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- NF-κB/ROS and ERK pathways regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Listeria monocytogenes infected BV2 microglia cells
- Lin Yuan , Yurong Zhu , Shuang Huang , Lin Lin , Xugan Jiang , Shengxia Chen
- J. Microbiol. 2021;59(8):771-781. Published online June 1, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0692-9
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- 13 Citations
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Abstract
- Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen responsible for neurolisteriosis, which is potentially lethal in immunocompromised individuals. Microglia are the main target cells for L. monocytogenes in central nervous system (CNS). However, the precise mechanisms by which they trigger neuroinflammatory processes remain unknown. The BV2 microglial cell line and a murine model of L. monocytogenes infection were used for experiments in this study. Listeria monocytogenes induced pyroptosis and nucleotide binding and oligomerization, leucine-rich repeat, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in BV2. Pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome attenuated L. monocytogenes- induced pyroptosis. Moreover, inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) pathways induced a decrease in caspase1 activation and mature IL-1β-17 secretion. Our collective findings support critical involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in L. monocytogenes-induced neuroinflammation and, to an extent, ROS production. In addition, ERK and NF-κB signaling play an important role in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, both in vitro and in vivo.
Review
- Recent advances in the development of β-lactamase inhibitors
- Shivakumar S. Jalde , Hyun Kyung Choi
- J. Microbiol. 2020;58(8):633-647. Published online July 27, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0285-z
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- 20 Citations
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Abstract
- β-Lactam antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed antibiotics worldwide; however, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global challenge. The β-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is due to the production of β-lactamases, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases, metallo-β-lactamases, and carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases. To restore the efficacy of BLAs, the most successful strategy is to use them in combination with β-lactamase inhibitors (BLI). Here we review the medically relevant β-lactamase families and penicillins, diazabicyclooctanes, boronic acids, and novel chemical scaffold-based BLIs, in particular approved and under clinical development.
- Construction of probability identification matrix and selective medium for acidophilic actinomycetes using numerical classification data
- Seong, Chi Nam , Park, Seok Kyu , Goodfellow, Michael , Kim, Seung Bum , Hah, Yung Chil
- J. Microbiol. 1995;33(2):95-102.
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Abstract
Supplementary Material - A probability identification matrix of acidophilic Streptomyces was constructed. The phenetic data of the strains were derived from numerical classification described by Seong et al. The minimum number of diagnostic characters was determined using computer programs for calculation of different separation indices. The resulting matrix consisted of 25 clusters versus 53 characters. Theoretical evaluation of this matrix was achieved by estimating the cluster overlap and the identification scores for the Hypothetical Median Organisms (HMO) and for the representatives of each cluster. Cluster overlap was found to be relatively small. Identification scores for the HMO and the randomly selected representatives of each cluster were satisfactory. The matrix was assessed practically by applying the matrix to the identification of unknown isolates. Of the unknown isolates, 71.9% were clearly identified to one of eight clusters. The numerical classification data was also used to design a selective isolation medium for antibiotic-producing organisms. Four chemical substances including 2 antibiotics were determined by the DLACHAR program as diagnostic for the isolation of target organisms which have antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus. It was possible to detect the increased rate of selective isolation on the synthesized medium. The results show that the numerical phenetic data can be applied to a variety of purposes, such as construction of identification matrix and selective isolation medium for acidophilic antinomycetes.
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