui Li, Xudong Peng, Qian Wang, Qiang Xu, Jialin Sui, Guiqiu Zhao, Jing Lin
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Candida albicans resistance to hypochlorous acid
Lois M. Douglas, Kyunghun Min, James B. Konopka, J. Andrew Alspaugh
mBio.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Inhibition of cell cycle-dependent hyphal and biofilm formation by a novel cytochalasin 19,20‑epoxycytochalasin Q in Candida albicans
Kwanrutai Watchaputi, L. A. Channa Bhathiya Jayasekara, Khanok Ratanakhanokchai, Nitnipa Soontorngun
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Unique roles of aminophospholipid translocase Drs2p in governing efflux pump activity, ergosterol level, virulence traits, and host–pathogen interaction in Candida albicans
Shweta Singh, Sandeep Hans, Aijaz Ahmad, Zeeshan Fatima, Saif Hameed
International Microbiology.2022; 25(4): 769. CrossRef
Rosemary essential oil and its components 1,8-cineole and α-pinene induce ROS-dependent lethality and ROS-independent virulence inhibition in Candida albicans
Zinnat Shahina, Raymond Al Homsi, Jared D. W. Price, Malcolm Whiteway, Taranum Sultana, Tanya E. S. Dahms, Roy Aziz Khalaf
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(11): e0277097. CrossRef
Cinnamon Leaf and Clove Essential Oils Are Potent Inhibitors of Candida albicans Virulence Traits
Zinnat Shahina, Ali Molaeitabari, Taranum Sultana, Tanya Elizabeth Susan Dahms
Microorganisms.2022; 10(10): 1989. CrossRef
Candida albicans Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Dependent Lethality and ROS-Independent Hyphal and Biofilm Inhibition by Eugenol and Citral
Zinnat Shahina, Easter Ndlovu, Omkaar Persaud, Taranum Sultana, Tanya E. S. Dahms, Damian J. Krysan
Microbiology Spectrum.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of Ascorbic Acid Towards Lanosterol 14-α-Demethylase Enzyme of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans
Arumugam Ganeshkumar, Suvaiyarasan Suvaithenamudhan, Rajendran Rajaram
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The Antibacterial Synthetic Flavonoid BrCl-Flav Exhibits Important Anti-Candida Activity by Damaging Cell Membrane Integrity
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The Sur7 cytoplasmic C terminus regulates morphogenesis and stress responses in Candida albicans
Carla E. Lanze, Sai Zhou, James B. Konopka
Molecular Microbiology.2021; 116(4): 1201. CrossRef
Differential Roles of a Family of Flavodoxin-Like Proteins That Promote Resistance to Quinone-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Candida albicans
Jenna E. Foderaro, James B. Konopka, Mairi C. Noverr
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derived 5,6,8-trihydroxy-7,4′ dimethoxy flavone inhibits ergosterol synthesis and the production of hyphae and biofilm in
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Plasma Membrane MCC/Eisosome Domains Promote Stress Resistance in Fungi
Carla E. Lanze, Rafael M. Gandra, Jenna E. Foderaro, Kara A. Swenson, Lois M. Douglas, James B. Konopka
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André F. Gabriel, Marina C. Costa, Francisco J. Enguita, Ana Lúcia Leitão
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Plasma membrane architecture protects Candida albicans from killing by copper
Lois M. Douglas, James B. Konopka, Valeria C. Culotta
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Boric Acid and Commercial Organoboron Products as Inhibitors of Drug-Resistant Candida albicans
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Selective BET bromodomain inhibition as an antifungal therapeutic strategy
Flore Mietton, Elena Ferri, Morgane Champleboux, Ninon Zala, Danièle Maubon, Yingsheng Zhou, Mike Harbut, Didier Spittler, Cécile Garnaud, Marie Courçon, Murielle Chauvel, Christophe d’Enfert, Boris A. Kashemirov, Mitchell Hull, Muriel Cornet, Charles E.
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MCC/Eisosomes Regulate Cell Wall Synthesis and Stress Responses in Fungi
Jenna Foderaro, Lois Douglas, James Konopka
Journal of Fungi.2017; 3(4): 61. CrossRef
Human fungal pathogens: Why should we learn?
Jeong-Yoon Kim
Journal of Microbiology.2016; 54(3): 145. CrossRef
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D.G. Sant, S.G. Tupe, C.V. Ramana, M.V. Deshpande
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REVIEW] Hgc1-Cdc28–how much does a single protein kinase do in the regulation of hyphal development in Candida albicans?: Yue Wang; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(3):170-177. Published online February 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-5550-9

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Abstract

The fungal human pathogen Candida albicans can cause invasive infection with high mortality rates. A key virulence factor is its ability to switch between three morphologies: yeast, pseudohyphae and hyphae. In contrast to the ovalshaped unicellular yeast cells, hyphae are highly elongated, tube-like, and multicellular. A long-standing question is what coordinates all the cellular machines to construct cells with distinct shapes. Hyphal-specific genes (HSGs) are thought to hold the answer. Among the numerous HSGs found, only UME6 and HGC1 are required for hyphal development. UME6 encodes a transcription factor that regulates many HSGs including HGC1. HGC1 encodes a G1 cyclin which partners with the Cdc28 cyclin-dependent kinase. Hgc1- Cdc28 simultaneously phosphorylates and regulates multiple substrates, thus controlling multiple cellular apparatuses for morphogenesis. This review is focused on major progresses made in the past decade on Hgc1’s roles and regulation in C. albicans hyphal development and other traits important for infection.

Citations

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Systematic analysis of the Candida albicans kinome reveals environmentally contingent protein kinase-mediated regulation of filamentation and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo
Juraj Kramara, Min-Ju Kim, Tomye L. Ollinger, Laura C. Ristow, Rohan S. Wakade, Robert Zarnowski, Melanie Wellington, David R. Andes, Aaron G. Mitchell, Damian J. Krysan, Judith Berman
mBio.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Hgc1 Independence of Biofilm Hyphae in Candida albicans
Anupam Sharma, Norma V. Solis, Manning Y. Huang, Frederick Lanni, Scott G. Filler, Aaron P. Mitchell, Yong-Sun Bahn
mBio.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Strain variation in gene expression impact of hyphal cyclin Hgc1 in Candida albicans
Anupam Sharma, Aaron P Mitchell, J Berman
G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Use of the Iron-Responsive RBT5 Promoter for Regulated Expression in Candida albicans
Yinhe Mao, Norma V. Solis, Anupam Sharma, Max V. Cravener, Scott G. Filler, Aaron P. Mitchell, Michael Lorenz
mSphere.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Systematic Metabolic Profiling Identifies De Novo Sphingolipid Synthesis as Hypha Associated and Essential for Candida albicans Filamentation
Enrico Garbe, Franziska Gerwien, Dominik Driesch, Tina Müller, Bettina Böttcher, Markus Gräler, Slavena Vylkova, Manuel Liebeke
mSystems.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Antimicrobial Peptide AMP-17 Derived from Musca domestica Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Eradicates Mature Biofilm in Candida albicans
Chaoqin Sun, Xinyu Zhao, Zhenglong Jiao, Jian Peng, Luoxiong Zhou, Longbing Yang, Mingjiao Huang, Chunren Tian, Guo Guo
Antibiotics.2022; 11(11): 1474. CrossRef
Integrative multi-omics profiling reveals cAMP-independent mechanisms regulating hyphal morphogenesis in Candida albicans
Kyunghun Min, Thomas F. Jannace, Haoyu Si, Krishna R. Veeramah, John D. Haley, James B. Konopka, Joachim Morschhäuser
PLOS Pathogens.2021; 17(8): e1009861. CrossRef
The Ndr/LATS Kinase Cbk1 Regulates a Specific Subset of Ace2 Functions and Suppresses the Hypha-to-Yeast Transition in Candida albicans
Rohan S. Wakade, Laura C. Ristow, Mark A. Stamnes, Anuj Kumar, Damian J. Krysan, James W. Kronstad
mBio.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Phosphatidate phosphatase Pah1 has a role in the hyphal growth and virulence of Candida albicans
Chunhua Mu, Chaoying Pan, Qi Han, Qizheng Liu, Yue Wang, Jianli Sang
Fungal Genetics and Biology.2019; 124: 47. CrossRef
Chemogenomic profiling to understand the antifungal action of a bioactive aurone compound
Fatmah M. Alqahtani, Brock A. Arivett, Zachary E. Taylor, Scott T. Handy, Anthony L. Farone, Mary B. Farone, Shankar Thangamani
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(12): e0226068. CrossRef
N-Acetylglucosamine Regulates Morphogenesis and Virulence Pathways in Fungi
Kyunghun Min, Shamoon Naseem, James B. Konopka
Journal of Fungi.2019; 6(1): 8. CrossRef
Fungal microsclerotia development: essential prerequisites, influencing factors, and molecular mechanism
Zhangyong Song
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2018; 102(23): 9873. CrossRef
A comprehensive analysis of Candida albicans phosphoproteome reveals dynamic changes in phosphoprotein abundance during hyphal morphogenesis
Priyanka Ghorai, Mohammad Irfan, Alka Narula, Asis Datta
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2018; 102(22): 9731. CrossRef
A phenotypic small-molecule screen identifies halogenated salicylanilides as inhibitors of fungal morphogenesis, biofilm formation and host cell invasion
Carlos Garcia, Anaïs Burgain, Julien Chaillot, Émilie Pic, Inès Khemiri, Adnane Sellam
Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Candida albicans morphology: still in focus
Ilse D. Jacobsen, Bernhard Hube
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2017; 15(4): 327. CrossRef
Human fungal pathogens: Why should we learn?
Jeong-Yoon Kim
Journal of Microbiology.2016; 54(3): 145. CrossRef
CDK phosphorylates the polarisome scaffold Spa2 to maintain its localization at the site of cell growth
Haitao Wang, Zhen‐Xing Huang, Jie Ying Au Yong, Hao Zou, Guisheng Zeng, Jiaxin Gao, Yanming Wang, Ada Hang‐Heng Wong, Yue Wang
Molecular Microbiology.2016; 101(2): 250. CrossRef

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'ts

Multiple roles of a putative vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 74, FgVPS74, in the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum: Hee-Kyoung Kim , Ki Woo Kim , Sung-Hwan Yun; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(4):243-249. Published online April 8, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-5067-7

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Abstract

Fusarium graminearum, a member of the F. graminearum species complex, is a filamentous ascomycetous group that causes serious diseases in cereal crops. A screen of insertional mutants of F. graminearum, generated using a restriction enzyme-mediated integration method, identified a mutant designated R7048 showing pleiotropic phenotypes in several mycological traits. The vector insertion site in the R7048 genome was identified as the KpnI site within an ORF annotated as FGSG_06346 (designated FgVPS74), which showed similarity to vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 74 in the baker yeast. Both targeted gene deletion and complementation analyses confirmed that FgVPS74 was involved in hyphal growth, conidiation, sexual development, mycotoxin production, and virulence towards host plants in F. graminearum. Electron microscopy analysis revealed no significant changes in morphology of the vacuole or other organelles, but a greater number of mitochondria were produced in the ΔFgVPS74 strain compared to the wild-type progenitor. Expression of a GFP-tagged FgVPS74 construct under its native promoter in the ΔFgVPS74 strain exhibited localization of GFP signal to putative vesicle structures, but not to the vacuolar membrane. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that a functional vacuolar protein-sorting pathway mediated by FgVPS74 is crucial for fungal growth and development in F. graminearum.

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Deletion analysis of LSm, FDF, and YjeF domains of Candida albicans Edc3 in hyphal growth and oxidative-stress response: Eung-Chul Kim , Jinmi Kim; J. Microbiol. 2015;53(2):111-115. Published online January 28, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-015-4727-y

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Abstract

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen whose responses to environmental changes are associated with the virulence attributes. Edc3 is known to be an enhancer of the mRNA decapping reactions and a scaffold protein of cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies). Recent studies of C. albicans Edc3 suggested its critical roles in filamentous growth and stress-induced apoptotic cell death. The edc3/edc3 deletion mutant strain showed increased cell survival and less ROS accumulation upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide. To investigate the diverse involvement of Edc3 in the cellular processes, deletion mutations of LSm, FDF, or YjeF domain of Edc3 were constructed. The edc3-LSmΔ or edc3-YjeFΔ mutation showed the filamentation defect, resistance to oxidative stress, and decreased ROS accumulation. In contrast, the edc3-FDFΔ mutation exhibited a wild-type level of filamentous growth and a mild defect in ROS accumulation. These results suggest that Lsm and YjeF domains of Edc3 are critical in hyphal growth and oxidative stress response.

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Abstract: We previously showed that the expression of ENO1 (enolase) in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans is critical for cell growth. In this study, we investigate the contribution of the ENO1 gene to virulence. We conducted our functional study of ENO1 in C. albicans by constructing an eno1/eno1 null mutant strain in which both ENO1 alleles in the genome were knockouted with the SAT1 flipper cassette that contains the nourseothricin-resistance marker. Although the null mutant failed to grow on synthetic media containing glucose, it was capable of growth on media containing yeast extract, peptone, and non-fermentable carbon sources. The null mutant was more susceptible to certain antifungal drugs. It also exhibited defective hyphal formation, and was avirulent in BALB/c mice.

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Abstract: In fungi, cell wall plays an important role in growth and development. Major macromolecular constituents of the aspergilli cell wall are glucan, chitin, and protein. We examined the chemical composition and structure of the Aspergillus nidulans hyphal wall surface by an atomic force microscope (AFM). To determine the composition of the cell wall surface, the adhesion forces of commercially available β-glucan, chitin, and various proteins were compared to those of corresponding fractions prepared from the hyphal wall. In both setups, the adhesion forces of β-glucan, chitin, and protein were 25-50, 1000-3000, and 125-300 nN, respectively. Adhesion force analysis demonstrated that the cell surface of the apical tip region might contain primarily chitin and β-glucan and relatively a little protein. This analysis also showed the chemical composition of the hyphal surface of the mid-region would be different from that of the apical region. Morphological images obtained by the tapping mode of AFM revealed that the hyphal tip surface has moderate roughness.

Role of CaBud6p in the Polarized Growth of Candida albicans: Yunkyoung Song , Jeong-Yoon Kim; J. Microbiol. 2006;44(3):311-319.; DOI: https://doi.org/2381 [pii]

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Abstract: Bud6p is a component of a polarisome that controls cell polarity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we investigated the role of the Candida albicans Bud6 protein (CaBud6p) in cell polarity and hyphal development. CaBud6p, which consists of 703 amino acids, had 37% amino-acid sequence identity with the Bud6 protein of S. cerevisiae. The homozygous knock-out of CaBUD6 resulted in several abnormal phenotypes, such as a round and enlarged cells, widened bud necks, and a random budding pattern. In hypha-inducing media, the mutant cells had markedly swollen tips and a reduced ability to switch from yeast to hypha. In addition, a yeast two-hybrid analysis showed a physical interaction between CaBud6p and CaAct1p, which suggests that CaBud6p may be involved in actin cable organization, like Bud6p in S. cerevisiae. Taken together, these results indicate that CaBud6 plays an important role in the polarized growth of C. albicans.

Isolation and Characterization of Bud6p, an Actin Interacting Protein, from Yarrowia lipolytica: Yunkyoung Song , Seon Ah Cheon , So-Yeon Lee , Ji-Sook Hwang , Jeong-Yoon Kim; J. Microbiol. 2003;41(2):121-128.

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Abstract: The identification of genes involved in true hypha formation is important in the study of mechanisms underlying the morphogenetic switch in yeast. We isolated a gene responsible for the morphogenetic switch in Yarrowia lipolytica, which forms true hyphae in response to serum or N-acetylglucosamine. The isolated gene, encoding 847 amino acids, had sequence identities of 27% and 25% with the Bud6 (Aip3) proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, respectively. Disruption of this gene, designated YlBUD6, in haploid and diploid strains significantly reduced the ability of Y. lipolytica to switch from the yeast form to the hyphal form in hypha-inducing media. It was also found that YlBud6 mutants were rounder than the wild type when grown in the yeast form. These results indicate that the YlBud6 protein is necessary for hyphal growth and cell polarity in both haploid and diploid Y. lipolytica cells.

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