Journal of Microbiology

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Detection system− and strain−dependent diversity of de novo [PSI+] prion generation and phenotypes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Moonil Son; Received June 12, 2025 Accepted July 28, 2025 Published online September 18, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2506009 [Epub ahead of print]

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Abstract PDF: Yeast prion [PSI+], an amyloid form of the translation termination factor Sup35p/eRF3, causes translational stop codon readthrough by sequestering functional Sup35p. This unique phenotype may be analyzed via [PSI+]−suppressible nonsense alleles, and has greatly contributed to the advancement in yeast prion research. For comparing canonical reporters, like chromosomal ade1−14 or ade2−1, and plasmid-borne ura3−14, the de novo generation and characteristics of [PSI+] was investigated across common yeast laboratory strains (BY4741, 74D−694, and 779−6A). The results showed significant variability in [PSI+] induction frequency among strains. [PSI+] was successfully induced in BY4741 and frequently in 74D−694 (via Ade⁺ selection), but not in 779−6A. Notably, [PSI+] clones, even from identical genetic backgrounds, displayed vastly different nonsense suppression phenotypes depending on the reporter allele used; resulting in diverse growth patterns and suppression levels. Quantitative analyses revealed that prion seed counts fluctuated significantly based on the detection allele and observed phenotype. Furthermore, Sup35p aggregate visualization revealed distinct structural patterns between BY4741 and 74D−694, indicating strain-specific differences. Transferring [PIN+] prion variants from different strains into a common [psi−][pin−] background yielded similar [PSI+] inducibility and seed numbers, suggesting that the observed phenotypic and quantitative diversities of [PSI+] prions stem primarily from the interplay between the specific reporter detection system and the host strain's genetic background rather than solely from inherent differences in the initial [PIN+] prion or fundamental changes in the [PSI+] protein itself. This study underscores the crucial need to consider both the detection methodology and host genetic context for accurate prion variant characterization.

Reviews

Synthetic biology strategies for sustainable bioplastic production by yeasts: Huong-Giang Le, Yongjae Lee, Sun-Mi Lee; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(3):e2501022. Published online March 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2501022

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The increasing environmental concerns regarding conventional plastics have led to a growing demand for sustainable alternatives, such as biodegradable plastics. Yeast cell factories, specifically Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica, have emerged as promising platforms for bioplastic production due to their scalability, robustness, and ease of manipulation. This review highlights synthetic biology approaches aimed at developing yeast cell factories to produce key biodegradable plastics, including polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). We explore recent advancements in engineered yeast strains that utilize various synthetic biology strategies, such as the incorporation of new genetic elements at the gene, pathway, and cellular system levels. The combined efforts of metabolic engineering, protein engineering, and adaptive evolution have enhanced strain efficiency and maximized product yields. Additionally, this review addresses the importance of integrating computational tools and machine learning into the Design-Build-Test-Learn cycle for strain development. This integration aims to facilitate strain development while minimizing effort and maximizing performance. However, challenges remain in improving strain robustness and scaling up industrial production processes. By combining advanced synthetic biology techniques with computational approaches, yeast cell factories hold significant potential for the sustainable and scalable production of bioplastics, thus contributing to a greener bioeconomy.

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Advancing microbial engineering through synthetic biology
Ki Jun Jeong
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(3): e2503100. CrossRef

Harnessing organelle engineering to facilitate biofuels and biochemicals production in yeast: Phuong Hoang Nguyen Tran, Taek Soon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2025;63(3):e2501006. Published online March 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2501006

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Microbial biosynthesis using yeast species offers numerous advantages to produce industrially relevant biofuels and biochemicals. Conventional metabolic engineering approaches in yeast focus on biosynthetic pathways in the cytoplasm, but these approaches are disturbed by various undesired factors including metabolic crosstalk, competing pathways and insufficient precursors. Given that eukaryotic cells contain subcellular organelles with distinct physicochemical properties, an emerging strategy to overcome cytosolic pathway engineering bottlenecks is through repurposing these organelles as specialized microbial cell factories for enhanced production of valuable chemicals. Here, we review recent progress and significant outcomes of harnessing organelle engineering for biofuels and biochemicals production in both conventional and non-conventional yeasts. We highlight key engineering strategies for the compartmentalization of biosynthetic pathways within specific organelles such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum; involved in engineering of signal peptide, cofactor and energy enhancement, organelle biogenesis and dual subcellular engineering. Finally, we discuss the potential and challenges of organelle engineering for future studies and propose an automated pipeline to fully exploit this approach.

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Advancing microbial engineering through synthetic biology
Ki Jun Jeong
Journal of Microbiology.2025; 63(3): e2503100. CrossRef
Metabolic engineering strategies for constructing methylotrophic cell factories
Pei Zhou, Yang Sun, Yinbiao Xu, Yupeng Liu, Hua Li
Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Journal Article

Non-Mitochondrial Aconitase-2 Mediates the Transcription of Nuclear-Encoded Electron Transport Chain Genes in Fission Yeast: Ho-Jung Kim, Soo-Yeon Cho, Soo-Jin Jung, Yong-Jun Cho, Jung-Hye Roe, Kyoung-Dong Kim; J. Microbiol. 2024;62(8):639-648. Published online June 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-024-00147-8

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Abstract PDF: Aconitase-2 (Aco2) is present in the mitochondria, cytosol, and nucleus of fission yeast. To explore its function beyond the well-known role in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, we conducted genome-wide profiling using the aco2ΔNLS mutant, which lacks a nuclear localization signal (NLS). The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data showed a general downregulation of electron transport chain (ETC) genes in the aco2ΔNLS mutant, except for those in the complex II, leading to a growth defect in respiratory-prone media. Complementation analysis with non-catalytic Aco2 [aco2ΔNLS + aco2(3CS)], where three cysteines were substituted with serine, restored normal growth and typical ETC gene expression. This suggests that Aco2's catalytic activity is not essential for its role in ETC gene regulation. Our mRNA decay assay indicated that the decrease in ETC gene expression was due to transcriptional regulation rather than changes in mRNA stability. Additionally, we investigated the Php complex's role in ETC gene regulation and found that ETC genes, except those within complex II, were downregulated in php3Δ and php5Δ strains, similar to the aco2ΔNLS mutant. These findings highlight a novel role for nuclear aconitase in ETC gene regulation and suggest a potential connection between the Php complex and Aco2.

Review

Prions in Microbes: The Least in the Most: Moonil Son , Sia Han , Seyeon Lee; J. Microbiol. 2023;61(10):881-889. Published online September 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-023-00070-4

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Prions are infectious proteins that mostly replicate in self-propagating amyloid conformations (filamentous protein polymers) and consist of structurally altered normal soluble proteins. Prions can arise spontaneously in the cell without any clear reason and are generally considered fatal disease-causing agents that are only present in mammals. However, after the seminal discovery of two prions, [PSI+] and [URE3], in the eukaryotic model microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, at least ten more prions have been discovered, and their biological and pathological effects on the host, molecular structure, and the relationship between prions and cellular components have been studied. In a filamentous fungus model, Podospora anserina, a vegetative incomparability-related [Het-s] prion that directly triggers cell death during anastomosis (hyphal fusion) was discovered. These prions in eukaryotic microbes have extended our understanding to overcome most fatal human prion/amyloid diseases. A prokaryotic microorganism (Clostridium botulinum) was reported to have a prion analog. The transcriptional regulators of C. botulinum-Rho can be converted into the self-replicating prion form ([RHO-X-C+]), which may affect global transcription. Here, we outline the major issues with prions in microbes and the lessons learned from the relatively uncovered microbial prion world.

Citations

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Yeast Prions: Discovery, Nature, Cellular Manipulation and Implication
Moonil Son
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Story Between s and S: [Het-s] Prion of the Fungus Podospora anserina
Moonil Son
Mycobiology.2024; 52(2): 85. CrossRef

Journal Articles

Distinct gut microbiotas between southern elephant seals and Weddell seals of Antarctica: Mincheol Kim , Hyunjun Cho , Won Young Lee; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(12):1018-1026. Published online December 2, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0524-3

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The gut microbiome provides ecological information about host animals, but we still have limited knowledge of the gut microbiome, particularly for animals inhabiting remote locations, such as Antarctica. Here, we compared fecal microbiota between southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) and Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddelli), that are top predatory marine mammals in the Antarctic ecosystem, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and assessed the relationships of the gut microbial communities to functional profiles using gut metabolite analysis. The bacterial community did not differ significantly by host species or sex at the phylum level, but the distinction at the family level was obvious. The family Ruminococcaceae (Firmicutes) was more abundant in southern elephant seals than in Weddell seals, and the families Acidaminococcaceae (Firmicutes) and Pasteurellaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) were uniquely present in Weddell seals. The fecal bacterial community structure was distinctively clustered by host species, with only 6.7% of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) shared between host species. This result implies that host phylogeny rather than other factors, such as diet or age, could be the major driver of fecal microbiotic diversification. Interestingly, there was no apparent sex effect on bacterial community structure in Weddell seals, but the effect of sex was pronounced in adult southern elephant seals mainly due to the prevalence of Edwardsiella sp., suggesting that extreme sexual dimorphism may modulate the gut microbiota of southern elephant seals. Unlike the clear distinction in the taxonomic composition of fecal bacterial communities, there were no discernible differences in the profiles of potential microbial functions and gut metabolites between host species or sexes, indicating that functional redundancy dominates the gut microbiota of seals surveyed in this study.

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Roles of Dhh1 RNA helicase in yeast filamentous growth: Analysis of N-terminal phosphorylation residues and ATPase domains: Eunji Lee , Daehee Jung , Jinmi Kim; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(10):853-858. Published online September 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0431-7

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Abstract PDF

In yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Dhh1 protein, a member of the DEAD-box RNA helicase, stimulates Dcp2/Dcp1- mediated mRNA decapping and functions as a general translation repressor. Dhh1 also positively regulates translation of a selected set of mRNAs, including Ste12, a transcription factor for yeast mating and pseudohyphal growth. Given the diverse functions of Dhh1, we investigated whether the putative phosphorylation sites or the conserved motifs for the DEADbox RNA helicases were crucial in the regulatory roles of Dhh1 during pseudohyphal growth. Mutations in the ATPase A or B motif (DHH1-K96R or DHH1-D195A) showed significant defects in pseudohyphal colony morphology and agar invasive phenotypes. The N-terminal phospho-mimetic mutation, DHH1-T16E, showed defects in pseudohyphal phenotypes. Decreased levels of Ste12 protein were also observed in these pseudohyphal-defective mutant cells under filamentous- inducing low nitrogen conditions. We suggest that the ATPase motifs and the Thr16 phosphorylation site of Dhh1 are crucial to its regulatory roles in pseudohyphal growth under low nitrogen conditions.

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Biological implications of decapping: beyond bulk mRNA decay
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Omp16, a conserved peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein, is involved in Brucella virulence in vitro: Feijie Zhi , Dong Zhou , Junmei Li , Lulu Tian , Guangdong Zhang , Yaping Jin , Aihua Wang; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(9):793-804. Published online September 1, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0144-y

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Abstract PDF

Brucella, the bacterial agent of common zoonotic brucellosis, primarily infects specific animal species. The Brucella outer membrane proteins (Omps) are particularly attractive for developing vaccine and improving diagnostic tests and are associated with the virulence of smooth Brucella strains. Omp16 is a homologue to peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins (Pals), and an omp16 mutant has not been generated in any Brucella strain until now. Very little is known about the functions and pathogenic mechanisms of Omp16 in Brucella. Here, we confirmed that Omp16 has a conserved Pal domain and is highly conserved in Brucella. We attempted to delete omp16 in Brucella suis vaccine strain 2 (B. suis S2) without success, which shows that Omp16 is vital for Brucella survival. We acquired a B. suis S2 Omp16 mutant via conditional complementation. Omp16 deficiency impaired Brucella outer membrane integrity and activity in vitro. Moreover, inactivation of Omp16 decreased bacterial intracellular survival in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. B. suis S2 and its derivatives induced marked expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA in Raw 264.7 cells. Whereas inactivation of Omp16 in Brucella enhanced IL-1β and IL-6 expression in Raw 264.7 cells. Altogether, these findings show that the Brucella Omp16 mutant was obtained via conditional complementation and confirmed that Omp16 can maintain outer membrane integrity and be involved in bacterial virulence in Brucella in vitro and in vivo. These results will be important in uncovering the pathogenic mechanisms of Brucella.

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Reviews

The osmotic stress response operon betIBA is under the functional regulation of BetI and the quorum-sensing regulator AnoR in Acinetobacter nosocomialis: Bindu Subhadra , Surya Surendran , Bo Ra Lim , Jong Sung Yim , Dong Ho Kim , Kyungho Woo , Hwa-Jung Kim , Man Hwan Oh , Chul Hee Choi; J. Microbiol. 2020;58(6):519-529. Published online May 27, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-020-0186-1

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Abstract PDF

Adaptation to changing environmental conditions is crucial for the survival of microorganisms. Bacteria have evolved various mechanisms to cope with osmotic stress. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of the osmotic stress response operon, betIBA, in Acinetobacter nosocomialis. The betIBA operon encodes enzymes that are important for the conversion of choline to the osmoprotectant, glycine betaine. The betIBA operon is polycistronic and is under the regulation of the first gene, betI, of the same operon. A bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of a BetI-binding motif upstream of the betIBA operon, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed the specific binding of BetI. An mRNA expression analysis revealed that expression of betI, betB, and betA genes is elevated in a betIeletion mutant compared with the wild type, confirming that the autorepressor BetI represses the betIBA operon in A. nosocomialis. We further found that the betIBA operon is under the transcriptional control of the quorum-sensing (QS) regulator, AnoR in, A. nosocomialis. A subsequent analysis of the impact of BetI on expression of the QS genes, anoR and anoI, demonstrated that BetI acts as a repressor of anoR and anoI. In addition, it was noticed that the osmotic stress response regulator, OmpR might play an important role in controlling the expression of betIBA operon in A. nosocomialis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that QS and osmotic stress-response systems are correlated in A. nosocomialis and that the expression of genes in both systems is finely tuned by various feedback loops depending on osmolarity conditions.

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MINIREVIEW] Fungi in salterns: Dawoon Chung† , Haryun Kim† , Hyun Seok Choi; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(9):717-724. Published online August 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-9195-3

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Abstract PDF

Salterns are hypersaline extreme environments with unique physicochemical properties such as a salinity gradient. Although the investigation of microbiota in salterns has focused on archaea and bacteria, diverse fungi also thrive in the brine and soil of salterns. Fungi isolated from salterns are represented by black yeasts (Hortaea werneckii, Phaeotheca triangularis, Aureobasidium pullulans, and Trimmatostroma salinum), Cladosporium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium species. Most studies on saltern-derived fungi gave attention to black yeasts and their physiological characteristics, including growth under various culture conditions. Since then, biochemical and molecular tools have been employed to explore adaptation of these fungi to salt stress. Genome databases of several fungi in salterns are now publicly available and being used to elucidate salt tolerance mechanisms and discover the target genes for agricultural and industrial applications. Notably, the number of enzymes and novel metabolites known to be produced by diverse saltern-derived fungi has increased significantly. Therefore, fungi in salterns are not only interesting and important subjects to study fungal biodiversity and adaptive mechanisms in extreme environments, but also valuable bioresources with potential for biotechnological applications.

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[MINIREVIEW] The nature of meiotic chromosome dynamics and recombination in budding yeast: Soogil Hong , Jeong Hwan Joo , Hyeseon Yun , Keunpil Kim; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(4):221-231. Published online January 22, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8541-9

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Abstract PDF

During meiosis, crossing over allows for the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, enabling their segregation and leading to genetic variation in the resulting gametes. Spo11, a topoisomerase-like protein expressed in eukaryotes, and diverse accessory factors induce programmed doublestrand breaks (DSBs) to initiate meiotic recombination during the early phase of meiosis after DNA replication. DSBs are further repaired via meiosis-specific homologous recombination. Studies on budding yeast have provided insights into meiosis and genetic recombination and have improved our understanding of higher eukaryotic systems. Cohesin, a chromosome-associated multiprotein complex, mediates sister chromatid cohesion (SCC), and is conserved from yeast to humans. Diverse cohesin subunits in budding yeast have been identified in DNA metabolic pathways, such as DNA replication, chromosome segregation, recombination, DNA repair, and gene regulation. During cell cycle, SCC is established by multiple cohesin subunits, which physically bind sister chromatids together and modulate proteins that involve in the capturing and separation of sister chromatids. Cohesin components include at least four core subunits that establish and maintain SCC: two structural maintenance chromosome subunits (Smc1 and Smc3), an α-kleisin subunit (Mcd1/Scc1 during mitosis and Rec8 during meiosis), and Scc3/Irr1 (SA1 and SA2). In addition, the cohesin-associated factors Pds5 and Rad61 regulate structural modifications and cell cyclespecific dynamics of chromatin to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. In this review, we discuss SCC and the recombination pathway, as well as the relationship between the two processes in budding yeast, and we suggest a possible conserved mechanism for meiotic chromosome dynamics from yeast to humans.

Citations

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RPA interacts with Rad52 to promote meiotic crossover and noncrossover recombination
Jeong H Joo, Soogil Hong, Mika T Higashide, Eui-Hwan Choi, Seobin Yoon, Min-Su Lee, Hyun Ah Kang, Akira Shinohara, Nancy Kleckner, Keun P Kim
Nucleic Acids Research.2024; 52(7): 3794. CrossRef
Elevated expression of exogenous RAD51 enhances the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing efficiency
Seo Jung Park, Seobin Yoon, Eui-Hwan Choi, Hana Hyeon, Kangseok Lee, Keun Pil Kim
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A Method for Physical Analysis of Recombination Intermediates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Kiwon Rhee, Hyungseok Choi, Keun P. Kim, Jeong H. Joo
Journal of Microbiology.2023; 61(11): 939. CrossRef
The Kleisin Subunits of Cohesin Are Involved in the Fate Determination of Embryonic Stem Cells
Young Eun Koh, Eui-Hwan Choi, Jung-Woong Kim, Keun Pil Kim
Molecules and Cells.2022; 45(11): 820. CrossRef
Gametogenesis: Exploring an Endogenous Rejuvenation Program to Understand Cellular Aging and Quality Control
Tina L. Sing, Gloria A. Brar, Elçin Ünal
Annual Review of Genetics.2022; 56(1): 89. CrossRef
Yeast polyubiquitin unit regulates synaptonemal complex formation and recombination during meiosis
Min-Kyung Jo, Kiwon Rhee, Keun Pil Kim, Soogil Hong
Journal of Microbiology.2022; 60(7): 705. CrossRef
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Genome Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Meiotic prophase roles of Pds5 in recombination and chromosome condensation in budding yeast
Jeong Hwan Joo, Hyun Ah Kang, Keun Pil Kim, Soogil Hong
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The multiple roles of RAB GTPases in female and male meiosis
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The synaptonemal complex central region modulates crossover pathways and feedback control of meiotic double-strand break formation
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E2F1 facilitates DNA break repair by localizing to break sites and enhancing the expression of homologous recombination factors
Eui-Hwan Choi, Keun Pil Kim
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Recruitment of Rec8, Pds5 and Rad61/Wapl to meiotic homolog pairing, recombination, axis formation and S-phase
Soogil Hong, Jeong H Joo, Hyeseon Yun, Nancy Kleckner, Keun P Kim
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Journal Articles

Community structures and genomic features of undesirable white colony-forming yeasts on fermented vegetables: Joon Yong Kim , Juseok Kim , In-Tae Cha , Min Young Jung , Hye Seon Song , Yeon Bee Kim , Changsu Lee , Seung-Yeon Kang , Jin-Woo Bae , Yoon-E Choi , Tae-Woon Kim , Seong Woon Roh; J. Microbiol. 2019;57(1):30-37. Published online October 25, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-019-8487-y

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White colony-forming yeasts (WCFYs) often appear in fermented foods, depending on the storage method. Despite the ongoing research on fermented foods, the community and genome features of WCFYs have not been well studied. In this study, the community structures of WCFYs on fermented vegetables (kimchi) prepared with various raw materials were investigated using deep sequencing. Only eight operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, indicating that the community structure of WCFYs on kimchi is very simple. The five most abundant OTUs represented Pichia kluyveri, Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida sake, Hanseniaspora uvarum, and Kazachstania servazzii. Using a culture-dependent
method
, 41 strains representing the five major OTUs were isolated from the surface of the food samples. Whole genomes of the five major yeast strains were sequenced and annotated. The total genome length for the strains ranged from 8.97 Mbp to 21.32 Mbp. This is the first study to report genome sequences of the two yeasts Pichia kluyveri and Candida sake. Genome analysis indicated that each yeast strain had core metabolic pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation; purine metabolism; glycolysis/gluconeogenesis; aminoacyl- tRNA biosynthesis; citrate cycle; but strain specific pathways were also found. In addition, no toxin or antimicrobial resistance genes were identified. Our study provides genome information for five WCFY strains that may highlight their potential beneficial or harmful metabolic effects in fermented vegetables.

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Food Science and Biotechnology.2025; 34(4): 1001. CrossRef
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Chang Hee Jeong, Joon Yong Kim, Young Joon Oh, Hye In Ko, Seong Woon Roh, Sung Wook Hong, Hyuk Cheol Kwon, Sung Gu Han, Tae Woon Kim
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[PROTOCOL] Structural analysis of N-/O-glycans assembled on proteins in yeasts: Eun Jung Thak , Jungho Kim , Dong-Jik Lee , Jeong Yoon Kim , Hyun Ah Kang; J. Microbiol. 2018;56(1):11-23. Published online January 4, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7468-x

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Abstract PDF

Protein glycosylation, the most universal and diverse posttranslational modification, can affect protein secretion, stability, and immunogenicity. The structures of glycans attached to proteins are quite diverse among different organisms and even within yeast species. In yeast, protein glycosylation plays key roles in the quality control of secretory proteins, and particularly in maintaining cell wall integrity. Moreover, in pathogenic yeasts, glycans assembled on cell-surface glycoproteins can mediate their interactions with host cells. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of protein glycosylation in various yeast species and defining glycan structure characteristics can provide useful information for their biotechnological and clinical implications. Yeast-specific glycans are a target for glyco-engineering; implementing human-type glycosylation pathways in yeast can aid the production of recombinant glycoproteins with therapeutic potential. The virulenceassociated glycans of pathogenic yeasts could be exploited as novel targets for antifungal agents. Nowadays, several glycomics techniques facilitate the generation of species- and strain-specific glycome profiles and the delineation of modified glycan structures in mutant and engineered yeast cells. Here, we present the protocols employed in our laboratory to investigate the N- and O-glycan chains released from purified glycoproteins or cell wall mannoproteins in several yeast species.

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The protein and neutral lipid composition of lipid droplets isolated from the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe: Alex Meyers , Karuna Chourey , Taylor M. Weiskittel , Susan Pfiffner , John R. Dunlap , Robert L. Hettich , Paul Dalhaimer; J. Microbiol. 2017;55(2):112-122. Published online January 26, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-017-6205-1

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Abstract PDF

Lipid droplets consist of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer with bound proteins. Much of the information on lipid droplet function comes from proteomic and lipodomic studies that identify the components of droplets isolated from organisms throughout the phylogenetic tree. Here, we add to that important inventory by reporting lipid droplet factors from the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Unique to this study was the fact that cells were cultured in three different environments: 1) late log growth phase in glucose-based media, 2) stationary phase in glucosebased media, and 3) late log growth phase in media containing oleic acid. We confirmed colocalization of major factors with lipid droplets using live-cell fluorescent microscopy. We also analyzed droplets from each of the three conditions for sterol ester (SE) and triacylglycerol (TAG) content, along with their respective fatty acid compositions. We identified a previously undiscovered lipid droplet protein, Vip1p, which affects droplet size distribution. The results provide further insight into the workings of these ubiquitous organelles.

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Mild Heat Stress Alters the Physical State and Structure of Membranes in Triacylglycerol-Deficient Fission Yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Péter Gudmann, Imre Gombos, Mária Péter, Gábor Balogh, Zsolt Török, László Vígh, Attila Glatz
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Lipid droplets: a cellular organelle vital in cancer cells
Yi Jin, Yanjie Tan, Jian Wu, Zhuqing Ren
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Oleaginous yeasts: Time to rethink the definition?
José Manuel Salvador López, Meriam Vandeputte, Inge N. A. Van Bogaert
Yeast.2022; 39(11-12): 553. CrossRef
Proteomic and lipidomic analyses of lipid droplets in Aurantiochytrium limacinum ATCC MYA-1381
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ER-localized phosphatidylethanolamine synthase plays a conserved role in lipid droplet formation
Mehmet Oguz Gok, Natalie Ortiz Speer, W. Mike Henne, Jonathan R. Friedman, James Olzmann
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Lipid Droplet Nucleation
Abdou Rachid Thiam, Elina Ikonen
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Metabolism of Storage Lipids and the Role of Lipid Droplets in the Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Ivan Hapala, Peter Griac, Roman Holic
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Lipid Droplets in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Brandon C. Farmer, Adeline E. Walsh, Jude C. Kluemper, Lance A. Johnson
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Neha Arora, Hong-Wei Yen, George P. Philippidis
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The Peroxygenase Activity of the Aspergillus flavus Caleosin, AfPXG, Modulates the Biosynthesis of Aflatoxins and Their Trafficking and Extracellular Secretion via Lipid Droplets
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Mitotic defects in fission yeast lipid metabolism ‘cut’ mutants are suppressed by ammonium chloride
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Lipid Droplets: Formation to Breakdown
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Application of high-resolution melting analysis for differentiation of spoilage yeasts: Mine Erdem , Zülal Kesmen , Esra Özbekar , Bülent Çetin , Hasan Yetim; J. Microbiol. 2016;54(9):618-625. Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-016-6017-8

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Abstract PDF

A new method based on high resolution melting (HRM) analysis was developed for the differentiation and classification of the yeast species that cause food spoilage. A total 134 strains belonging to 21 different yeast species were examined to evaluate the discriminative power of HRM analysis. Two different highly variable DNA regions on the 26 rRNA gene were targeted to produce the HRM profiles of each strain. HRMbased grouping was compared and confirmed by (GTG)5 rep- PCR fingerprinting analysis. All of the yeast species belonging to the genera Pichia, Candida, Kazachstania, Kluyveromyces, Debaryomyces, Dekkera, Saccharomyces, Torulaspora, Ustilago, and Yarrowia, which were produced as species-specific HRM profiles, allowed discrimination at species and/or strain level. The HRM analysis of both target regions provided successful discrimination that correlated with rep-PCR fingerprinting analysis. Consequently, the HRM analysis has the potential for use in the rapid and accurate classification and typing of yeast species isolated from different foods to determine their sources and routes as well as to prevent contamination.

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