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Review
Extracellular vesicles of Gram-negative and Gram-positive probiotics
Yangyunqi Wang, Chongxu Duan, Xiaomin Yu
J. Microbiol. 2025;63(7):e2506005.   Published online July 31, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2506005
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AbstractAbstract PDF

Extracellular vesicles derived from probiotics have received considerable attention for their pivotal role in bacterial‒host communication. These nanosized, bilayer-encapsulated vesicles carry diverse bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites. Currently, ample evidence has emerged that probiotic extracellular vesicles may modulate several processes of host physiological hemostasis and offer therapeutic benefits. This review examines the biogenesis, composition, and immunomodulatory functions of probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles in probiotic–host interactions, highlighting the therapeutic potential of probiotic extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. We further summarize the techniques for the separation and purification of extracellular vesicles, providing a methodological foundation for future research and applications. Although the field of probiotic extracellular vesicle research is still in its infancy, the prospects for their application in the biomedical field are broad, potentially emerging as a novel therapeutic approach.

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  • Standardizing Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Purification: A Call for Consensus
    Dongsic Choi, Eun-Young Lee
    Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Research Article
Korean Red ginseng enhances ZBP1-mediated cell death to suppress viral protein expression in host defense against Influenza A virus
Jueun Oh, Hayeon Kim, Jihye Lee, Suhyun Kim, Seyun Shin, Young-Eui Kim, Sehee Park, SangJoon Lee
J. Microbiol. 2025;63(1):e.2409007.   Published online January 24, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2409007
  • 1,419 View
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  • 3 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material

Korean Red ginseng has emerged as a potent candidate in the fight against various viral infections, demonstrating significant efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, particularly against influenza A viruses. Despite substantial evidence of its antiviral properties, the detailed molecular mechanisms through which it reduces viral lethality remain insufficiently understood. Our investigations have highlighted the superior effectiveness of Korean Red ginseng against influenza viruses, outperforming its effects on numerous other viral strains. We aim to uncover the specific mechanisms by which Korean Red ginseng exerts its antiviral effects, focusing on influenza A viruses. Our prior studies have identified the role of Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), a signaling complex involved in inducing programmed cell death in response to influenza virus infection. Given the critical role of ZBP1 as a sensor for viral nucleic acid, we hypothesize that Korean Red ginseng may modulate the ZBP1-derived cell death pathway. This interaction is anticipated to enhance cell death while concurrently suppressing viral protein expression, offering novel insights into the antiviral mechanism of Korean Red ginseng against influenza A viruses.

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Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Pattern recognition receptors and inflammasome: Now and beyond
    SuHyeon Oh, Young Ki Choi, SangJoon Lee
    Molecules and Cells.2025; 48(8): 100239.     CrossRef
  • Targeting innate immune sensors for therapeutic strategies in infectious diseases
    Seyun Shin, Young Ki Choi, SangJoon Lee
    Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(6): e2503009.     CrossRef
  • Formation and biological implications of Z-DNA
    Yonghang Run, Mahmoud Tavakoli, Yuxuan Zhang, Karen M. Vasquez, Wenli Zhang
    Trends in Genetics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • mGem: Noncanonical nucleic acid structures—powerful but neglected antiviral targets
    Václav Brázda, Richard P. Bowater, Petr Pečinka, Martin Bartas, Vinayaka R. Prasad
    mBio.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Reviews
Microbiome-Mucosal Immunity Nexus: Driving Forces in Respiratory Disease Progression
Young Chae Park, Soo Yeon Choi, Yunah Cha, Hyeong Won Yoon, Young Min Son
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(9):709-725.   Published online September 6, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00167-4
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  • 4 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The importance of the complex interplay between the microbiome and mucosal immunity, particularly within the respiratory tract, has gained significant attention due to its potential implications for the severity and progression of lung diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the specific interactions through which the respiratory tract-specific microbiome influences mucosal immunity and ultimately impacts respiratory health. Furthermore, we discuss how the microbiome affects mucosal immunity, considering tissue-specific variations, and its capacity in respiratory diseases containing asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Additionally, we investigate the external factors which affect the relationship between respiratory microbiome and mucosal immune responses. By exploring these intricate interactions, this review provides valuable insights into the potential for microbiome-based interventions to modulate mucosal immunity and alleviate the severity of respiratory diseases.

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  • The impact of environmental factors on respiratory tract microbiome and respiratory system diseases
    Yutao Ge, Guo Tang, Yawen Fu, Peng Deng, Rong Yao
    European Journal of Medical Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Meta-transcriptomics Reveals Dysbiosis of the Respiratory Microbiome in Older Adults with Long COVID
    Meng’en Liao, Jianpeng Cai, Feng Zhu, Yuanbo Lan, Tianqi Xu, Jingxin Guo, Quanlin Xue, Yilong Wen, Fan Zou, Yu Zhang, Shiliang Zhang, Yan Yan, Jingwen Ai, Jie Cui, Wenhong Zhang
    Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Lactobacillus salivarius HHuMin-U attenuates vulvovaginal candidiasis via vaginal epithelial immune enhancement mediated by NF-κB activation
    Juwon Choi, Jay-Young Jo, Ji Su Lee, Joe Eun Son, Sun Young Kim, Hye Eun Lee, Yeong-Je Seong, Keon Heo, Yongbaek Kim, Myeong Soo Park, Sanguine Byun
    New Biotechnology.2025; 90: 36.     CrossRef
  • Bacteria and fungi of the lung: allies or enemies?
    Enrico Garaci, Marilena Pariano, Emilia Nunzi, Claudio Costantini, Marina Maria Bellet, Cinzia Antognelli, Matteo Antonio Russo, Luigina Romani
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Role of Rab GTPases in Bacteria Escaping from Vesicle Trafficking of Host Cells
Huiling Xu, Shengnan Wang, Xiaozhou Wang, Pu Zhang, Qi Zheng, ChangXi Qi, Xiaoting Liu, Muzi Li, Yongxia Liu, Jianzhu Liu
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(8):581-590.   Published online August 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00162-9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Most bacteria will use their toxins to interact with the host cell, causing damage to the cell and then escaping from it. When bacteria enter the cell, they will be transported via the endosomal pathway. Rab GTPases are involved in bacterial transport as major components of endosomes that bind to their downstream effector proteins. The bacteria manipulate some Rab GTPases, escape the cell, and get to survive. In this review, we will focus on summarizing the many processes of how bacteria manipulate Rab GTPases to control their escape.

Citations

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  • Rab5-mediated phagocytosis restricts Spiroplasma eriocheiris infection in crabs through a ubiquitination-dependent mechanism
    Yubo Ma, Yu Yao, Xin Yin, Zhenyu Yu, Jing Yan, Yaqin Wang, Wei Gu, Xuguang Li, Jun Zhou, Qingguo Meng
    Aquaculture.2025; 607: 742635.     CrossRef
Meta-Analysis
Exploring COVID-19 Pandemic Disparities with Transcriptomic Meta-analysis from the Perspective of Personalized Medicine
Medi Kori, Ceyda Kasavi, Kazim Yalcin Arga
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(9):785-798.   Published online July 9, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00154-9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Infection with SARS-CoV2, which is responsible for COVID-19, can lead to differences in disease development, severity and mortality rates depending on gender, age or the presence of certain diseases. Considering that existing studies ignore these differences, this study aims to uncover potential differences attributable to gender, age and source of sampling as well as viral load using bioinformatics and multi-omics approaches. Differential gene expression analyses were used to analyse the phenotypic differences between SARS-CoV-2 patients and controls at the mRNA level. Pathway enrichment analyses were performed at the gene set level to identify the activated pathways corresponding to the differences in the samples. Drug repurposing analysis was performed at the protein level, focusing on host-mediated drug candidates to uncover potential therapeutic differences. Significant differences (i.e. the number of differentially expressed genes and their characteristics) were observed for COVID-19 at the mRNA level depending on the sample source, gender and age of the samples. The results of the pathway enrichment show that SARS-CoV-2 can be combated more effectively in the respiratory tract than in the blood samples. Taking into account the different sample sources and their characteristics, different drug candidates were identified. Evaluating disease prediction, prevention and/or treatment strategies from a personalised perspective is crucial. In this study, we not only evaluated the differences in COVID-19 from a personalised perspective, but also provided valuable data for further experimental and clinical efforts. Our findings could shed light on potential pandemics.

Citations

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  • Integrated multi-sample transcriptomic analysis of COVID-19 patients against controls using a bioinformatics pipeline
    Li Ying Khoo, Sarinder Kaur Dhillon
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Differential Impact of Spike Protein Mutations on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Immune Evasion: Insights from Delta and Kappa Variants
    Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Jinjong Myoung
    Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024; 34(12): 2506.     CrossRef
Reviews
Metabolic Interaction Between Host and the Gut Microbiota During High‑Fat Diet‑Induced Colorectal Cancer
Chaeeun Lee, Seungrin Lee, Woongjae Yoo
J. Microbiol. 2024;62(3):153-165.   Published online April 16, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00123-2
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-highest cause of cancer-associated mortality among both men and women worldwide. One of the risk factors for CRC is obesity, which is correlated with a high-fat diet prevalent in Western dietary habits. The association between an obesogenic high-fat diet and CRC has been established for several decades; however, the mechanisms by which a high-fat diet increases the risk of CRC remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota strongly infuence the pathogenesis of both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. The gut microbiota is composed of hundreds of bacterial species, some of which are implicated in CRC. In particular, the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, which is considered a microbial signature of intestinal microbiota functional imbalance (dysbiosis), is associated with both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. Here, we review the interaction between the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) during high-fat diet-induced obesity. In addition, we will cover how a high-fat diet can drive the expansion of genotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by altering intestinal epithelial cell metabolism during gut infammation conditions.

Citations

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  • Wheat β-glucan reduces obesity and hyperlipidemia in mice with high-fat and high-salt diet by regulating intestinal flora
    Min Li, Qingshan Wang, Xiuwei Zhang, Kaikai Li, Meng Niu, Siming Zhao
    International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2025; 288: 138754.     CrossRef
  • Microbial Metabolites-induced Epigenetic Modifications for Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives
    Vaibhav Singh, Ekta Shirbhate, Rakesh Kore, Subham Vishwakarma, Shadiya Parveen, Ravichandran Veerasamy, Amit K Tiwari, Harish Rajak
    Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry.2025; 25(1): 76.     CrossRef
  • Deciphering the impact of dietary habits and behavioral patterns on colorectal cancer
    Qihang Yuan, Jiahua Liu, Xinyu Wang, Chunchun Du, Yao Zhang, Lin Lin, Chengfang Wang, Zhijun Hong
    International Journal of Surgery.2025; 111(3): 2603.     CrossRef
  • Integrating single-cell with transcriptome-proteome Mendelian randomization reveals colorectal cancer targets
    Song Wang, Xin Yao, Shenshen Li, Shanshan Wang, Xuyu Huang, Jing Zhou, Xiao Li, Jieying Wen, Weixuan Lan, Yunsi Huang, Hao Li, Yunlong Sun, Xiaoqian Zhao, Qiaoling Chen, Xuedong Han, Ziming Zhu, Xinyue Zhang, Tao Zhang
    Discover Oncology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Parabacteroides johnsonii inhibits the onset and progression of colorectal cancer by modulating the gut microbiota
    Jing Liu, Yong Zhang, Linxiang Xu, Guoli Gu, Zhiwei Dong
    Journal of Translational Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Molecular Mechanisms of Skatole-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells: Implications for Colorectal Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    Katsunori Ishii, Kazuma Naito, Dai Tanaka, Yoshihito Koto, Koichi Kurata, Hidehisa Shimizu
    Cells.2024; 13(20): 1730.     CrossRef
  • Research Progress on the Relationship between Intestinal Flora and Gastrointestinal Malignancy
    军 陈
    Advances in Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(11): 262.     CrossRef
  • Host-Associated Microbiome
    Woo Jun Sul
    Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(3): 135.     CrossRef
COVID-19 vaccine development based on recombinant viral and bacterial vector systems: combinatorial effect of adaptive and trained immunity
Mi-Hyun Lee , Bum-Joon Kim
J. Microbiol. 2022;60(3):321-334.   Published online February 14, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1621-2
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARSCoV- 2) infection, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to many cases and deaths worldwide. Therefore, a number of vaccine candidates have been developed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, to date, 21 vaccines have received emergency approval for human use in at least one country. However, the recent global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has compromised the efficacy of the currently available vaccines. To protect against these variants, the use of vaccines that modulate T cell-mediated immune responses or innate immune cell memory function, termed trained immunity, is needed. The major advantage of a vaccine that uses bacteria or viral systems for the delivery of COVID-19 antigens is the ability to induce both T cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. In addition, such vaccine systems can also exert off-target effects via the vector itself, mediated partly through trained immunity; compared to other vaccine platforms, suggesting that this approach can provide better protection against even vaccine escape variants. This review presents the current status of the development of COVID-19 vaccines based on recombinant viral and bacterial delivery systems. We also discuss the current status of the use of licensed live vaccines for other infections, including BCG, oral polio and MMR vaccines, to prevent COVID-19 infections.

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  • Enhancement of immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expressed in Escherichia coli by fusion of the CRM197 functional domain
    Xibing Yu, Yinmeng Yang, Miao Zhang, Qiantong Shen, Yun Zhu, Tong An, Siqi Li, Kexin Zhang, Shuaiyao Lu, Shaohong Lu, Fangcheng Zhuang, Meng Gao
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Shivendra Dubey, Dinesh Kumar Verma, Mahesh Kumar
    PeerJ Computer Science.2024; 10: e2062.     CrossRef
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    Fernando Santos‐Beneit
    MicrobiologyOpen.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Susan Martins Pereira, Florisneide Rodrigues Barreto, Ramon Andrade de Souza, Carlos Antonio de Souza Teles Santos, Marcos Pereira, Enny Santos da Paixão, Carla Cristina Oliveira de Jesus Lima, Marcio Santos da Natividade, Ana Angélica Bulcão Portela Lind
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    Viruses.2023; 15(11): 2181.     CrossRef
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    I. V. Alekseenko, R. G. Vasilov, L. G. Kondratyeva, S. V. Kostrov, I. P. Chernov, E. D. Sverdlov
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    E. P. Kharchenko
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    Claudio Bandi, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Domenico Otranto, Alessandro Alvaro, Viviane Noll Louzada-Flores, Massimo Pajoro, Ilaria Varotto-Boccazzi, Matteo Brilli, Alessandro Manenti, Emanuele Montomoli, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Sara Epis
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    I. V. Alekseenko, R. G. Vasilov, L. G. Kondratyeva, S. V. Kostrov, I. P. Chernov, E. D. Sverdlov
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    Andrés Noé, Thanh D. Dang, Christine Axelrad, Emma Burrell, Susie Germano, Sonja Elia, David Burgner, Kirsten P. Perrett, Nigel Curtis, Nicole L. Messina
    Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Journal Article
Salicibibacter cibarius sp. nov. and Salicibibacter cibi sp. nov., two novel species of the family Bacillaceae isolated from kimchi
Young Joon Oh , Joon Yong Kim , Seul Ki Lim , Min-Sung Kwon , Hak-Jong Choi
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(5):460-466.   Published online April 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0513-1
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AbstractAbstract PDF
To date, all species in the genus Salicibibacter have been isolated in Korean commercial kimchi. We aimed to describe the taxonomic characteristics of two strains, NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T, isolated from commercial kimchi collected from various regions in the Republic of Korea. Cells of these strains were rod-shaped, Gram-positive, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase- positive, non-motile, halophilic, and alkalitolerant. Both strains, unlike other species of the genus Salicibibacter, could not grow without NaCl. Strains NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T could tolerate up to 25.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10%) and grow at pH 7.0–10.0 (optimum 8.5) and 8.0–9.0 (optimum 8.5), respectively; they showed 97.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to each other and were most closely related to S. kimchii NKC1-1T (97.0% and 96.8% similarity, respectively). The genome of strain NKC5-3T was nearly 4.6 Mb in size, with 4,456 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), whereas NKC21-4T genome was nearly 3.9 Mb in size, with 3,717 CDSs. OrthoANI values between the novel strains and S. kimchii NKC1-1T were far lower than the species demarcation threshold. NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T clustered together to form branches that were distinct from the other Salicibibacter species. The major fatty acids in these strains were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0, and the predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-7. The polar lipids of NKC5-3T included diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and five unidentified phospholipids (PL), and those of NKC21-4T included DPG, PG, seven unidentified PLs, and an unidentified lipid. Both isolates had DPG, which is the first case in the genus Salicibibacter. The genomic G + C content of strains NKC5-3T and NKC21-4T was 44.7 and 44.9 mol%, respectively. Based on phenotypic, genomic, phylogenetic, and chemotaxonomic analyses, strains NKC5-3T (= KACC 22040T = DSM 111417T) and NKC21-4T (= KACC 22041T = DSM 111418T) represent two novel species of the genus Salicibibacter, for which the names Salicibibacter cibarius sp. nov. and Salicibibacter cibi sp. nov. are proposed.

Citations

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  • Valid publication of new names and new combinations effectively published outside the IJSEM
    Aharon Oren, George M. Garrity
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology .2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
Review
Rediscovery of antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents
Minkyung Ryu , Jaeyeong Park , Ji-Hyun Yeom , Minju Joo , Kangseok Lee
J. Microbiol. 2021;59(2):113-123.   Published online February 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-0649-z
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AbstractAbstract PDF
In recent years, the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is increasing rapidly. There is growing concern as the development of antibiotics is slower than the increase in the resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternatives to antibiotics. Despite their name, which implies their antimicrobial activity, AMPs have recently been rediscovered as compounds having antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and insecticidal effects. Moreover, many AMPs are relatively safe from toxic side effects and the generation of resistant microorganisms due to their target specificity and complexity of the mechanisms underlying their action. In this review, we summarize the history, classification, and mechanisms of action of AMPs, and provide descriptions of AMPs undergoing clinical trials. We also discuss the obstacles associated with the development of AMPs as therapeutic agents and recent strategies formulated to circumvent these obstacles.

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Journal Articles
Characterization of a novel dsRNA mycovirus of Trichoderma atroviride NFCF377 reveals a member of “Fusagraviridae” with changes in antifungal activity of the host fungus
Jeesun Chun , Byeonghak Na , Dae-Hyuk Kim
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(12):1046-1053.   Published online October 23, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0380-1
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Trichoderma atroviride is a common fungus found in various ecosystems that shows mycoparasitic ability on other fungi. A novel dsRNA virus was isolated from T. atroviride NFCF377 strain and its molecular features were analyzed. The viral genome consists of a single segmented double-stranded RNA and is 9,584 bp in length, with two discontinuous open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2). A mycoviral structural protein and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) are encoded by ORF1 and ORF2, respectively, between which is found a canonical shifty heptameric signal motif (AAAAAAC) followed by an RNA pseudoknot. Analysis of sequence similarity and phylogeny showed that it is closely related to members of the proposed family “Fusagraviridae”, with a highest similarity to the Trichoderma atroviride mycovirus 1 (TaMV1). Although the sequence similarity of deduced amino acid to TaMV1 was evident, sequence deviations were distinctive at untranslated regions (UTRs) due to the extended size. Thus, we inferred this dsRNA to be a different strain of Trichoderma atroviride mycovirus 1 (TaMV1-NFCF377). Electron microscopy image exhibited an icosahedral viral particle of 40 nm diameter. Virus-cured isogenic isolates were generated and no differences in growth rate, colony morphology, or conidia production were observed between virus-infected and virus-cured strains. However, culture filtrates of TaMV1- NFCF377-infected strain showed enhanced antifungal activity against the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani but not to edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. These results suggested that TaMV1-NFCF377 affected the metabolism of the fungal host to potentiate antifungal compounds against a plant pathogen, but this enhanced antifungal activity appeared to be species-specific.

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  • Co-infection with two novel mycoviruses affects the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma polysporum
    Jeesun Chun, Hae-Ryeong Yoon, Sei-Jin Lee, Dae-Hyuk Kim
    Biological Control.2024; 188: 105440.     CrossRef
  • An Outstandingly Rare Occurrence of Mycoviruses in Soil Strains of the Plant-Beneficial Fungi from the Genus Trichoderma and a Novel Polymycoviridae Isolate
    Chenchen Liu, Xiliang Jiang, Zhaoyan Tan, Rongqun Wang, Qiaoxia Shang, Hongrui Li, Shujin Xu, Miguel A. Aranda, Beilei Wu, Lea Atanasova
    Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sixteen Novel Mycoviruses Containing Positive Single-Stranded RNA, Double-Stranded RNA, and Negative Single-Stranded RNA Genomes Co-Infect a Single Strain of Rhizoctonia zeae
    Siwei Li, Zhihao Ma, Xinyi Zhang, Yibo Cai, Chenggui Han, Xuehong Wu
    Journal of Fungi.2023; 10(1): 30.     CrossRef
  • Trichoderma – genomes and genomics as treasure troves for research towards biology, biotechnology and agriculture
    Miriam Schalamun, Monika Schmoll
    Frontiers in Fungal Biology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Transfectable Fusagravirus from a Japanese Strain of Cryphonectria carpinicola with Spherical Particles
    Subha Das, Sakae Hisano, Ana Eusebio-Cope, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki
    Viruses.2022; 14(8): 1722.     CrossRef
  • Molecular characteristics of a novel hypovirus from Trichoderma harzianum
    Jeesun Chun, Kum-Kang So, Yo-Han Ko, Dae-Hyuk Kim
    Archives of Virology.2022; 167(1): 233.     CrossRef
  • Sustainable Management of Medicago sativa for Future Climates: Insect Pests, Endophytes and Multitrophic Interactions in a Complex Environment
    Mark R. McNeill, Xiongbing Tu, Eric Altermann, Wu Beilei, Shengjing Shi
    Frontiers in Agronomy.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A New Double-Stranded RNA Mycovirus in Cryphonectria naterciae Is Able to Cross the Species Barrier and Is Deleterious to a New Host
    Carolina Cornejo, Sakae Hisano, Helena Bragança, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Daniel Rigling
    Journal of Fungi.2021; 7(10): 861.     CrossRef
[PROTOCOL]A Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis (STM)-based murine-infectivity assay for Cryptococcus neoformans
Kwang-Woo Jung , Kyung-Tae Lee , Yong-Sun Bahn
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(10):823-831.   Published online September 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0341-8
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) is a high-throughput genetic technique that can be used to investigate the function of genes by constructing a large number of mutant strains with unique DNA identification tags, pooling them, and screening them for a particular phenotypic trait. STM was first designed for the identification of genes that contribute to the virulence or infectivity of a pathogen in its host. Recently, this
method
has also been applied for the identification of mutants with specific phenotypes, such as antifungal drug resistance and proliferation. In the present study, we describe an STM
method
for the identification of genes contributing to the infectivity of Cryptococcus neoformans using a mutant library, in which each strain was tagged with a unique DNA sequence.

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  • Genome-wide phenotypic profiling of transcription factors and identification of novel targets to control the virulence of Vibrio vulnificus
    Dayoung Sung, Garam Choi, Minji Ahn, Hokyung Byun, Tae Young Kim, Hojun Lee, Zee-Won Lee, Ji Yong Park, Young Hyun Jung, Ho Jae Han, Sang Ho Choi
    Nucleic Acids Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Zinc-binding domain mediates pleiotropic functions of Yvh1 in Cryptococcus neoformans
    Jae-Hyung Jin, Myung Kyung Choi, Hyun-Soo Cho, Yong-Sun Bahn
    Journal of Microbiology.2021; 59(7): 658.     CrossRef
In vitro disinfection efficacy and clinical protective effects of common disinfectants against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-causing Vibrio isolates in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei
Peizhuo Zou , Qian Yang , Hailiang Wang , Guosi Xie , Zhi Cao , Xing Chen , Wen Gao , Jie Huang
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(8):675-686.   Published online July 27, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9537-1
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is one of the most significant bacterial diseases in global shrimp culture, causing severe economic losses. In the present study, we carried out in vitro antimicrobial tests to investigate the disinfection efficacy of 14 common disinfectants toward different AHPND-causing Vibrio spp., including eight isolates of V. parahaemolyticus, four isolates of V. campbellii, and one isolate of V. owensii. Polyhexamethylene biguanidine hydrochloride (PHMB) was revealed to possess the strongest inhibitory activity. Through analyzing and evaluating the results of antimicrobial tests and acute toxicity test, we selected PHMB and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for further clinical protection test. Clinical manifestations indicated that both PHMB (2 mg/L and 4 mg/L) and H2O2 (12 mg/L) could effectively protect juvenile Penaeus vannamei from the infection of V. parahaemolyticus isolate Vp362 at 106 CFU/ml, and the survival rate was over 80%. When the bacterial concentration was reduced to 105 CFU/ml, 104 CFU/ml, and 103 CFU/ml, the survival rate after treated by 1 mg/L PHMB was 64.44%, 93.33%, and 100%, respectively. According to the results, PHMB and H2O2 showed a lower toxicity while a better protection activity, particularly against a lower concentration of the pathogens. Therefore, these two disinfectants are proved to be promising disinfectants that can be applied to prevent and control AHPND in shrimp culture. Moreover, the methods of this study also provided valuable information for the prevention of other important bacterial diseases and suggested a reliable means for screening potential drugs in aquaculture.

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  • Bactericidal Effect and Mechanism of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide (PHMB) on Pathogenic Bacteria in Marine Aquaculture
    Lanting Wu, Chunyuan Wang, Yingeng Wang, Yongxiang Yu, Zheng Zhang, Cuiping Ma, Xiaojun Rong, Ling Chen, Meijie Liao, Yapeng Yang
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    Guang Yang, Ying Huang, Ning Ma, Kai Li, Xiao-mei Wang, Lian-bo Zhang, Wen-bo Yang, Wan-li Zhang, Lei Xia, Hong-Yu Zhang, Li-lai Yuan
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Basigin binds bacteria and activates Dorsal signaling to promote antibacterial defense in Penaeus vannamei
    Linwei Yang, Zi-ang Wang, Yushi Gan, Hongliang Zuo, Hengwei Deng, Shaoping Weng, Jianguo He, Xiaopeng Xu
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology.2023; 142: 109123.     CrossRef
  • Clinical protective effects of polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing translucent post-larvae disease (VTPD) in Penaeus vannamei
    Tianchang Jia, Tingting Xu, Jitao Xia, Shuang Liu, Wenqiang Li, Ruidong Xu, Jie Kong, Qingli Zhang
    Journal of Invertebrate Pathology.2023; 201: 108002.     CrossRef
Burkholderia thailandensis outer membrane vesicles exert antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant and competitor microbial species
Yihui Wang , Joseph P. Hoffmann , Chau-Wen Chou , Kerstin Höner zu Bentrup , Joseph A. Fuselier , Jacob P. Bitoun , William C. Wimley , Lisa A. Morici
J. Microbiol. 2020;58(7):550-562.   Published online April 11, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0028-1
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Gram-negative bacteria secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that play critical roles in intraspecies, interspecies, and bacteria-environment interactions. Some OMVs, such as those produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have previously been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against competitor species. In the current study, we demonstrate that OMVs from Burkholderia thailandensis inhibit the growth of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant bacteria and fungi. We show that a number of antimicrobial compounds, including peptidoglycan hydrolases, 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(2-nonenyl)- quinoline (HMNQ) and long-chain rhamnolipid are present in or tightly associate with B. thailandensis OMVs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HMNQ and rhamnolipid possess antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These findings indicate that B. thailandensis secretes antimicrobial OMVs that may impart a survival advantage by eliminating competition. In addition, bacterial OMVs may represent an untapped resource of novel therapeutics effective against biofilm- forming and multidrug-resistant organisms.

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Role of putative virulence traits of Campylobacter jejuni in regulating differential host immune responses
Ankita Singh , Amirul Islam Mallick
J. Microbiol. 2019;57(4):298-309.   Published online February 22, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8165-0
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Among the major enteric pathogens, Campylobacter jejuni is considered an important source of diarrheal illness in humans. In contrast to the acute gastroenteritis in humans, C. jejuni exhibits prolonged cecal colonization at a high level with little or no pathology in chickens. Although several known virulence determinants of C. jejuni have been found to be associated with a higher degree of pathogenesis in humans, to date, little is known about their functions in the persistent colonization of chickens. The present study was undertaken to assess the role of C. jejuni in imparting differential host immune responses in human and chicken cells. Based on the abundance of major genes encoding virulence factors (GEVFs), we used a particular isolate that harbors the cadF, flaA, peb1, racR, ciaB, cdtB, and hcp genes. This study showed that hypervirulent C. jejuni isolate that encodes a functional type VI secretion system (T6SS) has a greater ability to invade and create characteristic “attaching and effacing” lesions in human INT407 compared to primary chicken embryo intestinal cells (CEICs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the higher bacterial invasion in human INT407 triggered higher levels of expression of major proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL- 1β and IL-6, and significant downregulation of IL-17A gene expression (P ≤ 0.05). The findings of the present study suggest that the enhanced ability of C. jejuni to invade human cells is tightly regulated by proinflammatory cytokines in the gut and possibly holds the keys to the observed differences in pathogenesis between human and chicken cells.

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[PROTOCOL] Drosophila melanogaster as a polymicrobial infection model for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus
Young-Joon Lee , Hye-Jeong Jang , In-Young Chung , You-Hee Cho
J. Microbiol. 2018;56(8):534-541.   Published online July 25, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-8331-9
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Non-mammalian infection models have been developed over the last two decades, which is a historic milestone to understand the molecular basis of bacterial pathogenesis. They also provide small-scale research platforms for identification of virulence factors, screening for antibacterial hits, and evaluation of antibacterial efficacy. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster is one of the model hosts for a variety of bacterial pathogens, in that the innate immunity pathways and tissue physiology are highly similar to those in mammals. We here present a relatively simple protocol to assess the key aspects of the polymicrobial interaction in vivo between the human opportunistic pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which is based on the systemic infection by needle pricking at the dorsal thorax of the flies. After infection, fly survival and bacteremia over time for both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus within the infected flies can be monitored as a measure of polymicrobial virulence potential. The infection takes ~24 h including bacterial cultivation. Fly survival and bacteremia are assessed using the infected flies that are monitored up to ~60 h post-infection. These methods can be used to identify presumable as well as unexpected phenotypes during polymicrobial interaction between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus mutants, regarding bacterial pathogenesis and host immunity.

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