Journal of Microbiology

Journal Articles

Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Brucella spp. from Human, Livestock, and Wildlife in South Africa: Koketso Desiree Mazwi, Kgaugelo Edward Lekota, Barbara Akofo Glover, Francis Babaman Kolo, Ayesha Hassim, Jenny Rossouw, Annelize Jonker, Justnya Maria Wojno, Giuseppe Profiti, Pier Luigi Martelli, Rita Casadio, Katiuscia Zilli, Anna Janowicz, Francesca Marotta, Giuliano Garofolo, Henriette van Heerden; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(9):759-773. Published online July 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00155-8

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Abstract: Brucellosis is an economically important zoonotic disease affecting humans, livestock, and wildlife health globally and especially in Africa. Brucella abortus and B. melitensis have been isolated from human, livestock (cattle and goat), and wildlife (sable) in South Africa (SA) but with little knowledge of the population genomic structure of this pathogen in SA. As whole genome sequencing can assist to differentiate and trace the origin of outbreaks of Brucella spp. strains, the whole genomes of retrospective isolates (n = 19) from previous studies were sequenced. Sequences were analysed using average nucleotide identity (ANI), pangenomics, and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) to trace the geographical origin of cases of brucellosis circulating in human, cattle, goats, and sable from different provinces in SA. Pangenomics analysis of B. melitensis (n = 69) and B. abortus (n = 56) was conducted with 19 strains that included B. abortus from cattle (n = 3) and B. melitensis from a human (n = 1), cattle (n = 1), goat (n = 1), Rev1 vaccine strain (n = 1), and sable (n = 12). Pangenomics analysis of B. melitensis genomes, highlighted shared genes, that include 10 hypothetical proteins and genes that encodes for acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (acs), and acylamidase (aam) amongst the sable genomes. The wgSNP analysis confirmed the B. melitensis isolated from human was more closely related to the goat from the Western Cape Province from the same outbreak than the B. melitensis cattle sample from different cases in the Gauteng Province. The B. melitensis sable strains could be distinguished from the African lineage, constituting their own African sub-clade. The sequenced B. abortus strains clustered in the C2 lineage that is closely related to the isolates from Mozambique and Zimbabwe. This study identified genetically diverse Brucella spp. among various hosts in SA. This study expands the limited known knowledge regarding the presence of B. melitensis in livestock and humans in SA, further building a foundation for future research on the distribution of the Brucella spp. worldwide and its evolutionary background.

In Silico Intensive Analysis for the E4 Gene Evolution of Human Adenovirus Species D: Chanhee Lee, Anyeseu Park, Jeong Yoon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):409-418. Published online April 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00132-1

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Abstract: Adenovirus (Ad) is a ubiquitous pathogen capable of infecting a wide range of animals and humans. Human Adenovirus (HAdV) can cause severe infection, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems. To date, over 110 types of HAdV have been classified into seven species from A to G, with the majority belonging to the human adenovirus species D (HAdV-D). In the HAdV-D, the most significant factor for the creation of new adenovirus types is homologous recombination between viral genes involved in determining the virus tropism or evading immune system of host cells. The E4 gene, consisting of seven Open Reading Frames (ORFs), plays a role in both the regulation of host cell metabolism and the replication of viral genes. Despite long-term studies, the function of each ORF remains unclear. Based on our updated information, ORF2, ORF3, and ORF4 have been identified as regions with relatively high mutations compared to other ORFs in the E4 gene, through the use of in silico comparative analysis. Additionally, we managed to visualize high mutation sections, previously undetectable at the DNA level, through a powerful amino acid sequence analysis tool known as proteotyping. Our research has revealed the involvement of the E4 gene in the evolution of human adenovirus, and has established accurate sequence information of the E4 gene, laying the groundwork for further research.

Review

Genomic Evolution and Recombination Dynamics of Human Adenovirus D Species: Insights from Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis: Anyeseu Park, Chanhee Lee, Jeong Yoon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(5):393-407. Published online March 7, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00112-5

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Abstract

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) can infect various epithelial mucosal cells, ultimately causing different symptoms in infected organ systems. With more than 110 types classified into seven species (A-G), HAdV-D species possess the highest number of viruses and are the fastest proliferating. The emergence of new adenovirus types and increased diversity are driven by homologous recombination (HR) between viral genes, primarily in structural elements such as the penton base, hexon and fiber proteins, and the E1 and E3 regions. A comprehensive analysis of the HAdV genome provides valuable insights into the evolution of human adenoviruses and identifies genes that display high variation across the entire genome to determine recombination patterns. Hypervariable regions within genetic sequences correlate with functional characteristics, thus allowing for adaptation to new environments and hosts. Proteotyping of newly emerging and already established adenoviruses allows for prediction of the characteristics of novel viruses. HAdV-D species evolved in a direction that increased diversity through gene recombination. Bioinformatics analysis across the genome, particularly in highly variable regions, allows for the verification or re-evaluation of recombination patterns in both newly introduced and pre-existing viruses, ultimately aiding in tracing various biological traits such as virus tropism and pathogenesis. Our research does not only assist in predicting the emergence of new adenoviruses but also offers critical guidance in regard to identifying potential regulatory factors of homologous recombination hotspots.

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In Silico Intensive Analysis for the E4 Gene Evolution of Human Adenovirus Species D
Chanhee Lee, Anyeseu Park, Jeong Yoon Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(5): 409. CrossRef

Journal Articles

LAMMER Kinase Governs the Expression and Cellular Localization of Gas2, a Key Regulator of Flocculation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: Won-Hwa Kang , Yoon-Dong Park , Joo-Yeon Lim , Hee-Moon Park; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(1):21-31. Published online January 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00097-7

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Abstract: It was reported that LAMMER kinase in Schizosaccharomyces pombe plays an important role in cation-dependent and galactose-specific flocculation. Analogous to other flocculating yeasts, when cell wall extracts of the Δlkh1 strain were treated to the wild-type strain, it displayed flocculation. Gas2, a 1,3-β-glucanosyl transferase, was isolated from the EDTA-extracted cell-surface proteins in the Δlkh1 strain. While disruption of the gas2+ gene was not lethal and reduced the flocculation activity of the Δlkh1 strain, the expression of a secreted form of Gas2, in which the GPI anchor addition sequences had been removed, conferred the ability to flocculate upon the WT strain. The Gas2-mediated flocculation was strongly inhibited by galactose but not by glucose. Immunostaining analysis showed that the cell surface localization of Gas2 was crucial for the flocculation of fission yeast. In addition, we identified the regulation of mbx2+ expression by Lkh1 using RT-qPCR. Taken together, we found that Lkh1 induces asexual flocculation by regulating not only the localization of Gas2 but also the transcription of gas2+ through Mbx2.

Prevalence of Indigenous Antibiotic‑Resistant Salmonella Isolates and Their Application to Explore a Lytic Phage vB_SalS_KFSSM with an Intra‑Broad Specificity: Jaein Choe , Su-Hyeon Kim , Ji Min Han , Jong-Hoon Kim , Mi-Sun Kwak , Do-Won Jeong , Mi-Kyung Park; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(12):1063-1073. Published online January 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00098-6

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Abstract: The consumption of fresh produce has led to increase in antibiotic-resistant (AR) Salmonella outbreaks. In this study, indigenous Salmonella was isolated from a total of two hundred-two samples including fresh produce and agricultural environmental samples in Korea. After biochemical confirmation using the Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate tests, presumable Salmonella isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Identified Salmonella isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility against twenty-two antibiotics. The specificity and the efficiency of plating (EOP) of vB_SalS_KFSSM were evaluated against fifty-three bacterial strains. Twenty-five suspected Salmonella were isolated and confirmed by the positive
result
for methyl red and citrate, of which ten were identified as Salmonella spp. through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Eight Salmonella isolates (4.0%, n = 8/202) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, among which five were multi-drug resistant. As a lytic phage against Salmonella spp. CMGS-1, vB_SalS_KFSSM was isolated from cow manure. The phage was observed as a tailed phage belonging to the class Caudoviricetes. It exhibited an intra-broad specificity against four indigenous AR Salmonella isolates, two indigenous Salmonella isolates, and five other Salmonella serotypes with great efficiencies (EOP ≥ 0.75). Thus, this study suggested the potential of vB_SalS_KFSSM to combat indigenous AR Salmonella.

Review

Envelope‑Stress Sensing Mechanism of Rcs and Cpx Signaling Pathways in Gram‑Negative Bacteria: Seung-Hyun Cho , Kilian Dekoninck , Jean-Francois Collet; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(3):317-329. Published online March 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00030-y

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Abstract

The global public health burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is intensified by Gram-negative bacteria, which have an additional membrane, the outer membrane (OM), outside of the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall. Bacterial twocomponent systems (TCSs) aid in maintaining envelope integrity through a phosphorylation cascade by controlling gene expression through sensor kinases and response regulators. In Escherichia coli, the major TCSs defending cells from envelope stress and adaptation are Rcs and Cpx, which are aided by OM lipoproteins RcsF and NlpE as sensors, respectively. In this review, we focus on these two OM sensors. β-Barrel assembly machinery (BAM) inserts transmembrane OM proteins (OMPs) into the OM. BAM co-assembles RcsF, the Rcs sensor, with OMPs, forming the RcsF-OMP complex. Researchers have presented two models for stress sensing in the Rcs pathway. The first model suggests that LPS perturbation stress disassembles the RcsF-OMP complex, freeing RcsF to activate Rcs. The second model proposes that BAM cannot assemble RcsF into OMPs when the OM or PG is under specific stresses, and thus, the unassembled RcsF activates Rcs. These two models may not be mutually exclusive. Here, we evaluate these two models critically in order to elucidate the stress sensing mechanism. NlpE, the Cpx sensor, has an N-terminal (NTD) and a C-terminal domain (CTD). A defect in lipoprotein trafficking
results
in NlpE retention in the inner membrane, provoking the Cpx response. Signaling requires the NlpE NTD, but not the NlpE CTD; however, OM-anchored NlpE senses adherence to a hydrophobic surface, with the NlpE CTD playing a key role in this function.

Citations

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Metal-based antimicrobial agents in wound Dressings: Infection management and the challenge of antibiotic resistance
Haoyang Peng, Deqiao Dong, Shiquan Feng, Yueping Guo, Jiaqi Yu, Changran Gan, Xue Hu, Zhenmao Qin, Yan Liu, Yanan Gao
Chemical Engineering Journal.2025; 507: 160726. CrossRef
Transcriptome reveals the role of the htpG gene in mediating antibiotic resistance through cell envelope modulation in Vibrio mimicus SCCF01
Zhenyang Qin, Kun Peng, Yang Feng, Yilin Wang, Bowen Huang, Ziqi Tian, Ping Ouyang, Xiaoli Huang, Defang Chen, Weimin Lai, Yi Geng
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Rcs signal transduction system in Escherichia coli: Composition, related functions, regulatory mechanism, and applications
Zeyu Li, Yingying Zhu, Wenli Zhang, Wanmeng Mu
Microbiological Research.2024; 285: 127783. CrossRef
Identification of genes used by Escherichia coli to mitigate climatic stress conditions
Styliani Roufou, Sholeem Griffin, Lydia Katsini, Monika Polańska, Jan F.M. Van Impe, Panagiotis Alexiou, Vasilis P. Valdramidis
Gene Reports.2024; 36: 101998. CrossRef
The Role of Propionate-Induced Rearrangement of Membrane Proteins in the Formation of the Virulent Phenotype of Crohn’s Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli
Olga V. Pobeguts, Maria A. Galyamina, Elena V. Mikhalchik, Sergey I. Kovalchuk, Igor P. Smirnov, Alena V. Lee, Lyubov Yu. Filatova, Kirill V. Sikamov, Oleg M. Panasenko, Alexey Yu. Gorbachev
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(18): 10118. CrossRef
CpxAR two-component system contributes to virulence properties of Cronobacter sakazakii
Tong Jin, Xiangjun Zhan, Liuxin Pang, Bo Peng, Xinpeng Zhang, Wenxiu Zhu, Baowei Yang, Xiaodong Xia
Food Microbiology.2024; 117: 104393. CrossRef
Breaking Barriers: Exploiting Envelope Biogenesis and Stress Responses to Develop Novel Antimicrobial Strategies in Gram-Negative Bacteria
Renu Bisht, Pierre D. Charlesworth, Paola Sperandeo, Alessandra Polissi
Pathogens.2024; 13(10): 889. CrossRef
The protective role of potassium in the adaptation of Pseudomonas protegens SN15-2 to hyperosmotic stress
Jian Wang, Yaping Wang, Shouquan Lu, Haibo Lou, XiaoBing Wang, Wei Wang
Microbiological Research.2024; 289: 127887. CrossRef
Bacterial Regulatory Mechanisms for the Control of Cellular Processes: Simple Organisms’ Complex Regulation
Jin-Won Lee
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(3): 273. CrossRef
Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses of Escherichia coli Serotype O157:H7 in Response to Rhamnolipid Treatment
Shuo Yang, Lan Ma, Xiaoqing Xu, Qing Peng, Huiying Zhong, Yuxin Gong, Linbo Shi, Mengxin He, Bo Shi, Yu Qiao
Microorganisms.2023; 11(8): 2112. CrossRef

Journal Articles

The periplasmic chaperone protein Psg_2795 contributes to the virulence of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea: the causal agent of bacterial blight of soybean: Xiuhua Wang , Xiaoyan Zhang , Bao-Hui Lu , Jie Gao; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(5):478-487. Published online March 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1469-5

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Abstract

Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea (Psg, also named P. syringae pv. glycinea and P. amygdali pv. glycinea) is the causative agent of bacterial blight in soybean. The identification of virulence factors is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of Psg. In this study, a mini-Tn5 transposon mutant library of Psg strain PsgNC12 was screened on soybean, and one low-virulent mini-Tn5 mutant, designated as 4573, was identified. Sequence analysis of the 4573-mutant revealed that the mini-Tn5 transposon was inserted in the Psg_2795 gene. Psg_2795 encodes a FimC-domain protein that is highly conserved in Pseudomonas. Further analysis revealed that the mutation and knockout of Psg_2795 results in a reduced virulence phenotype on soybean, decreased motility, weakened bacterial attachment to a glass surface and delayed the population growth within soybean leaves. The phenotype of the 4573-mutant could be complemented nearly to wild-type levels using an intact Psg_2795 gene. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Psg_2795 plays an important role in the virulence, motility, attachment and the population growth of PsgNC12 in soybean. This finding provides a new insight into the function of periplasmic chaperone proteins in a type I pilus and provides reference information for identifying Psg_2795 homologues in P. savastanoi and other bacteria.

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Vt35 antitoxin plays a central regulatory role in virulence of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea on soybean
Viet Tru Nguyen, Nanami Sakata, Takako Ishiga, Giyu Usuki, Yoshiteru Hashimoto, Yasuhiro Ishiga
Journal of General Plant Pathology.2023; 89(4): 211. CrossRef

Meiotic prophase roles of Pds5 in recombination and chromosome condensation in budding yeast: Jeong Hwan Joo , Hyun Ah Kang , Keun Pil Kim , Soogil Hong; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(2):177-186. Published online February 1, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1635-9

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Abstract

Genetic variation in eukaryotes is mediated during meiosis by the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes to produce recombinant chromosomes. Cohesin is essential to promote proper chromosome segregation, chromosome morphogenesis, and recombination in meiotic cells. Cohesin consists of three main subunits–Smc1, Smc3, and the kleisin subunit Mcd1/Scc1 (Rec8 in meiosis)–and cohesin accessory factors. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cohesin regulatory subunit Pds5 plays a role in homolog pairing, meiotic axis formation, and interhomolog recombination. In this study, we examine the prophase functions of Pds5 by performing physical analysis of recombination and three-dimensional high-resolution microscopy analysis to identify its roles in meiosis-specific recombination and chromosome morphogenesis. To investigate whether Pds5 plays a role in mitoticlike recombination, we inhibited Mek1 kinase activity, which
result
ed in switching to sister template bias by Rad51-dependent recombination. Reductions in double-strand breaks and crossover products and defective interhomolog recombination occurred in the absence of Pds5. Furthermore, recombination intermediates, including single-end invasion and double-Holliday junction, were reduced in the absence of Pds5 with Mek1 kinase inactivation compared to Mek1 kinase inactivation cells. Interestingly, the absence of Pds5
result
ed in increasing numbers of chromosomes with hypercompaction of the chromosome axis. Thus, we suggest that Pds5 plays an essential role in recombination by suppressing the pairing of sister chromatids and abnormal compaction of the chromosome axis.

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RPA interacts with Rad52 to promote meiotic crossover and noncrossover recombination
Jeong H Joo, Soogil Hong, Mika T Higashide, Eui-Hwan Choi, Seobin Yoon, Min-Su Lee, Hyun Ah Kang, Akira Shinohara, Nancy Kleckner, Keun P Kim
Nucleic Acids Research.2024; 52(7): 3794. CrossRef
Cohesin is required for meiotic spindle assembly independent of its role in cohesion in C. elegans
Karen P. McNally, Elizabeth A. Beath, Brennan M. Danlasky, Consuelo Barroso, Ting Gong, Wenzhe Li, Enrique Martinez-Perez, Francis J. McNally, Sarit Smolikove
PLOS Genetics.2022; 18(10): e1010136. CrossRef
Yeast polyubiquitin unit regulates synaptonemal complex formation and recombination during meiosis
Min-Kyung Jo, Kiwon Rhee, Keun Pil Kim, Soogil Hong
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(7): 705. CrossRef

Review

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus vaccine development: updating clinical studies using platform technologies: Jung-ah Choi , Jae-Ouk Kim; J. Microbiol. 2022;60(3):238-246. Published online January 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-022-1547-8

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Abstract

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a contagious zoonotic virus, causes severe respiratory infection with a case fatality rate of approximately 35% in humans. Intermittent sporadic cases in communities and healthcare facility outbreaks have continued to occur since its first identification in 2012. The World Health Organization has declared MERS-CoV a priority pathogen for worldwide research and vaccine development due to its epidemic potential and the insufficient countermeasures available. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations is supporting vaccine development against emerging diseases, including MERS-CoV, based on platform technologies using DNA, mRNA, viral vector, and protein subunit vaccines. In this paper, we review the usefulness and structure of a spike glycoprotein as a MERSCoV vaccine candidate molecule, and provide an update on the status of MERS-CoV vaccine development. Vaccine candidates based on both DNA and viral vectors coding MERSCoV spike gene have completed early phase clinical trials. A harmonized approach is required to assess the immunogenicity of various candidate vaccine platforms. Platform technologies accelerated COVID-19 vaccine development and can also be applied to developing vaccines against other emerging viral diseases.

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Structure-Guided Design of Potent Coronavirus Inhibitors with a 2-Pyrrolidone Scaffold: Biochemical, Crystallographic, and Virological Studies
Chamandi S. Dampalla, Yunjeong Kim, Alexandria Zabiegala, Dennis J. Howard, Harry Nhat Nguyen, Trent K. Madden, Hayden A. Thurman, Anne Cooper, Lijun Liu, Kevin P. Battaile, Scott Lovell, Kyeong-Ok Chang, William C. Groutas
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2024; 67(14): 11937. CrossRef
Role of vaccination in patients with human monkeypox virus and its cardiovascular manifestations
Khawaja Usama Maqbool, Muhammad Talha Akhtar, Shayan Ayub, FNU Simran, Jahanzeb Malik, Maria Malik, Rafia Zubair, Amin Mehmoodi
Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2024; 86(3): 1506. CrossRef
The many facets of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and its inhibitors in disorders of the CNS – a critical overview
Hans-Gert Bernstein, Gerburg Keilhoff, Henrik Dobrowolny, Johann Steiner
Reviews in the Neurosciences.2023; 34(1): 1. CrossRef
MERS-CoV recently re-emerged in Qatar, Saudi Arabia, its feasible global health risks amid FIFA world cup 2022 and salient counteracting strategies – an update
Hitesh Chopra, Md. Aminul Islam, Deepak Chandran, Talha B. Emran, Nahed A. El-Shall, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Kuldeep Dhama
International Journal of Surgery.2023; 109(2): 153. CrossRef
Two years of COVID-19 pandemic: where are we now?
Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(3): 235. CrossRef
Comparing the Immunogenicity and Protective Effects of Three MERS-CoV Inactivation Methods in Mice
Nayoung Kim, Tae-Young Lee, Hansaem Lee, Jeong-Sun Yang, Kyung-Chang Kim, Joo-Yeon Lee, Hyun-Joo Kim
Vaccines.2022; 10(11): 1843. CrossRef

Journal Articles

Effects of the loss of mismatch repair genes on single-strand annealing between divergent sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Ye-Seul Lim , Ju-Hee Choi , Kyu-Jin Ahn , Min-Ku Kim , Sung-Ho Bae; J. Microbiol. 2021;59(4):401-409. Published online March 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-021-1076-x

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Abstract: Eukaryotic genomes contain many duplicated genes closely located with each other, such as the hexose transporter (HXT) genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They can potentially recombine via single-strand annealing (SSA) pathway. SSA between highly divergent sequences generates heteroduplex DNA intermediates with many mismatches, which can be corrected by mismatch repair (MMR), resulting in recombinant sequences with a single junction point. In this report, we demonstrate that SSA between HXT1 and HXT4 genes in MMR-deficient yeast cells produces recombinant genes with multiple-junctions resulting from alternating HXT1 and HXT4 tracts. The mutations in MMR genes had differential effects on SSA frequencies; msh6Δ mutation significantly stimulated SSA events, whereas msh2Δ and msh3Δ slightly suppressed it. We set up an assay that can identify a pair of recombinant genes derived from a single heteroduplex DNA. As a result, the recombinant genes with multiple-junctions were found to accompany genes with single-junctions. Based on the results presented here, a model was proposed to generate multiple-junctions in SSA pathway involving an alternative short-patch repair system.

Omp16, a conserved peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein, is involved in Brucella virulence in vitro: Feijie Zhi , Dong Zhou , Junmei Li , Lulu Tian , Guangdong Zhang , Yaping Jin , Aihua Wang; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(9):793-804. Published online September 1, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0144-y

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Abstract

Brucella, the bacterial agent of common zoonotic brucellosis, primarily infects specific animal species. The Brucella outer membrane proteins (Omps) are particularly attractive for developing vaccine and improving diagnostic tests and are associated with the virulence of smooth Brucella strains. Omp16 is a homologue to peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins (Pals), and an omp16 mutant has not been generated in any Brucella strain until now. Very little is known about the functions and pathogenic mechanisms of Omp16 in Brucella. Here, we confirmed that Omp16 has a conserved Pal domain and is highly conserved in Brucella. We attempted to delete omp16 in Brucella suis vaccine strain 2 (B. suis S2) without success, which shows that Omp16 is vital for Brucella survival. We acquired a B. suis S2 Omp16 mutant via conditional complementation. Omp16 deficiency impaired Brucella outer membrane integrity and activity in vitro. Moreover, inactivation of Omp16 decreased bacterial intracellular survival in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. B. suis S2 and its derivatives induced marked expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA in Raw 264.7 cells. Whereas inactivation of Omp16 in Brucella enhanced IL-1β and IL-6 expression in Raw 264.7 cells. Altogether, these findings show that the Brucella Omp16 mutant was obtained via conditional complementation and confirmed that Omp16 can maintain outer membrane integrity and be involved in bacterial virulence in Brucella in vitro and in vivo. These results will be important in uncovering the pathogenic mechanisms of Brucella.

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Neurobrucellosis (Brucella ceti) in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba): Immunohistochemical studies on immune response and neuroinflammation
Agustín Rebollada-Merino, Federica Giorda, Martí Pumarola, Laura Martino, Alberto Gomez-Buendia, Umberto Romani-Cremaschi, Cristina Casalone, Virginia Mattioda, Fabio Di Nocera, Giuseppe Lucifora, Antonio Petrella, Lucas Domínguez, Mariano Domingo, Carla
Veterinary Pathology.2025; 62(2): 226. CrossRef
Enhancing host defense against Brucella: The immune effect exerted by anti-OMP16 monoclonal antibody
Yunyi Zhai, Hui Wang, Kaihui Sun, Ye Yuan, Shurong Yin, Jiaoyang Fang, Weifang Zheng, Gaowa Wudong, Xiaofang Liu, Yuanhao Yang, Dong Zhou, Wei Liu, Yaping Jin, Aihua Wang
International Immunopharmacology.2025; 148: 114142. CrossRef
Brucella mediates autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis to escape host killing
Yaqiong Qin, Gengxu Zhou, Fengyuan Jiao, Chuan Cheng, Chi Meng, Lingjie Wang, Shengping Wu, Cailiang Fan, Jixiang Li, Bo Zhou, Yuefeng Chu, Hanwei Jiao
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Thermosensitive and Degradable Chitin-Based Hydrogel as a Brucellosis Vaccine Adjuvant
Ruibao Ju, Yanjing Lu, Zhiwen Jiang, Jinhua Chi, Shuo Wang, Wanshun Liu, Yanbo Yin, Baoqin Han
Polymers.2024; 16(19): 2815. CrossRef
The (p)ppGpp synthetase Rsh promotes rifampicin tolerant persister cell formation in Brucella abortus by regulating the type II toxin-antitoxin module mbcTA
Xiaofang Liu, Pingping Wang, Ningqiu Yuan, Yunyi Zhai, Yuanhao Yang, Mingyue Hao, Mingxing Zhang, Dong Zhou, Wei Liu, Yaping Jin, Aihua Wang
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Pal Affects the Proliferation in Macrophages and Virulence of Brucella, and as Mucosal Adjuvants, Provides an Effective Protection to Mice Against Salmonella Enteritidis
Yubin Chen, Yanfang Fu, Lingcong Kong, Fengjie Wang, Xiaowei Peng, Zhiqiang Zhang, Qiumei Shi, Qingmin Wu, Tonglei Wu
Current Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Clearance of bacteria from lymph nodes in sheep immunized with Brucella suis S2 vaccine is associated with M1 macrophage activation
Si Chen, Yuanyuan Chen, Zizhuo Jiao, Chengqiang Wang, Dantong Zhao, Yongbin Liu, Wenguang Zhang, Shihua Zhao, Bin Yang, Qinan Zhao, Shaoyin Fu, Xiaolong He, Qiaoling Chen, Churiga Man, Guoying Liu, Xuefeng Wei, Li Du, Fengyang Wang
Veterinary Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A Brucella Omp16 Conditional Deletion Strain Is Attenuated in BALB/c Mice
Feijie Zhi, Jiaoyang Fang, Weifang Zheng, Junmei Li, Guangdong Zhang, Dong Zhou, Yaping Jin, Aihua Wang
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2022; 32(1): 6. CrossRef
A designed peptide-based vaccine to combat Brucella melitensis, B. suis and B. abortus: Harnessing an epitope mapping and immunoinformatics approach
Hossein Tarrahimofrad, Javad Zamani, Michael R. Hamblin, Maryam Darvish, Hamed Mirzaei
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 155: 113557. CrossRef
A LysR Transcriptional Regulator Manipulates Macrophage Autophagy Flux During Brucella Infection
Lu Zhang, Siyuan Yu, Xinnuan Ning, Hui Fang, Jie Li, Feijie Zhi, Junmei Li, Dong Zhou, Aihua Wang, Yaping Jin
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Uncovering the Hidden Credentials ofBrucellaVirulence
R. Martin Roop, Ian S. Barton, Dariel Hopersberger, Daniel W. Martin
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals the Role of Omp16 in Brucella-Infected RAW264.7 Cells
Dong Zhou, Feijie Zhi, Jiaoyang Fang, Weifang Zheng, Junmei Li, Guangdong Zhang, Lei Chen, Yaping Jin, Aihua Wang
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Sequence analysis of the first B5 subgenogroup strain of enterovirus 71 isolated in Korea: Yu Jung Won , Lae Hyung Kang , Ah Ra Lee , Bomina Paik , Hyun Kim , Sung Geun Lee , Seung Won Park , Seung Jin Hong , Soon Young Paik; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(5):422-429. Published online March 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9539-z

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Abstract: Enterovirus A71 (EV71), the main etiological agent of handfoot- mouth disease (HFMD), circulates in many areas of the world and has caused large epidemics since 1997, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. In this study, we determined the full-genome sequence of CMC718, a newly isolated EV71 strain in Korea. The CMC718 genome was 7,415 nucleotides in length and was confirmed by whole-genome phylogenetic analysis to belong to the B5 genotype. In particular, CMC718 demonstrated maximum identity with strain M988 of the B5 genotype and numerous amino acid variants were detected in the 3D domain of the viral protein P3, which is consistent with the mutation pattern of a B5 strain isolated in 2012–2013. Comparison of the CMC718 sequence with other EV71 reference strains confirmed the relationship and genetic variation of CMC718. Our study was a full-genome sequence analysis of the first EV71 strain of the B5 genotype isolated in South Korea. This information will be a valuable reference for the development of methods for the detection of recombinant viruses, the tracking of infections, and the diagnosis of EV71.

Sutterella faecalis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces: Byeong Seob Oh , Ji-Sun Kim , Seung Yeob Yu , Seoung Woo Ryu , Seung-Hwan Park , Se Won Kang , Jam-Eon Park , Seung-Hyeon Choi , Kook-Il Han , Keun Chul Lee , Mi Kyung Eom , Min Kuk Suh , Han Sol Kim , Dong Ho Lee , Hyuk Yoon , Byung-Yong Kim , Je Hee Lee , Jung-Sook Lee , Ju Huck Lee; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(2):99-104. Published online January 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9396-9

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Abstract

An obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and coccobacilli-shaped bacterial strain, designated KGMB03119T, was isolated from human faeces from a Korean. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolate was a member of the genus Sutterella and most closely related to Sutterlla wadsworthensis KCTC 15691T (96.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The DNA G + C content of strain KGMB03119T was 58.3 mol% as determined from its whole genome sequence. Strain KGMB03119T was asaccharolytic, catalase-positive, oxidase- and urease-negative. Furthermore, the isolate was positive for alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, arginine arylamidase, alanine arylamidase, and glycine arylamidase. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of the isolate were C18:1ω9c and C16:0. Methylmenaquinone-5 (MMK-5, 100%) was the predominant isoprenoid quinone in the isolate. Based on the phylogenetic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain KGMB03119T represents a novel species, for which the name Sutterella faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGMB03119T (= KCTC 15823T = NBRC 114254T).

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Development of a neutralization assay based on the pseudotyped chikungunya virus of a Korean isolate: Woo-Chang Chung , Kwang Yeon Hwang , Suk-Jo Kang , Jae-Ouk Kim , Moon Jung Song; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(1):46-53. Published online November 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-9384-0

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The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to the Alphavirus genus of Togaviridae family and contains a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome. Infection by this virus mainly causes sudden high fever, rashes, headache, and severe joint pain that can last for several months or years. CHIKV, a mosquito- borne arbovirus, is considered a re-emerging pathogen that has become one of the most pressing global health concerns due to a rapid increase in epidemics. Because handling of CHIKV is restricted to Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) facilities, the evaluation of prophylactic vaccines or antivirals has been substantially hampered. In this study, we first identified the whole structural polyprotein sequence of a CHIKV strain isolated in South Korea (KNIH/2009/77). Phylogenetic analysis showed that this sequence clustered within the East/ Central/South African CHIKV genotype. Using this sequence information, we constructed a CHIKV-pseudotyped lentivirus expressing the structural polyprotein of the Korean CHIKV isolate (CHIKVpseudo) and dual reporter genes of green fluorescence protein and luciferase. We then developed a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay (PBNA) using CHIKVpseudo. Results from this assay compared to those from the conventional plaque reduction neutralization test showed that our PBNA was a reliable and rapid method to evaluate the efficacy of neutralizing antibodies. More importantly, the neutralizing activities of human sera from CHIKVinfected individuals were quantitated by PBNA using CHIKVpseudo. Taken together, these results suggest that our PBNA for CHIKV may serve as a useful and safe method for testing the neutralizing activity of antibodies against CHIKV in BSL-2 facilities.

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Anaerotignum faecicola sp. nov., isolated from human faeces: Seung-Hyeon Choi , Ji-Sun Kim , Jam-Eon Park , Keun Chul Lee , Mi Kyung Eom , Byeong Seob Oh , Seung Yeob Yu , Se Won Kang , Kook-Il Han , Min Kuk Suh , Dong Ho Lee , Hyuk Yoon , Byung-Yong Kim , Je Hee Lee , Ju Huck Lee , Jung-Sook Lee , Seung-Hwan Park; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(12):1073-1078. Published online November 4, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9268-3

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A strictly anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain KGMB- 03357T, was isolated from the faeces of a healthy Korean selected by Bundang Seoul National University based on health status. Cells of strain KGMB03357T are Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and observed as straight or curved rods. The isolate grew at 10–45°C (optimum temperature of 40°C) and a pH range of 5.1–10.5 (optimum pH of 6.8). Analysis of phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KGMB03357T forms a lineage within the genus Anaerotignum, and is most closely related to Anaerotignum lactatifermentans G17T (= KCTC 15066T, 96.1%), Anaerotignum propionicum DSM 1682T (= KCTC 5582T, 94.9%), Anaerotignum neopropionicum DSM 03847T (= KCTC 15564T, 94.9%), and Anaerotignum aminivorans SH021T (= KCTC 15705T, 94.8%). The ANI values between strain KGMB 03357T and members of the genus Anaerotignum were 73.3–71.0%, which are below the ANI criterion for interspecies identity. The DNA G + C content based on the whole-genome sequence is 47.3 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids of strain KGMB03357T are C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 cis 9, and anteiso-C15:0. Strain KGMB03357T contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomic properties, strain KGMB 03357T represents a novel species of the genus Anaerotignum, for which the name Anaerotignum faecicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KGMB03357T (= KCTC 15736T = DSM 107953T).

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