Journal of Microbiology

Full articles

Exploring the biosynthetic potential of Korean Actinobacteria for antibacterial metabolite discovery: Sehong Park, Hyun-Woo Je, Yujin Cha, Boncheol Gu, Yeojeong Cho, Jin-Il Kim, Ji Won Seo, Seung Bum Kim, Jino Son, Moonsuk Hur, Changmin Sung, Min-Kyu Oh, Hahk-Soo Kang; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(9):e2504002. Published online September 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2504002

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Actinobacteria, a phylum of Gram-positive bacteria, are renowned for their remarkable ability to produce antibacterial natural products. The National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) of Korea maintains a collection of Korean native actinobacteria. In this study, we explored the phylogenetic and biosynthetic diversity of the NIBR actinobacteria collection to assess its potential as a source of new antibacterial natural products. A 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis revealed a high level of genetic diversity within the collection, with a predominance of Streptomyces, along with rare actinobacterial genera such as Kitasatospora and Micromonospora. Additionally, genetic network analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from 15 sequenced NIBR actinobacterial strains demonstrated extensive BGC diversity, with many clusters identified as cryptic. Screening of culture extracts for antibacterial activity, followed by dereplication of active extracts, suggested the presence of potentially novel antibacterial natural products. Activity-guided isolation and whole-genome sequencing of the active strain KU57 led to the isolation of one new and three known svetamycin congeners along with their BGC. Overall, our findings highlight the NIBR actinobacteria collection as a valuable source for the discovery of new antibacterial natural products.

Rubrivirga aquatilis sp. nov. and Rubrivirga halophila sp. nov., isolated from Korean coastal surface seawater: Jisoo Han, Yeonjung Lim, Mirae Kim, Jang-Cheon Cho; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(8):e2504017. Published online August 13, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2504017

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Two Gram-stain-negative, obligately aerobic, non-motile, short rod-shaped bacteria, designated IMCC43871^T and IMCC45206^T, were isolated from coastal surface seawater collected from the Yellow Sea and the South Sea of Korea, respectively. The two strains shared 99.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and exhibited ≤ 98.4% similarity to three described Rubrivirga species. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between IMCC43871^T and IMCC45206^T were 88.5% and 36.3%, respectively, confirming that they represent two distinct species. Their ANI (≤ 77.7%) and dDDH (≤ 21.4%) values relative to the type strains of the genus Rubrivirga further supported the recognition of strains IMCC43871^T and IMCC45206^T as two novel species within the genus. The complete genomes of IMCC43871^T (4.17 Mb, 71.8% G + C content) and IMCC45206^T (4.17 Mb, 72.8% G + C content) fall within the known genomic range of the genus. Cellular fatty acid, quinone, and polar lipid profiles were consistent with the chemotaxonomic features of the genus Rubrivirga, supporting their affiliation with the genus. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic evidence, strains IMCC43871^T and IMCC45206^T are proposed as two novel species, Rubrivirga aquatilis sp. nov. and Rubrivirga halophila sp. nov., respectively. The type strains are IMCC43871^T (= KCTC 102072^T = NBRC 116463^T) and IMCC45206^T (= KCTC 92925^T = NBRC 116172^T = CCTCC AB 2023136^T).

Review

Small regulatory RNAs as key modulators of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria: Yubin Yang, Hana Hyeon, Minju Joo, Kangseok Lee, Eunkyoung Shin; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(4):e2501027. Published online April 2, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2501027

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Abstract PDF

The escalating antibiotic resistance crisis poses a significant challenge to global public health, threatening the efficacy of current treatments and driving the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. Among the various factors associated with bacterial antibiotic resistance, small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) have emerged as pivotal post-transcriptional regulators which orchestrate bacterial adaptation to antibiotic pressure via diverse mechanisms. This review consolidates the current knowledge on sRNA-mediated mechanisms, focusing on drug uptake, drug efflux systems, lipopolysaccharides, cell wall modification, biofilm formation, and mutagenesis. Recent advances in transcriptomics and functional analyses have revealed novel sRNAs and their regulatory networks, expanding our understanding of resistance mechanisms. These findings highlight the potential of targeting sRNA-mediated pathways as an innovative therapeutic strategy to combat antibiotic resistance, and offer promising avenues for managing challenging bacterial infections.

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Biofilm, resistance, and quorum sensing: The triple threat in bacterial pathogenesis
Mohammad Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan
The Microbe.2025; 9: 100578. CrossRef
Biofilm maturation in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is regulated by the sRNA PA213 and its corresponding encoded small protein
Yongli Song, Jie Li, Yating Zhang, Lingge Su, Shuang Qin, Chunyan Wu, Guibo Song
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents.2025; 66(6): 107625. CrossRef

Research Articles

Single nucleotide genome recognition and selective bacterial lysis using synthetic phages loaded with CRISPR-Cas12f1-truncated sgRNA: Ho Joung Lee, Song Hee Jeong, Sang Jun Lee; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(2):e2501012. Published online February 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2501012

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Phage specificity primarily relies on host cell-surface receptors. However, integrating cas genes and guide RNAs into phage genomes could enhance their target specificity and regulatory effects. In this study, we developed a CRISPR-Cas12f1 system-equipped bacteriophage λ model capable of detecting Escherichia coli target genes. We demonstrated that synthetic λ phages carrying Cas12f1-sgRNA can effectively prevent lysogen formation. Furthermore, we showcased that truncating the 3'-end of sgRNA enables precise identification of single-nucleotide variations in the host genome. Moreover, infecting E. coli strains carrying various stx2 gene subtypes encoding Shiga toxin with bacteriophages harboring Cas12f1 and truncated sgRNAs resulted in the targeted elimination of strains with matching subtype genes. These findings underscore the ability of phages equipped with the CRISPR-Cas12f1 system to precisely control microbial hosts by recognizing genomic sequences with high resolution.

Comprehensive genomic and functional analysis of Leuconostoc lactic acid bacteria in alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism: Joo-Han Gwak, Yun Ji Choi, Hina Ayub, Min Kyeong Seol, Hongik Kim, Man-Young Jung; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(2):e2410026. Published online February 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2410026

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Alcohol consumption can lead to the accumulation of harmful metabolites, such as acetaldehyde, contributing to various adverse health effects, including hangovers and liver damage. This study presents a comprehensive genomic and functional analysis of Leuconostoc suionicum VITA-PB2, a lactic acid bacterial strain isolated from kimchi, to elucidate its role in enhancing alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism. Genomic characterization revealed key genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), providing insights into the metabolic capabilities of strain VITA-PB2. Phylogenomic analyses confirmed its taxonomic classification and genetic similarity to other Leuconostoc species. Functional validation through in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated superior ethanol and acetaldehyde decomposition abilities of strain VITA-PB2, with significant reductions in blood ethanol and acetaldehyde levels observed in rats administered with the strain. Further analysis indicated that while hepatic ADH activity did not significantly increase; however, ALDH expression was elevated. This suggests that the microbial ADH of strain VITA-PB2 contributed to ethanol breakdown, while both microbial and host ALDH facilitated acetaldehyde detoxification. These findings highlight the potential of strain VITA-PB2 as a functional probiotic for mitigating the toxic effects of alcohol consumption.

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Microorganisms: The Key Regulators of Wine Quality
Hechao Zhao, Shiyuan Liu, Lixian Zhu, Yanhua Wang
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of Probiotic VITA-PB2 from Fermented Foods on Alcohol Consumption and Hangover Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Chaodeng Mo, Johny Bajgai, Md. Habibur Rahman, Sofian Abdul-Nasir, Hui Ma, Thu Thao Pham, Haiyang Zhang, Buchan Cao, Seong Hoon Goh, Bomi Kim, Hongik Kim, Min Kyeong Seol, Young Geon Yu, Cheol-Su Kim, Kyu-Jae Lee, Seung-Taek Lim
Nutrients.2025; 17(14): 2276. CrossRef

Review

Extensive Genomic Rearrangement of Catalase-Less Cyanobloom-Forming Microcystis aeruginosa in Freshwater Ecosystems: Minkyung Kim, Jaejoon Jung, Wonjae Kim, Yerim Park, Che Ok Jeon, Woojun Park; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(11):933-950. Published online October 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00172-7

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Abstract PDF

Many of the world's freshwater ecosystems suffer from cyanobacteria-mediated blooms and their toxins. However, a mechanistic understanding of why and how Microcystis aeruginosa dominates over other freshwater cyanobacteria during warmer summers is lacking. This paper utilizes comparative genomics with other cyanobacteria and literature reviews to predict the gene functions and genomic architectures of M. aeruginosa based on complete genomes. The primary aim is to understand this species' survival and competitive strategies in warmer freshwater environments. M. aeruginosa strains exhibiting a high proportion of insertion sequences (~ 11%) possess genomic structures with low synteny across different strains. This indicates the occurrence of extensive genomic rearrangements and the presence of many possible diverse genotypes that result in greater population heterogeneities than those in other cyanobacteria in order to increase survivability during rapidly changing and threatening environmental challenges. Catalase-less M. aeruginosa strains are even vulnerable to low light intensity in freshwater environments with strong ultraviolet radiation. However, they can continuously grow with the help of various defense genes (e.g., egtBD, cruA, and mysABCD) and associated bacteria. The strong defense strategies against biological threats (e.g., antagonistic bacteria, protozoa, and cyanophages) are attributed to dense exopolysaccharide (EPS)-mediated aggregate formation with efficient buoyancy and the secondary metabolites of M. aeruginosa cells. Our review with extensive genome analysis suggests that the ecological vulnerability of M. aeruginosa cells can be overcome by diverse genotypes, secondary defense metabolites, reinforced EPS, and associated bacteria.

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Cyanophage Infections in a Sponge Intracellular Cyanobacterial Symbiont
Tzipora Peretz, Esther Cattan‐Tsaushu, Chiara Conti, Benyamin Rosental, Laura Steindler, Sarit Avrani
Environmental Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Public goods-mediated bacterial interplay in aquatic ecosystems
Yerim Park, Wonjae Kim, Jihye Bae, Woojun Park
Water Research.2025; 287: 124310. CrossRef

Journal Article

Environmental Adaptability and Roles in Ammonia Oxidation of Aerobic Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms in the Surface Sediments of East China Sea: Wenhui Li, Yu Zhen, Yuhong Yang, Daling Wang, Hui He; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(10):845-858. Published online August 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00166-5

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Abstract PDF

This study investigated the community characteristics and environmental influencing factors of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the surface sediments of the East China Sea. The research found no consistent pattern in the richness and diversity of AOA and AOB with respect to the distance from the shore, indicating a complex interplay of factors. The expression levels of AOA amoA gene and AOB amoA gene in the surface sediments of the East China Sea ranged from 4.49 × 10² to 2.17 × 10⁶ copies per gram of sediment and from 6.6 × 10¹ to 7.65 × 10⁴ copies per gram of sediment, respectively. Salinity (31.77 to 34.53 PSU) and nitrate concentration (1.51 to 10.12 μmol/L) were identified as key environmental factors significantly affecting the AOA community, while salinity and temperature (13.71 to 19.50 °C) were crucial for the AOB community. The study also found that AOA, dominated by the Nitrosopumilaceae family, exhibited higher gene expression levels than AOB, suggesting a more significant role in ammonia oxidation. The expression of AOB was sensitive to multiple environmental factors, indicating a responsive role in nitrogen cycles and ecosystem health. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the biogeochemical processes and ecological roles of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in marine sediments.

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Metabolism diversification of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria under different precipitation gradients and land legacies
Soumyadev Sarkar, Anna Kazarina, Paige M. Hansen, Kaitlyn Ward, Christopher Hargreaves, Nicholas Reese, Qinghong Ran, Willow Kessler, Ligia F.T. de Souza, Terry D. Loecke, Marcos V.M. Sarto, Charles W. Rice, Lydia H. Zeglin, Benjamin A. Sikes, Sonny T.M.
Applied Soil Ecology.2025; 206: 105831. CrossRef
Genetic and transcriptional profiles of ammonia oxidizing communities in Bohai sediments: abundance, activity, and environmental correlations
Yining Jiang, Xue Lou, Mingyang Wang, Minggang Zheng, Zhiyao Wang, Hui Chen
Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

Role of Rab GTPases in Bacteria Escaping from Vesicle Trafficking of Host Cells: Huiling Xu, Shengnan Wang, Xiaozhou Wang, Pu Zhang, Qi Zheng, ChangXi Qi, Xiaoting Liu, Muzi Li, Yongxia Liu, Jianzhu Liu; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(8):581-590. Published online August 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00162-9

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Abstract PDF

Most bacteria will use their toxins to interact with the host cell, causing damage to the cell and then escaping from it. When bacteria enter the cell, they will be transported via the endosomal pathway. Rab GTPases are involved in bacterial transport as major components of endosomes that bind to their downstream effector proteins. The bacteria manipulate some Rab GTPases, escape the cell, and get to survive. In this review, we will focus on summarizing the many processes of how bacteria manipulate Rab GTPases to control their escape.

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Rab5-mediated phagocytosis restricts Spiroplasma eriocheiris infection in crabs through a ubiquitination-dependent mechanism
Yubo Ma, Yu Yao, Xin Yin, Zhenyu Yu, Jing Yan, Yaqin Wang, Wei Gu, Xuguang Li, Jun Zhou, Qingguo Meng
Aquaculture.2025; 607: 742635. CrossRef

Journal Article

Cultivation of Diverse Novel Marine Bacteria from Deep Ocean Sediment Using Spent Culture Supernatant of Ca. Bathyarchaeia Enrichment: Sidra Erum Ishaq, Tariq Ahmad, Lewen Liang, Ruize Xie, Tiantian Yu, Yinzhao Wang, Fengping Wang; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(8):611-625. Published online July 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00145-w

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Abstract PDF

Most microorganisms resist pure cultivation under conventional laboratory conditions. One of the primary issues for this un-culturability is the absence of biologically produced growth-promoting factors in traditionally defined growth media. However, whether cultivating microbes by providing spent culture supernatant of pivotal microbes in the growth medium can be an effective approach to overcome this limitation is still an under-explored area of research. Here, we used the spent culture medium (SCM) method to isolate previously uncultivated marine bacteria and compared the efficiency of this method with the traditional cultivation (TC) method. In the SCM method, Ca. Bathyarchaeia-enriched supernatant (10%) was used along with recalcitrant organic substrates such as lignin, humic acid, and organic carbon mixture. Ca. Bathyarchaeia, a ubiquitous class of archaea, have the capacity to produce metabolites, making their spent culture supernatant a key source to recover new bacterial stains. Both cultivation methods resulted in the recovery of bacterial species from the phyla Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Actinomycetota, and Bacillota. However, our SCM approach also led to the recovery of species from rarely cultivated groups, such as Planctomycetota, Deinococcota, and Balneolota. In terms of the isolation of new taxa, the SCM method resulted in the cultivation of 80 potential new strains, including one at the family, 16 at the genus, and 63 at the species level, with a novelty ratio of ~ 35% (80/219). In contrast, the TC method allowed the isolation of ~ 10% (19/171) novel strains at species level only. These findings suggest that the SCM approach improved the cultivation of novel and diverse bacteria.

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Engineering the phycosphere: fundamental concepts and tools for the bottom-up design of microalgal-bacterial consortia
Austin Semple, Jagroop Pandhal
Applied Phycology.2025; 6(1): 21. CrossRef
Darkness to Discovery: A Comprehensive Mini-Review on Culturable and Non-Culturable Microbial Diversity from Deep Sea
Abhay B. Fulke, Nilkanth Sharma, Jayshree Nadekar
Microbial Ecology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The bacterial community of the freshwater bryozoan Cristatella Mucedo and its secondary metabolites production potential
Inmaculada Tocino-Márquez, Martin Zehl, Joana Séneca, Petra Pjevac, Manuel Felkl, Christian F. W. Becker, Alexander Loy, Thomas Rattei, Andrew N. Ostrovsky, Sergey B. Zotchev
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Uncertainty Analysis of Biogas Generation and Gas Hydrate Accumulations in the Baiyun Sag, South China Sea
Pibo Su, Jinqiang Liang, Huai Cheng, Yaoyao Lv, Wei Zhang, Zuofei Zhu
Microorganisms.2024; 13(1): 5. CrossRef

Review

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pandemic Viral Infections: Woosung Shim, Anjae Lee, Jung-Hyun Lee; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(6):419-427. Published online June 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00144-x

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Abstract PDF

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), of diverse origin and content, are membranous structures secreted by a broad range of cell types. Recent advances in molecular biology have highlighted the pivotal role of EVs in mediating intercellular communication, facilitated by their ability to transport a diverse range of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, DNA, RNA and metabolites. A striking feature of EVs is their ability to exert dual effects during viral infections, involving both proviral and antiviral effects. This review explores the dual roles of EVs, particularly in the context of pandemic viruses such as HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. On the one hand, EVs can enhance viral replication and exacerbate pathogenesis by transferring viral components to susceptible cells. On the other hand, they have intrinsic antiviral properties, including activation of immune responses and direct inhibition of viral infection. By exploring these contrasting functions, our review emphasizes the complexity of EV-mediated interactions in viral pathogenesis and highlights their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention. The insights obtained from investigating EVs in the context of HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 provide a deeper understanding of viral mechanisms and pathologies, and offer a new perspective on managing and mitigating the impact of these global health challenges.

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Differential Impact of Spike Protein Mutations on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Immune Evasion: Insights from Delta and Kappa Variants
Tae-Hun Kim, Sojung Bae, Jinjong Myoung
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2024; 34(12): 2506. CrossRef

Journal Article

Tubulysin Production by the Dead Cells of Archangium gephyra KYC5002: Seohui Park, Chaehyeon Park, Yujin Ka, Kyungyun Cho; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(6):463-471. Published online June 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00130-3

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Abstract PDF: Archangium gephyra KYC5002 produces tubulysins during the death phase. In this study, we aimed to determine whether dead cells produce tubulysins. Cells were cultured for three days until the verge of the death phase, disrupted via ultrasonication, incubated for 2 h, and examined for tubulysin production. Non-disrupted cells produced 0.14 mg/L of tubulysin A and 0.11 mg/L of tubulysin B. Notably, tubulysin A production was increased by 4.4-fold to 0.62 mg/L and that of tubulysin B was increased by 6.7-fold to 0.74 mg/L in the disrupted cells. The same increase in tubulysin production was observed when the cells were killed by adding hydrogen peroxide. However, when the enzymes were inactivated via heat treatment of the cultures at 65 °C for 30 min, no significant increase in tubulysin production due to cell death was observed. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of tubB mRNA revealed that the expression levels of tubulysin biosynthetic enzyme genes increased during the death phase compared to those during the vegetative growth phase. Our findings suggest that A. gephyra produces biosynthetic enzymes and subsequently uses them for tubulysin production in the cell death phase or during cell lysis by predators.

Review

Structural Insights into the Lipopolysaccharide Transport (Lpt) System as a Novel Antibiotic Target: Yurim Yoon, Saemee Song; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(4):261-275. Published online May 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00137-w

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Abstract PDF

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical component of the extracellular leaflet within the bacterial outer membrane, forming an effective physical barrier against environmental threats in Gram-negative bacteria. After LPS is synthesized and matured in the bacterial cytoplasm and the inner membrane (IM), LPS is inserted into the outer membrane (OM) through the ATP-driven LPS transport (Lpt) pathway, which is an energy-intensive process. A trans-envelope complex that contains seven Lpt proteins (LptA-LptG) is crucial for extracting LPS from the IM and transporting it across the periplasm to the OM. The last step in LPS transport involves the mediation of the LptDE complex, facilitating the insertion of LPS into the outer leaflet of the OM. As the Lpt system plays an essential role in maintaining the impermeability of the OM via LPS decoration, the interactions between these interconnected subunits, which are meticulously regulated, may be potential targets for the development of new antibiotics to combat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of current research concerning the structural interactions within the Lpt system and their implications to clarify the function and regulation of LPS transport in the overall process of OM biogenesis. Additionally, we explored studies on the development of therapeutic inhibitors of LPS transport, the factors that limit success, and future prospects.

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Boosting the Antimicrobial Activity of Quaternary Ammonium Photosensitizers by Janus‐Type AIE Luminogens
Dongyang Fan, Meng Li, Zipeng Shen, Ying Li, Jingjing Guo, Dong Wang, Ting Han, Ben Zhong Tang
Aggregate.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Functional Versatility of Vibrio cholerae Outer Membrane Proteins
Annabelle Mathieu-Denoncourt, Marylise Duperthuy
Applied Microbiology.2025; 5(3): 64. CrossRef

Journal Article

Autotrophy to Heterotrophy: Shift in Bacterial Functions During the Melt Season in Antarctic Cryoconite Holes: Aritri Sanyal, Runa Antony, Gautami Samui, Meloth Thamban; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(8):591-609. Published online May 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00140-1

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Abstract PDF

Microbes residing in cryoconite holes (debris, water, and nutrient-rich ecosystems) on the glacier surface actively participate in carbon and nutrient cycling. Not much is known about how these communities and their functions change during the summer melt-season when intense ablation and runoff alter the influx and outflux of nutrients and microbes. Here, we use high-throughput-amplicon sequencing, predictive metabolic tools and Phenotype MicroArray techniques to track changes in bacterial communities and functions in cryoconite holes in a coastal Antarctic site and the surrounding fjord, during the summer season. The bacterial diversity in cryoconite hole meltwater was predominantly composed of heterotrophs (Proteobacteria) throughout the season. The associated functional potentials were related to heterotrophic-assimilatory and -dissimilatory pathways. Autotrophic Cyanobacterial lineages dominated the debris community at the beginning and end of summer, while heterotrophic Bacteroidota- and Proteobacteria-related phyla increased during the peak melt period. Predictive functional analyses based on taxonomy show a shift from predominantly phototrophy-related functions to heterotrophic assimilatory pathways as the melt-season progressed. This shift from autotrophic to heterotrophic communities within cryoconite holes can affect carbon drawdown and nutrient liberation from the glacier surface during the summer. In addition, the flushing out and export of cryoconite hole communities to the fjord could influence the biogeochemical dynamics of the fjord ecosystem.

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Extensive Genomic Rearrangement of Catalase-Less Cyanobloom-Forming Microcystis aeruginosa in Freshwater Ecosystems
Minkyung Kim, Jaejoon Jung, Wonjae Kim, Yerim Park, Che Ok Jeon, Woojun Park
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(11): 933. CrossRef

Review

Biological and Chemical Approaches for Controlling Harmful Microcystis Blooms: Wonjae Kim, Yerim Park, Jaejoon Jung, Che Ok Jeon, Masanori Toyofuku, Jiyoung Lee, Woojun Park; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(3):249-260. Published online April 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00115-2

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Abstract PDF

The proliferation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa has become an increasingly serious problem in freshwater ecosystems due to climate change and eutrophication. Microcystis-blooms in freshwater generate compounds with unpleasant odors, reduce the levels of dissolved O₂, and excrete microcystins into aquatic ecosystems, potentially harming various organisms, including humans. Various chemical and biological approaches have thus been developed to mitigate the impact of the blooms, though issues such as secondary pollution and high economic costs have not been adequately addressed. Red clays and H₂O₂ are conventional treatment methods that have been employed worldwide for the mitigation of the blooms, while novel approaches, such as the use of plant or microbial metabolites and antagonistic bacteria, have also recently been proposed. Many of these methods rely on the generation of reactive oxygen species, the inhibition of photosynthesis, and/or the disruption of cellular membranes as their mechanisms of action, which may also negatively impact other freshwater microbiota. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms of anticyanobacterial chemicals and antagonistic bacteria remain unclear. This review thus discusses both conventional and innovative approaches for the management of M. aeruginosa in freshwater bodies.

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Strong inhibitory effects of Desmodesmus sp. on Microcystis blooms: Potential as a biological control agent in aquaculture
Bo Yang, Yuhua Li, Zihan Wang, Zhiguang Yue, Junqi Wen, Xueqin Zhao, Hu Zhang, Xianfeng Wang, Xiufen Wang, Man Zhang
Aquaculture Reports.2025; 40: 102579. CrossRef
Field-scale artificial floating islands reduces cyanotoxin from residential raw sewage treatment basin
Zhaozhe Chen, Jiyoung Lee, Molly Mills, Abigail Volk, Ozeas S. Costa
Ecological Engineering.2025; 212: 107543. CrossRef
HABS-BLOCKS© Inhibited Microcystis and Planktothrix and Reduced Microcystin Concentrations in a Lake Water Mesocosm Study
Cameron Gastaldo, Stephen Vesper
Microorganisms.2025; 13(5): 1074. CrossRef
Synergistic radical-mediated algal inactivation via FeMoS2/ZnO-persulfate visible-light photocatalysis
Yingjian Ma, Yuxuan Tian, Ning Ding, Hong Liu
Composites Part B: Engineering.2025; 305: 112740. CrossRef
Isolation of a Novel Streptomyces sp. TH05 with Potent Cyanocidal Effects on Microcystis aeruginosa
Xuhan Wang, Siqi Zhu, Shenchen Tao, Shaoyong Zhang, Ruijun Wang, Liqin Zhang
Toxins.2025; 17(7): 354. CrossRef
Public goods-mediated bacterial interplay in aquatic ecosystems
Yerim Park, Wonjae Kim, Jihye Bae, Woojun Park
Water Research.2025; 287: 124310. CrossRef
Molecular mechanisms underlying the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis defence against predation by flagellates
Yan Chen, Xiao Zhang, Xinyang Bai, Yonglan Xu, Hangzhou Xu, Li Li
Journal of Water Process Engineering.2025; 77: 108611. CrossRef
Utilizing allelopathy from the invasive plant Solidago canadensis to control Microcystis aeruginosa blooms: An integrated metabolomic and bioassay approach
Miao Wu, Huiyuan Liu, Jiaxin Shen, Zhaohui Xie, Siyuan Yang, Jiahui Guo, Yijiang Liu, Huiting Lian, Dingli Wang
Journal of Hazardous Materials.2025; 499: 140043. CrossRef
Artificial Intelligence-Based Microfluidic Platform for Detecting Contaminants in Water: A Review
Yihao Zhang, Jiaxuan Li, Yu Zhou, Xu Zhang, Xianhua Liu
Sensors.2024; 24(13): 4350. CrossRef
Alleviation of H2O2 toxicity by extracellular catalases in the phycosphere of Microcystis aeruginosa
Yerim Park, Wonjae Kim, Yeji Cha, Minkyung Kim, Woojun Park
Harmful Algae.2024; 137: 102680. CrossRef
Extensive Genomic Rearrangement of Catalase-Less Cyanobloom-Forming Microcystis aeruginosa in Freshwater Ecosystems
Minkyung Kim, Jaejoon Jung, Wonjae Kim, Yerim Park, Che Ok Jeon, Woojun Park
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(11): 933. CrossRef
Laboratory-Simulated Inhibitory Effects of the Floating-Bed Plants on Microcystis aeruginosa and Their Microbial Communities’ Responses to Microcystins
Shuwen Zhang, Yuanpu Sha, Yuanyuan Tang, Longjie Li, Feihu Wang, Jing Dong, Xuejun Li, Yunni Gao, Xiaofei Gao, Huatao Yuan, Jingxiao Zhang
Microorganisms.2024; 12(10): 2035. CrossRef
Host-Associated Microbiome
Woo Jun Sul
Journal of Microbiology.2024; 62(3): 135. CrossRef

Journal Article

Impact of Elevational Gradients and Chemical Parameters on Changes in Soil Bacterial Diversity Under Semiarid Mountain Region: Salman Khan , Chun Han , Awais Iqbal , Chao Guan , Changming Zhao; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(10):903-915. Published online November 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00085-x

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Abstract PDF: Elevation gradients, often regarded as “natural experiments or laboratories”, can be used to study changes in the distribution of microbial diversity related to changes in environmental conditions that typically occur over small geographical scales. We obtained bacterial sequences using MiSeq sequencing and clustered them into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The total number of reads obtained by the bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was 1,090,555, with an average of approximately 45,439 reads per sample collected from various elevations. The current study observed inconsistent bacterial diversity patterns in samples from the lowest to highest elevations. 983 OTUs were found common among all the elevations. The most unique OTUs were found in the soil sample from elevation_2, followed by elevation_1. Soil sample collected at elevation_6 had the least unique OTUs. Actinobacteria, Protobacteria, Chloroflexi were found most abundant bacterial phyla in current study. Ammonium nitrogen ( NH4 +-N), and total phosphate (TP) are the main factors influencing bacterial diversity at elevations_ 1. pH was the main factor influencing the bacterial diversity at elevations_2, elevation_3 and elevation_4. Our results provide new visions on forming and maintaining soil microbial diversity along an elevational gradient and have implications for microbial responses to environmental change in semiarid mountain ecosystems.

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